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Reptiles Juju

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Reptiles are vertebrates with scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs that allow them to live fully on land. They evolved from amphibian ancestors and came to dominate during the Triassic period, though most dinosaurs went extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period due to volcanic eruptions and an asteroid impact. Modern reptiles include snakes, lizards, crocodilians, turtles, and the tuatara; they regulate their body temperature through environmental interactions, have two-chambered hearts, and reproduce through internal fertilization or ovoviviparity. Many reptile species are endangered due to habitat destruction and overhunting.

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ReptilesJulian Martinez
What is a reptile?A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes.These allow the reptile to live its whole life out of water.
EvolutionEvolved from amphibian-like ancestorsAfter the Carboniferous Period, lakes and swamps dried up, which reduced some available habitat for water-dependent amphibians.
Mammal-like ReptilesMixture of reptilian and mammalian characteristicsEventually came to dominate many land habitatsDuring the Triassic Period (215 million years ago) Dinosaurs dominated.
Enter the DinosaursRanged in sizes from small to enormous!Some ran on two legs or lumbered on four.All dinosaurs belonged to 1 of 2 groupsOrnithischia (Bird-Hipped)Saurischia(Lizard-Hipped)
Exit the DinosaursAt the end of the Crustaceous Period (65 mill. Years ago) mass extinction occurred.Multiple natural disastersVolcanic eruptions and lava flows, the dropping of sea level, and a huge asteroid or comet hitting what is now the Yucat叩n Peninsula in Mexico.Caused huge forest fires and dust storms ridding of the dinosaurs
Form and FunctionWell-developed lungs; a double-loop circulatory system; strong limbs; internal fertilization; and shelled, terrestrial eggs are the other adoptions that have contributed to the success of reptiles on land.
Body Temperature ControlReptiles control their body temperature by moving locations.To warm up, they bask in the sun during the day or stay underwater at nightTo stay cool, they move to the shade or go swimming, or take shelter in underground burrows.Ectotherms: An animal that relies on interactions with the environment to help it control body temp.Turtles and snakes
FeedingWide range of foodsMost animals eat insects.CarnivoresSnakes- small animals and bird eggsCrocs/Alligators- fish and land animalsHerbivoresIguanas- tears plants and swallows the chunks
RespirationMany reptiles have muscles around their ribs that expand the chest cavity to force air out.Snakes only have 1 lung.Spongy lungsProviding more gas exchange area than amphibians
CirculationThe alligator and crocodile have the most developed hearts2 atria and 2 ventriclesReptile hearts have 2 atria and 1 or 2 ventriclesDouble loop circulatory systemOne brings blood to and from the lungsBrings blood to and from the rest of the body
ExcretionUrine produced in the kidneysReptiles urine contains ammonia or uric acidCrocs and alligators consume a lot of water, which dilutes the ammonia in the urine and carries it away.Land animals convert the ammonia into uric acid.Less toxic than ammonia
ResponseA reptiles brain is smaller than that of an amphibian.Day active animals have better vision than others.Snakes have a great sense of smell because of their lack of eyesight. Reptiles have 2 sensory organs at the top of their mouths the detect chemicals when reptiles flick their tongues.
MovementReptiles with legs have stronger, larger limbs that enable them to walk, run, swim, burrow, or climb.
ReproductionInternal fertilizationReptiles lay eggs.Most reptiles have penis-like organs that deliver sperm to the females cloaca.Some snakes and lizards are ovoviviparous
Groups of ReptilesThe four surviving groups of reptiles are snakes and lizards, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and the tuatara.
Lizards and SnakesModern lizards and snakes belong to the order squamata, which means scaly reptilesLizardsLegsClawed toesExternal earsMovable eyelids
CrocodiliansFierce carnivores that feed on other animals.Very protective over their youngThe females guard the eggs and carries them to a nursery area and watches over them.Only found in tropics, or subtropics where climate remains warm all year
Turtles and TortoisesBelong the order TestudinesHave shells built in their skeletonsShell consists of 2 partsCarapace- the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax.Plastron- Ventral part of the shell
TuatarasSurviving member of the order SphenodontaFound only on a few islands off the coast of New ZealandLack external ears and retain primitive scales
EcologyEndangered species Habitat being destroyedHumans hunt reptiles for food, to sell as pets, and for their skin.Sea turtle recovery programsHelp babies get a head start on survival

