Introduction to Royalty, Basics and Accounting Entriessatishnn
油
The document provides an overview of royalties, defining them as payments made to property owners for the use of their assets, such as patents or copyrights. It explains various terms related to royalties, including minimum rent, short workings, and accounting practices for both lessees and lessors. Additionally, the document includes examples and terminologies related to royalty agreements, along with potential accounting entries and test questions for validation of understanding.
Jiveeka meterial(indian scheemes and functions for block project mamager)Rockvishwajeet Bharti
油
This document provides short summaries of various government schemes in Bihar, India. It includes schemes focused on rural livelihood promotion (BRLP), skill development (DDUGKY), digital infrastructure (Digital India), housing (PMAY), child and mother welfare (ICDS), school meals (MDM), health (NHM), agriculture (NMSA, RKVY), education (SSA, RMSA), drinking water (NRDWP), social security (NSAP), skills training (PKVY), rural roads (PMGSY), irrigation (PMKSY), and fellowship programs (PMRDF). The schemes aim to enhance livelihoods, skills, access to services, and welfare across different sectors for
This document discusses different retail intermediaries and their functions:
1. Dealers, distributors, and wholesalers purchase goods from producers or other intermediaries and resell them, with distributors and wholesalers also providing warehousing.
2. Buying agents locate supplies at best prices for buyers, while selling agents provide sales support services to manufacturers.
3. Retailers sell goods directly to consumers, providing finished goods, storage, time and place convenience, and transferring ownership utility. They also distribute goods and provide information to manufacturers.
The document discusses the retail sector in India. It notes that retail accounts for 14-15% of India's GDP and is one of the fastest growing retail markets in the world. Until recently, foreign investment in retail was restricted. In 2011, reforms allowed 100% foreign ownership of single-brand stores and eased rules for multi-brand retailers. However, multi-brand reforms were placed on hold due to political opposition. The retail sector is divided into organized and unorganized segments, with organized retail growing faster but still small at only 4% of the total market. Government policies have gradually opened the sector to foreign investment over the past two decades.
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI as investment made by an entity in an enterprise located in a different country, where the investor obtains influence or control. It outlines the two routes for FDI in India - direct and government - and the roles of the Reserve Bank of India and Foreign Investment Promotion Board in regulating FDI. It discusses advantages like technology transfer and disadvantages like crowding out local industry. It provides statistics on top investing countries and sectors for FDI in India. Finally, it explains the implications of allowing 51% FDI in multi-brand retail.
The document discusses several industry associations and organizations that monitor business conditions in India. The Retailers Association of India (RAI) represents retailers and supports growth of the modern retail industry. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) works with industry and government to support growth and is India's premier business association. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) is India's largest and oldest business association and represents industry.
The document discusses various aspects of leading, organizing, and controlling global marketing efforts. It covers topics such as leadership, organizational structures for global marketing, patterns of international organizational development, matrix designs, control methods like planning and budgeting, and components of a global marketing audit. The goal is to find structures that enable companies to respond to market differences while ensuring knowledge is shared globally.
The chapter discusses international promotional strategies and advertising. It describes the components of the international promotional mix, including advertising, sales promotion, public relations and personal selling. It then explores challenges in international communication and ways to overcome them, such as evaluating message effectiveness. Finally, it addresses factors to consider in international advertising strategies and budgeting decisions.
The document discusses the components of international promotional mix and integrated marketing communications, which usually include advertising, sales promotion, trade shows, personal selling, and public relations. It also covers considerations for international advertising such as deciding whether to standardize or adapt messages and selecting effective media channels. The document provides examples of different promotional and advertising strategies used in international markets.
This document discusses promotion decisions and global advertising strategies. It covers topics such as integrated marketing communications, global versus localized advertising, challenges with standardization versus adaptation, and pattern advertising. Cultural considerations for advertising such as images, language, and customs are examined. The roles of creative strategy, copywriting, and art direction are also overviewed.
International distribution and logistics involves designing global channel strategies and managing complex supply chains. The document discusses Swatch's channel design approach, the traditional system of exchange between producers and users, and strategies for rationalizing local distribution channels. It also covers topics like wholesaling, the evolution of Nike's direct distribution approach, innovations in retailing, the benefits of logistics hubs like Kodak's airfreight center, and the role of global transportation and warehousing in modern supply chain management.
