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Relative Clauses

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Ferdian Januardo
Ferdian Januardo

The relative pronoun replaces one of two identical noun phrases and relates the clauses to each other. Relative pronouns include who, whom, whose, which, and that. A relative clause can form one sentence from two separate sentences. Relative clauses can be either restrictive or non-restrictive, and the pronouns used depend on whether the noun being replaced is the subject or object of the clause.

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Name : Ferdian Hapreda J. Faiqotul F.
The relative pronoun: A relative clauses is used to form one sentence from two separate sentences. The relative pronoun replaces one of two identical noun phrases and relates the clauses to each other. The relative pronouns and their uses are listed here. Pronoun Use in formal English That Which Who Whom Whose Things Things People People Usually people
Kalimat Relatif Sebuah kalimat relatif yang digunakan untuk membentuk satu kalimat dari dua kalimat terpisah. Kata ganti Relatif yang menggantikan salah satu dari dua susunan noun yang sama dan berhubungan dengan kalimat satu sama lain.
- The relative pronoun completely replaces a duplicate noun phrase. There can be no regular pronoun along with the relative pronoun. Incorrect : This is the book that I bought it at the bookstore Correct : This is the book that I bought at the bookstore - Remember that a sentence with a relative clause can always be reduced to two separate sentences, so each clauses must contain a verb.
We bought the stereo. The stereo had been advertised at a reduced price We bought the stereo that had been a advertised at a reduced price John bought a boat . The boat cost thirty thousand dollars John bought a boat that cost thirty thousand dollars George is going to buy the house. We have been thinking of buying the house George is going to buy the house that we have been thinking of buying the house
Who / whom : Who is used when the noun phrase being replaced is in the subject position of the sentence. Whom is used when it is from the complement position. NOTE : In speech, whom is rarely used, but it should be used when apporiate in formal written English. If you have difficulty deciding whether who or whom should be used, remember the following rule. who + verb whom + noun
- Cosinder the following sentences The men are angry. The men are in this room - These sentences can also be considered as : The men (the men are in this room) are angry The men who are in this room are angry The men are angry. I dont like the men The men (I dont like the men) are angry The men whom I dont like are angry
- We also use the from whom after a preposition. In this case, the preposition should also be moved to the position before whom in formal written English. The men are angry. The woman is talking to the men The men (the woman is talking to the men) are angry The men to whom the woman is talking are angry
Relative Pronoun Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause Keterangan who He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs. menerangkan man (subject complement) whom The woman whom you saw last night is my sister. menerangkan woman (subject kalimat) whose The man, whose car is antique, works as a lecturer. menerangkan man (subject kalimat) which Mueeza, which is very faithful, is my cat. menerangkan Mueeza (subject kalimat) where (relative adverb) Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born. menerangkan city (subject complement) that It is the car that I have dreamed for many years ago. menerangkan car (subject complement)
A restrictive clauses is one that cannot be omitted from a sentence if the sentence is to keep its original meaning. A nonrestrictive clause contains additional information which is not required to give the clause by commas and a restrictive clause is not. Who,whom, and which can be used in restrictive or nonrestrictive clauses. That can be used only in restrictive clauses. Normally, that is the preferred word to use in a restrictive clause, although which is acceptable.
Kalimat membatasi adalah salah satu yang tidak dapat dihilangkan dari kalimat jika kalimat tersebut untuk menjaga makna aslinya. Sebuah klausa nonrestrictive mengandung informasi tambahan yang tidak diperlukan untuk memberikan klausa dengan koma dan klausa restriktif tidak. Siapa, siapa, dan yang dapat digunakan dalam klausa membatasi atau nonrestrictive. Itu hanya dapat digunakan dalam klausa membatasi. Biasanya, that adalah kata yang disukai untuk digunakan dalam klausa terbatas, meskipun which dapat diterima.
- Restrictive : Weeds that float to the surface should be removed before they decay. (We are not speaking of all weeds, only those that float to the surface. Thus, the sentence is restrictive, if that float to the surface. Were omitted, the sentence would have a different meaning)
- Nonrestrictive : My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline. (The fact that my car is very large is additional information and not important to the rest of the sentence. Notice that is not possible to use the pronoun that in place of which in this sentence)
Examples of relative clauses : Dr. Jones is the only doctor whom I have seen about this problem. Hurricanes that are born off the coast of Africa often prove to be the most deadly
The man who came yesterday is my uncle The girl who is singing is my cousin The woman who is writing is Miss Anne The woman who lost a bag is Mrs Lee The boy whom I gave the book to is the best student The girl whom Charles lent the magazine to is very pretty The man whom we met yesterday has nine children The woman whom sally is going with has ever been to Irak The woman whom I have talked to will buy a house
The boy whose toy John broke yesterday is my cousin The woman whose husband is ill will call the doctor The girl whose bag was stolen went to the police station The girl whose mother was angry with me last night is my love The pensil which John is holding is red The house which stands on that hill is very old This is the painting which won the first prize The letter which came yesterday was from Maria
Both the cars that are in the garage are new Ive just heard something that will surprise you The bird that sings in my garden every morning is a Robin The bears that live in Greenland are polar bears
Relative Clauses

