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Reading muet1 reading skills 2013 in-class

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This document outlines various reading skills, including understanding sense relationships through transitional signals and references, skimming and scanning texts, deriving meaning from words and phrases, distinguishing main ideas from details, and analyzing and evaluating texts. It discusses skills like understanding nonlinear texts through diagrams, charts and tables. It also covers distinguishing fact from opinion, predicting outcomes, making inferences, and drawing conclusions.

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READING SKILLS 1. Understanding Sense Relationships 1.1 Transitional Signals 1.2 References 2. Skimming & Scanning 2.1 Skimming 2.2 Scanning 3. Deriving Meaning From Words and Phrases 3.1 Types of Contextual Clues 4. Distinguishing Main Ideas from Supporting Details 5. Understanding Non-linear Texts 5.1 Diagrams 5.2 Charts, Graphs and Tables 6. Distinguishing the Relevant from the Irrelevant 7. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion 8. Predicting Outcomes 8.1 Asking Questions and Anticipating the Answers to these Questions in order to Predict the Content of a Text 8.2 Using Background Knowledge & Experience to Predict Outcome 8.3 Using Information, Facts and Details in a Text to Predict Outcome 9. Making Inferences 10. Drawing Conclusion 11. Analysing & Evaluating 11.1 Author¡¯s Purpose 11.2 Author¡¯s Bias 12. Recognising a Paraphrase
Read this paragraph about Mohan¡­ There are several reasons for Mohan¡¯s success as a businessman. He learned, at an early age, the importance of saving money and investing it wisely. When he was ten years old, and had earned enough money for a new bicycle, he purchased a used one instead and saved the difference. He was always honest in all his business transactions. He would never have any hidden charges in his contracts. He learned the importance of treating his customers as equals. He would always talk to them at their level of understanding and never talked down to them or over their heads. He learned that providing a good dependable service at a fair price would help him to keep his customers and to have them recommend them to others. Do you understand the paragraph¡­ do you find it lacking of something? Try to fill in the blanks with a word/a phrase to make it better.
There are several reasons for Mohan¡¯s success as a businessman. _______(1)_______, he learned, at an early age, the importance of saving money and investing it wisely. ________(2)_______, when he was ten years old, and had earned enough money for a new bicycle, he purchased a used one instead and saved the difference. _______(3)_______, he was always honest in all his business transactions. _______(4)_______, he would never have any hidden charges in his contracts. He _______(5)_______ learned the importance of treating his customers as equals. _______(6)_______, he would always talk to them at their level of understanding and never talked down to them or over their heads. He learned _______(7)_______, that providing a good dependable service at a fair price would help him to keep his customers and to have them recommend them to others. 1. Which one is the Topic Sentence? 2. What are those words/phrases you fill in call? And what does each of them function as in the paragraph? MUET READING 1 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.1 Transitional Signals 1.2 References Transitional signals are used by WRITER to: 1 List cause, consequences, rules or principles. OR to
add details to an afore-mentioned information. 2 Give illustration, an example, an analogy, or to clarify a statement. 3 Show a change in the direction of thinking 4 Show cause and effect relationship 5 Indicate a conclusion. Teacher¡¯s sheet MUET READING 1 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.1 Transitional Signals 1.2 References There are several reasons for Mohan¡¯s success as a businessman. 1) To begin with, he learned, at an early age, the importance of saving money and investing it wisely. 2) For instance, when he was ten years old, and had earned enough money for a new bicycle, he
purchased a used one instead and saved the difference. 3) Furthermore, he was always honest in all his business transactions. 4) For example, he would never have any hidden charges in his contracts. He 5) also learned the importance of treating his customers as equals. 6) In other words, he would always talk to them at their level of understanding and never talked down to them or over their heads. He learned 7) too, that providing a good dependable service at a fair price would help him to keep his customers and to have them recommend them to others. Topic sentence: the first sentence ( it is the idea that the writer wants to develop) They are called TRANSITIONAL SIGNALS To begin with ¨C the writer is giving the first supporting details For instance ¨C it signals a pause to give illustration before giving more supporting details. Furthermore ¨Cbuilds on/ develop the idea put forward about Mohan being a good businessman. For example ¨C it signals another pause by the writer to give an example to clarify the earlier statement. ¡­also¡­ - shows that the writer is giving another detail about how Mohan is a good businessman In other words ¨C a way/ method used to clarify a statement he has just made before moving on ¡­too¡­ - it signals the writer is stating yet another thing that Mohan learned. Teacher¡¯s Copy MUET READING 2 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.2 References Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. International trade is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet.
Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. It is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet. Do you find the second version sounds better? Why? Yes, no unnecessary repetition of the same word or phrase. So, what change you can find? The phrase ¡®International trade¡¯ is replaced with ¡®it¡¯ What do you call the word ¡®it¡¯? Reference Words It is used to replace nouns or noun phrases. They are often PRONOUNS, but not always. It helps you to: 1. Understand a reading passage better 2. Comprehend how the parts of a sentence or a phrase hold together 3. Connect the ideas in a paragraph. An example: Read this paragraph¡­ Until 2011, Johan, then 32, and his wife Siti Aishah, 29, lived a rather ordinary country life in Sibu, Sarawak. There, he worked for his father in a successful textile machinery plant, and she did part-time work in a soy sauce factory where she helped in the marketing of the product. Together, they raised two children, Hamson and Zaqree. What does each bolded works/phrases refer to? then 2002 his Johan¡¯s There Sibu, Sarawak he Johan she Siti Aishah where The soy sauce factory The product Soy sauce they Johan and Siti Aishah Two children Hamson and Zaqree Practice 1 Many overweight people tend to find it particularly difficult to resist certain foods, such as chocolates, candies, or peanuts. Not only do they find it hard to resist the temptation to
take one small portion, but also once they have had the first bite, they seem to find it impossible to stop. Such foods, of course, are typically high in caloric content and because of this, therefore, are likely to contribute to weight gain. Certain foods are to the obese as alcohol is to the alcoholic. For this reason, it has been recommended that the intake of such foods be restricted. Some dieticians recommend that they be totally eliminated. However, all diets require some variety. Therefore, it may be better to make these foods a part of one¡¯s daily meals. By doing so, the person will be eating them when it is easier to control the quantity taken. What does certain foods refer to? What does temptation refer to? What does they refer to? What does Such foods refer to? What does this refer to? What does this reason refer to? What does doing so refer to? MUET READING 2 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.2 References Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. International trade is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet.
Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. It is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet. Do you find the second version sounds better? Why? So, what change you can find? What do you call the word ¡®it¡¯? An example: Read this paragraph¡­ Until 2011, Johan, then 32, and his wife Siti Aishah, 29, lived a rather ordinary country life in Sibu, Sarawak. There, he worked for his father in a successful textile machinery
plant, and she did part-time work in a soy sauce factory where she helped in the marketing of the product. Together, they raised two children, Hamson and Zaqree. What does each bolded works/phrases refer to? then his There he she where The product they Two children Practice Many overweight people tend to find it particularly difficult to resist certain foods, such as chocolates, candies, or peanuts. Not only do they find it hard to resist the temptation to take one small portion, but also once they have had the first bite, they seem to find it impossible to stop. Such foods, of course, are typically high in caloric content and because of this, therefore, are likely to contribute to weight gain. Certain foods are to the obese as alcohol is to the alcoholic. For this reason, it has been recommended that the intake of such foods be restricted. Some dieticians recommend that they be totally eliminated. However, all diets require some variety. Therefore, it may be better to make these foods a
part of one¡¯s daily meals. By doing so, the person will be eating them when it is easier to control the quantity taken. What does certain foods refer to? What does temptation refer to? What does they refer to? What does Such foods refer to? What does this refer to? What does this reason refer to? What does doing so refer to? different kinds of reading Skimming - running the eyes over quickly, to get the gist Scanning - looking for a particular piece of information Extensive reading - longer texts for pleasure and needing global understanding
Intensive reading - shorter texts, extracting specific information, accurate reading for detail. Using these descriptions, how would you read the following? Match the different types of reading with the categories below. Decide which one requires you to skim or to scan the text. Which one needs detailed Intensive reading? What type of text do you read Extensively - for pleasure? Write down your answers 1. The ¡®What¡¯s On¡¯ section of the local paper: 2. A novel: 3. A newspaper: 4. A text in class: 5. A poem: 6. A postcard: 7. A train timetable: 8. A recipe: 9. A travel brochure: MUET READING 3 Skill 2: Skimming & Scanning 2.1 skimming Skimming helps you to¡­ 1. get a quick general overview of the topic, main ideas, theme, or subject of the passage