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Reptiles Juju

  • 2. What is a reptile?A reptile is a vertebrate that has dry, scaly skin, lungs, and terrestrial eggs with several membranes.These allow the reptile to live its whole life out of water.
  • 3. EvolutionEvolved from amphibian-like ancestorsAfter the Carboniferous Period, lakes and swamps dried up, which reduced some available habitat for water-dependent amphibians.
  • 4. Mammal-like ReptilesMixture of reptilian and mammalian characteristicsEventually came to dominate many land habitatsDuring the Triassic Period (215 million years ago) Dinosaurs dominated.
  • 5. Enter the DinosaursRanged in sizes from small to enormous!Some ran on two legs or lumbered on four.All dinosaurs belonged to 1 of 2 groupsOrnithischia (Bird-Hipped)Saurischia(Lizard-Hipped)
  • 6. Exit the DinosaursAt the end of the Crustaceous Period (65 mill. Years ago) mass extinction occurred.Multiple natural disastersVolcanic eruptions and lava flows, the dropping of sea level, and a huge asteroid or comet hitting what is now the Yucat叩n Peninsula in Mexico.Caused huge forest fires and dust storms ridding of the dinosaurs
  • 7. Form and FunctionWell-developed lungs; a double-loop circulatory system; strong limbs; internal fertilization; and shelled, terrestrial eggs are the other adoptions that have contributed to the success of reptiles on land.
  • 8. Body Temperature ControlReptiles control their body temperature by moving locations.To warm up, they bask in the sun during the day or stay underwater at nightTo stay cool, they move to the shade or go swimming, or take shelter in underground burrows.Ectotherms: An animal that relies on interactions with the environment to help it control body temp.Turtles and snakes
  • 9. FeedingWide range of foodsMost animals eat insects.CarnivoresSnakes- small animals and bird eggsCrocs/Alligators- fish and land animalsHerbivoresIguanas- tears plants and swallows the chunks
  • 10. RespirationMany reptiles have muscles around their ribs that expand the chest cavity to force air out.Snakes only have 1 lung.Spongy lungsProviding more gas exchange area than amphibians
  • 11. CirculationThe alligator and crocodile have the most developed hearts2 atria and 2 ventriclesReptile hearts have 2 atria and 1 or 2 ventriclesDouble loop circulatory systemOne brings blood to and from the lungsBrings blood to and from the rest of the body
  • 12. ExcretionUrine produced in the kidneysReptiles urine contains ammonia or uric acidCrocs and alligators consume a lot of water, which dilutes the ammonia in the urine and carries it away.Land animals convert the ammonia into uric acid.Less toxic than ammonia
  • 13. ResponseA reptiles brain is smaller than that of an amphibian.Day active animals have better vision than others.Snakes have a great sense of smell because of their lack of eyesight. Reptiles have 2 sensory organs at the top of their mouths the detect chemicals when reptiles flick their tongues.
  • 14. MovementReptiles with legs have stronger, larger limbs that enable them to walk, run, swim, burrow, or climb.
  • 15. ReproductionInternal fertilizationReptiles lay eggs.Most reptiles have penis-like organs that deliver sperm to the females cloaca.Some snakes and lizards are ovoviviparous
  • 16. Groups of ReptilesThe four surviving groups of reptiles are snakes and lizards, crocodilians, turtles and tortoises, and the tuatara.
  • 17. Lizards and SnakesModern lizards and snakes belong to the order squamata, which means scaly reptilesLizardsLegsClawed toesExternal earsMovable eyelids
  • 18. CrocodiliansFierce carnivores that feed on other animals.Very protective over their youngThe females guard the eggs and carries them to a nursery area and watches over them.Only found in tropics, or subtropics where climate remains warm all year
  • 19. Turtles and TortoisesBelong the order TestudinesHave shells built in their skeletonsShell consists of 2 partsCarapace- the part of the exoskeleton that covers the cephalothorax.Plastron- Ventral part of the shell
  • 20. TuatarasSurviving member of the order SphenodontaFound only on a few islands off the coast of New ZealandLack external ears and retain primitive scales
  • 21. EcologyEndangered species Habitat being destroyedHumans hunt reptiles for food, to sell as pets, and for their skin.Sea turtle recovery programsHelp babies get a head start on survival