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Relative Clauses

  • 1. Name : Ferdian Hapreda J. Faiqotul F.
  • 2. The relative pronoun: A relative clauses is used to form one sentence from two separate sentences. The relative pronoun replaces one of two identical noun phrases and relates the clauses to each other. The relative pronouns and their uses are listed here. Pronoun Use in formal English That Which Who Whom Whose Things Things People People Usually people
  • 3. Kalimat Relatif Sebuah kalimat relatif yang digunakan untuk membentuk satu kalimat dari dua kalimat terpisah. Kata ganti Relatif yang menggantikan salah satu dari dua susunan noun yang sama dan berhubungan dengan kalimat satu sama lain.
  • 4. - The relative pronoun completely replaces a duplicate noun phrase. There can be no regular pronoun along with the relative pronoun. Incorrect : This is the book that I bought it at the bookstore Correct : This is the book that I bought at the bookstore - Remember that a sentence with a relative clause can always be reduced to two separate sentences, so each clauses must contain a verb.
  • 5. We bought the stereo. The stereo had been advertised at a reduced price We bought the stereo that had been a advertised at a reduced price John bought a boat . The boat cost thirty thousand dollars John bought a boat that cost thirty thousand dollars George is going to buy the house. We have been thinking of buying the house George is going to buy the house that we have been thinking of buying the house
  • 6. Who / whom : Who is used when the noun phrase being replaced is in the subject position of the sentence. Whom is used when it is from the complement position. NOTE : In speech, whom is rarely used, but it should be used when apporiate in formal written English. If you have difficulty deciding whether who or whom should be used, remember the following rule. who + verb whom + noun
  • 7. - Cosinder the following sentences The men are angry. The men are in this room - These sentences can also be considered as : The men (the men are in this room) are angry The men who are in this room are angry The men are angry. I dont like the men The men (I dont like the men) are angry The men whom I dont like are angry
  • 8. - We also use the from whom after a preposition. In this case, the preposition should also be moved to the position before whom in formal written English. The men are angry. The woman is talking to the men The men (the woman is talking to the men) are angry The men to whom the woman is talking are angry
  • 9. Relative Pronoun Contoh Kalimat Adjective Clause Keterangan who He is the man who works hard to support their daily needs. menerangkan man (subject complement) whom The woman whom you saw last night is my sister. menerangkan woman (subject kalimat) whose The man, whose car is antique, works as a lecturer. menerangkan man (subject kalimat) which Mueeza, which is very faithful, is my cat. menerangkan Mueeza (subject kalimat) where (relative adverb) Bandar Lampung is a city where I was born. menerangkan city (subject complement) that It is the car that I have dreamed for many years ago. menerangkan car (subject complement)
  • 10. A restrictive clauses is one that cannot be omitted from a sentence if the sentence is to keep its original meaning. A nonrestrictive clause contains additional information which is not required to give the clause by commas and a restrictive clause is not. Who,whom, and which can be used in restrictive or nonrestrictive clauses. That can be used only in restrictive clauses. Normally, that is the preferred word to use in a restrictive clause, although which is acceptable.
  • 11. Kalimat membatasi adalah salah satu yang tidak dapat dihilangkan dari kalimat jika kalimat tersebut untuk menjaga makna aslinya. Sebuah klausa nonrestrictive mengandung informasi tambahan yang tidak diperlukan untuk memberikan klausa dengan koma dan klausa restriktif tidak. Siapa, siapa, dan yang dapat digunakan dalam klausa membatasi atau nonrestrictive. Itu hanya dapat digunakan dalam klausa membatasi. Biasanya, that adalah kata yang disukai untuk digunakan dalam klausa terbatas, meskipun which dapat diterima.
  • 12. - Restrictive : Weeds that float to the surface should be removed before they decay. (We are not speaking of all weeds, only those that float to the surface. Thus, the sentence is restrictive, if that float to the surface. Were omitted, the sentence would have a different meaning)
  • 13. - Nonrestrictive : My car, which is very large, uses too much gasoline. (The fact that my car is very large is additional information and not important to the rest of the sentence. Notice that is not possible to use the pronoun that in place of which in this sentence)
  • 14. Examples of relative clauses : Dr. Jones is the only doctor whom I have seen about this problem. Hurricanes that are born off the coast of Africa often prove to be the most deadly
  • 15. The man who came yesterday is my uncle The girl who is singing is my cousin The woman who is writing is Miss Anne The woman who lost a bag is Mrs Lee The boy whom I gave the book to is the best student The girl whom Charles lent the magazine to is very pretty The man whom we met yesterday has nine children The woman whom sally is going with has ever been to Irak The woman whom I have talked to will buy a house
  • 16. The boy whose toy John broke yesterday is my cousin The woman whose husband is ill will call the doctor The girl whose bag was stolen went to the police station The girl whose mother was angry with me last night is my love The pensil which John is holding is red The house which stands on that hill is very old This is the painting which won the first prize The letter which came yesterday was from Maria
  • 17. Both the cars that are in the garage are new Ive just heard something that will surprise you The bird that sings in my garden every morning is a Robin The bears that live in Greenland are polar bears