This document discusses distribution strategies and logistics management. It covers international distribution channels including direct involvement through a company's own sales force or indirect involvement using independent agents and distributors. Key aspects of distribution channels, global retailing strategies, supply chain definitions, physical distribution, inventory management, and transportation modes are summarized.
The document discusses various considerations for global pricing decisions. It addresses pricing objectives like market penetration and market skimming. It also discusses factors that influence pricing such as currency fluctuations, government regulations, competition, and sourcing strategies. The document provides examples of pricing strategies like target costing and compares policy alternatives for global pricing like extension, adaptation, and geocentric approaches.
This document discusses the interface between cotton production and marketing from the perspective of spinners and suppliers. Spinners require high quality raw cotton that meets certain specifications in terms of trash content, length, strength, fineness and other properties to efficiently run their spinning plants and produce quality yarns and fabrics. To meet these demands, growers and suppliers must ensure production, picking and ginning processes achieve very high standards. Cotton is also manually graded by experts to classify purchases for clients.
The monetary system has evolved over time from the gold standard to Bretton Woods to floating exchange rates today. Under Bretton Woods, currencies were pegged to the US dollar which was pegged to gold. This system collapsed in the 1970s and most currencies now float against each other. The IMF and World Bank still play important roles in providing loans and advice to member countries. Managers must consider currency risk and maintain flexibility in their business strategies due to the uncertainties of floating exchange rates.
The document discusses international financial markets and the international monetary system. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts such as foreign exchange, exchange rates, international capital markets, foreign exchange markets, offshore financial centers, and the functions of the foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market allows for the conversion of currencies and provides insurance against foreign exchange risk. It operates globally and continuously as a decentralized over-the-counter market and interbank market.
The document summarizes key aspects of different international monetary systems throughout history:
(1) The gold standard (1880-1914) which fixed exchange rates to gold and allowed adjustment through price-specie flows. It lacked flexibility but provided stable rates.
(2) The Bretton Woods system (1944-1973) which fixed rates within 1% bands and used capital controls. It was more flexible than the gold standard but collapsed due to the Triffin dilemma.
(3) The present floating rate system (1973-onward) where exchange rates are set by market supply and demand with no obligation to maintain fixed rates. Monetary policy aims to smooth short-term variability.
This document provides an overview of the foreign exchange market, including:
1) It describes the key participants in the spot and forward markets such as commercial banks, brokers, and traders.
2) It explains how spot transactions work, including quotations, bid-ask spreads, and settlement dates.
3) It defines forward contracts and discusses how forward premiums or discounts are calculated based on the interest rate differential between countries.
4) It introduces interest rate parity theory which states that the forward rate will differ from the spot rate by an amount equal to the interest rate differential.
The chapter discusses international promotional strategies and advertising. It describes the components of the international promotional mix, including advertising, salesforce management, sales promotion, public relations and publicity. It also explores challenges in international communication and ways to overcome them, such as hiring research firms and evaluating message effectiveness. Finally, it addresses factors to consider in international advertising strategies and budgeting decisions.
The document appears to be a proposal submitted by Vishwajeet Bharti for a project on customer loyalty at Big Bazaar stores. It includes an introduction to Big Bazaar as a company, a literature review on customer loyalty programs, and outlines the objectives, methodology, and proposed structure of the project. The proposal discusses examining Big Bazaar's loyalty programs, promotion techniques, customer experience initiatives and analyzing their effectiveness at improving customer loyalty. Primary and secondary research methods including surveys and statistical analysis are proposed to evaluate the impact of Big Bazaar's efforts.
bjbij jknkj knlk ml ko k lk lkmk k kmpom kmp kl pk km op lk ok p m k k ,l pom l pmfpoasfmasmfp om k kmp kla fpmpaf pkokmp pmppmpa fkmpo l pmo l pamfomaf afpomopafa pompo kmapofma po
The document discusses the components of international promotional mix and integrated marketing communications, which usually include advertising, sales promotion, trade shows, personal selling, and public relations. It also covers considerations for international advertising such as deciding whether to standardize or adapt messages and selecting effective media channels. The document provides examples of different promotional and advertising strategies used in international markets.
This document discusses promotion decisions and global advertising strategies. It covers topics such as integrated marketing communications, global versus localized advertising, challenges with standardization versus adaptation, and pattern advertising. Cultural considerations for advertising such as images, language, and customs are examined. The roles of creative strategy, copywriting, and art direction are also overviewed.