2. identify the writer¡¯s purpose 3. shorten your reading time How to skim¡­ 1. Read the title 2. Read any heading and subheadings 3. Read the introduction 4. Read the first sentence of each paragraph 5. Read the last sentence of each paragraph 6. Look for the main ideas and ignore all supporting details. Main ideas are usually expressed in Topic Sentence (TS), which often occur at the beginning or, less often, at the end of a paragraph. 7. Study any pictures/graphs/tables/charts etc. 8. Glance at the entire passage: italicized, capitalized, boldface words and phrases normally show keywords or terms used in the passage. 9. Look out for definitions 10. Locate/identify transitional signals (ts)¡­ for eg.: firstly, ¡­on major cause¡­another cause¡­ 11. Look for unusual or striking features of the passage. Series of dates or numbers¡­etc

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Reading muet1 reading skills 2013 in-class

  • 1. READING SKILLS 1. Understanding Sense Relationships 1.1 Transitional Signals 1.2 References 2. Skimming & Scanning 2.1 Skimming 2.2 Scanning 3. Deriving Meaning From Words and Phrases 3.1 Types of Contextual Clues 4. Distinguishing Main Ideas from Supporting Details 5. Understanding Non-linear Texts 5.1 Diagrams 5.2 Charts, Graphs and Tables 6. Distinguishing the Relevant from the Irrelevant 7. Distinguishing Fact from Opinion 8. Predicting Outcomes 8.1 Asking Questions and Anticipating the Answers to these Questions in order to Predict the Content of a Text 8.2 Using Background Knowledge & Experience to Predict Outcome 8.3 Using Information, Facts and Details in a Text to Predict Outcome 9. Making Inferences 10. Drawing Conclusion 11. Analysing & Evaluating 11.1 Author¡¯s Purpose 11.2 Author¡¯s Bias 12. Recognising a Paraphrase
  • 2. Read this paragraph about Mohan¡­ There are several reasons for Mohan¡¯s success as a businessman. He learned, at an early age, the importance of saving money and investing it wisely. When he was ten years old, and had earned enough money for a new bicycle, he purchased a used one instead and saved the difference. He was always honest in all his business transactions. He would never have any hidden charges in his contracts. He learned the importance of treating his customers as equals. He would always talk to them at their level of understanding and never talked down to them or over their heads. He learned that providing a good dependable service at a fair price would help him to keep his customers and to have them recommend them to others. Do you understand the paragraph¡­ do you find it lacking of something? Try to fill in the blanks with a word/a phrase to make it better.
  • 3. There are several reasons for Mohan¡¯s success as a businessman. _______(1)_______, he learned, at an early age, the importance of saving money and investing it wisely. ________(2)_______, when he was ten years old, and had earned enough money for a new bicycle, he purchased a used one instead and saved the difference. _______(3)_______, he was always honest in all his business transactions. _______(4)_______, he would never have any hidden charges in his contracts. He _______(5)_______ learned the importance of treating his customers as equals. _______(6)_______, he would always talk to them at their level of understanding and never talked down to them or over their heads. He learned _______(7)_______, that providing a good dependable service at a fair price would help him to keep his customers and to have them recommend them to others. 1. Which one is the Topic Sentence? 2. What are those words/phrases you fill in call? And what does each of them function as in the paragraph? MUET READING 1 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.1 Transitional Signals 1.2 References Transitional signals are used by WRITER to: 1 List cause, consequences, rules or principles. OR to
  • 4. add details to an afore-mentioned information. 2 Give illustration, an example, an analogy, or to clarify a statement. 3 Show a change in the direction of thinking 4 Show cause and effect relationship 5 Indicate a conclusion. Teacher¡¯s sheet MUET READING 1 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.1 Transitional Signals 1.2 References There are several reasons for Mohan¡¯s success as a businessman. 1) To begin with, he learned, at an early age, the importance of saving money and investing it wisely. 2) For instance, when he was ten years old, and had earned enough money for a new bicycle, he
  • 5. purchased a used one instead and saved the difference. 3) Furthermore, he was always honest in all his business transactions. 4) For example, he would never have any hidden charges in his contracts. He 5) also learned the importance of treating his customers as equals. 6) In other words, he would always talk to them at their level of understanding and never talked down to them or over their heads. He learned 7) too, that providing a good dependable service at a fair price would help him to keep his customers and to have them recommend them to others. Topic sentence: the first sentence ( it is the idea that the writer wants to develop) They are called TRANSITIONAL SIGNALS To begin with ¨C the writer is giving the first supporting details For instance ¨C it signals a pause to give illustration before giving more supporting details. Furthermore ¨Cbuilds on/ develop the idea put forward about Mohan being a good businessman. For example ¨C it signals another pause by the writer to give an example to clarify the earlier statement. ¡­also¡­ - shows that the writer is giving another detail about how Mohan is a good businessman In other words ¨C a way/ method used to clarify a statement he has just made before moving on ¡­too¡­ - it signals the writer is stating yet another thing that Mohan learned. Teacher¡¯s Copy MUET READING 2 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.2 References Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. International trade is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet.
  • 6. Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. It is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet. Do you find the second version sounds better? Why? Yes, no unnecessary repetition of the same word or phrase. So, what change you can find? The phrase ¡®International trade¡¯ is replaced with ¡®it¡¯ What do you call the word ¡®it¡¯? Reference Words It is used to replace nouns or noun phrases. They are often PRONOUNS, but not always. It helps you to: 1. Understand a reading passage better 2. Comprehend how the parts of a sentence or a phrase hold together 3. Connect the ideas in a paragraph. An example: Read this paragraph¡­ Until 2011, Johan, then 32, and his wife Siti Aishah, 29, lived a rather ordinary country life in Sibu, Sarawak. There, he worked for his father in a successful textile machinery plant, and she did part-time work in a soy sauce factory where she helped in the marketing of the product. Together, they raised two children, Hamson and Zaqree. What does each bolded works/phrases refer to? then 2002 his Johan¡¯s There Sibu, Sarawak he Johan she Siti Aishah where The soy sauce factory The product Soy sauce they Johan and Siti Aishah Two children Hamson and Zaqree Practice 1 Many overweight people tend to find it particularly difficult to resist certain foods, such as chocolates, candies, or peanuts. Not only do they find it hard to resist the temptation to
  • 7. take one small portion, but also once they have had the first bite, they seem to find it impossible to stop. Such foods, of course, are typically high in caloric content and because of this, therefore, are likely to contribute to weight gain. Certain foods are to the obese as alcohol is to the alcoholic. For this reason, it has been recommended that the intake of such foods be restricted. Some dieticians recommend that they be totally eliminated. However, all diets require some variety. Therefore, it may be better to make these foods a part of one¡¯s daily meals. By doing so, the person will be eating them when it is easier to control the quantity taken. What does certain foods refer to? What does temptation refer to? What does they refer to? What does Such foods refer to? What does this refer to? What does this reason refer to? What does doing so refer to? MUET READING 2 Skill 1: UNDERSTANDING SENSE RELATIONSHIP IN A TEXT 1.2 References Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. International trade is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet.
  • 8. Read these two sentences¡­ International trade is no longer the domain of large multinational groups. It is now open to small and medium-size business because of globalization of trade and advances in trading media like the Internet. Do you find the second version sounds better? Why? So, what change you can find? What do you call the word ¡®it¡¯? An example: Read this paragraph¡­ Until 2011, Johan, then 32, and his wife Siti Aishah, 29, lived a rather ordinary country life in Sibu, Sarawak. There, he worked for his father in a successful textile machinery
  • 9. plant, and she did part-time work in a soy sauce factory where she helped in the marketing of the product. Together, they raised two children, Hamson and Zaqree. What does each bolded works/phrases refer to? then his There he she where The product they Two children Practice Many overweight people tend to find it particularly difficult to resist certain foods, such as chocolates, candies, or peanuts. Not only do they find it hard to resist the temptation to take one small portion, but also once they have had the first bite, they seem to find it impossible to stop. Such foods, of course, are typically high in caloric content and because of this, therefore, are likely to contribute to weight gain. Certain foods are to the obese as alcohol is to the alcoholic. For this reason, it has been recommended that the intake of such foods be restricted. Some dieticians recommend that they be totally eliminated. However, all diets require some variety. Therefore, it may be better to make these foods a
  • 10. part of one¡¯s daily meals. By doing so, the person will be eating them when it is easier to control the quantity taken. What does certain foods refer to? What does temptation refer to? What does they refer to? What does Such foods refer to? What does this refer to? What does this reason refer to? What does doing so refer to? different kinds of reading Skimming - running the eyes over quickly, to get the gist Scanning - looking for a particular piece of information Extensive reading - longer texts for pleasure and needing global understanding
  • 11. Intensive reading - shorter texts, extracting specific information, accurate reading for detail. Using these descriptions, how would you read the following? Match the different types of reading with the categories below. Decide which one requires you to skim or to scan the text. Which one needs detailed Intensive reading? What type of text do you read Extensively - for pleasure? Write down your answers 1. The ¡®What¡¯s On¡¯ section of the local paper: 2. A novel: 3. A newspaper: 4. A text in class: 5. A poem: 6. A postcard: 7. A train timetable: 8. A recipe: 9. A travel brochure: MUET READING 3 Skill 2: Skimming & Scanning 2.1 skimming Skimming helps you to¡­ 1. get a quick general overview of the topic, main ideas, theme, or subject of the passage
  • 12. 2. identify the writer¡¯s purpose 3. shorten your reading time How to skim¡­ 1. Read the title 2. Read any heading and subheadings 3. Read the introduction 4. Read the first sentence of each paragraph 5. Read the last sentence of each paragraph 6. Look for the main ideas and ignore all supporting details. Main ideas are usually expressed in Topic Sentence (TS), which often occur at the beginning or, less often, at the end of a paragraph. 7. Study any pictures/graphs/tables/charts etc. 8. Glance at the entire passage: italicized, capitalized, boldface words and phrases normally show keywords or terms used in the passage. 9. Look out for definitions 10. Locate/identify transitional signals (ts)¡­ for eg.: firstly, ¡­on major cause¡­another cause¡­ 11. Look for unusual or striking features of the passage. Series of dates or numbers¡­etc