International distribution and logistics involves designing global channel strategies and managing complex supply chains. The document discusses Swatch's channel design approach, the traditional system of exchange between producers and users, and strategies for rationalizing local distribution channels. It also covers topics like wholesaling, the evolution of Nike's direct distribution approach, innovations in retailing, the benefits of logistics hubs like Kodak's airfreight center, and the role of global transportation and warehousing in modern supply chain management.
This document discusses distribution strategies and logistics management. It covers international distribution channels including direct involvement through a company's own sales force or indirect involvement using independent agents and distributors. Key aspects of distribution channels, global retailing strategies, supply chain definitions, physical distribution, inventory management, and transportation modes are summarized.
The document discusses various considerations for global pricing decisions. It addresses pricing objectives like market penetration and market skimming. It also discusses factors that influence pricing such as currency fluctuations, government regulations, competition, and sourcing strategies. The document provides examples of pricing strategies like target costing and compares policy alternatives for global pricing like extension, adaptation, and geocentric approaches.
This document discusses the interface between cotton production and marketing from the perspective of spinners and suppliers. Spinners require high quality raw cotton that meets certain specifications in terms of trash content, length, strength, fineness and other properties to efficiently run their spinning plants and produce quality yarns and fabrics. To meet these demands, growers and suppliers must ensure production, picking and ginning processes achieve very high standards. Cotton is also manually graded by experts to classify purchases for clients.
The monetary system has evolved over time from the gold standard to Bretton Woods to floating exchange rates today. Under Bretton Woods, currencies were pegged to the US dollar which was pegged to gold. This system collapsed in the 1970s and most currencies now float against each other. The IMF and World Bank still play important roles in providing loans and advice to member countries. Managers must consider currency risk and maintain flexibility in their business strategies due to the uncertainties of floating exchange rates.
The document discusses international financial markets and the international monetary system. It provides definitions and explanations of key concepts such as foreign exchange, exchange rates, international capital markets, foreign exchange markets, offshore financial centers, and the functions of the foreign exchange market. The foreign exchange market allows for the conversion of currencies and provides insurance against foreign exchange risk. It operates globally and continuously as a decentralized over-the-counter market and interbank market.
The document summarizes key aspects of different international monetary systems throughout history:
(1) The gold standard (1880-1914) which fixed exchange rates to gold and allowed adjustment through price-specie flows. It lacked flexibility but provided stable rates.
(2) The Bretton Woods system (1944-1973) which fixed rates within 1% bands and used capital controls. It was more flexible than the gold standard but collapsed due to the Triffin dilemma.
(3) The present floating rate system (1973-onward) where exchange rates are set by market supply and demand with no obligation to maintain fixed rates. Monetary policy aims to smooth short-term variability.
This document provides an overview of the foreign exchange market, including:
1) It describes the key participants in the spot and forward markets such as commercial banks, brokers, and traders.
2) It explains how spot transactions work, including quotations, bid-ask spreads, and settlement dates.
3) It defines forward contracts and discusses how forward premiums or discounts are calculated based on the interest rate differential between countries.
4) It introduces interest rate parity theory which states that the forward rate will differ from the spot rate by an amount equal to the interest rate differential.
The chapter discusses international promotional strategies and advertising. It describes the components of the international promotional mix, including advertising, salesforce management, sales promotion, public relations and publicity. It also explores challenges in international communication and ways to overcome them, such as hiring research firms and evaluating message effectiveness. Finally, it addresses factors to consider in international advertising strategies and budgeting decisions.
The document appears to be a proposal submitted by Vishwajeet Bharti for a project on customer loyalty at Big Bazaar stores. It includes an introduction to Big Bazaar as a company, a literature review on customer loyalty programs, and outlines the objectives, methodology, and proposed structure of the project. The proposal discusses examining Big Bazaar's loyalty programs, promotion techniques, customer experience initiatives and analyzing their effectiveness at improving customer loyalty. Primary and secondary research methods including surveys and statistical analysis are proposed to evaluate the impact of Big Bazaar's efforts.
bjbij jknkj knlk ml ko k lk lkmk k kmpom kmp kl pk km op lk ok p m k k ,l pom l pmfpoasfmasmfp om k kmp kla fpmpaf pkokmp pmppmpa fkmpo l pmo l pamfomaf afpomopafa pompo kmapofma po