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Editor's Notes

1. Of all the psychological disorder, Schizo is the most bizarre (MOST WEIRDESS, MOST INSANE) and most challenging disorder. The term schizophrenia was introduced by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911. Literally, the term means “split mind”. Schizo means “Split”,,, Phrenia means “Mind”
2. Of all the psychological disorder, Schizo is the most bizarre (MOST WEIRDESS, MOST INSANE) and most challenging disorder. The term schizophrenia was introduced by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911. Literally, the term means “split mind”. Schizo means “Split”,,, Phrenia means “Mind”
3. -Schizo includes severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion & behavior. -Despite many theories of schizo, and thousands of research studies, a complete understanding of this disorder continues to elude us. -Schizo is one of a family of psychotic disorders, all of which involve some loss of contact with reality, as well as bizarre behaviors & experiences. -People with Schizo however, have such difficulty in sorting out the real from the unreal, in keeping track of their thoughts, in responding to the everyday events of life, that they often become immobilized.
4. <Marky experience about schizo> Schizo develops slowly or suddenly, the symptoms is many and varied. . A sense of being unable to control one’s attention and focus one’s thoughts is central to the experience of schizo. In addition to disorganized thought processes, people with schizophrenia experience disturbances in the content of thought. Most individuals suffering from schizophrenia show lack of insight. ---When asked what is wrong or why they are hospitalized, they seem to have no appreciation of their condition and little realization that their behavior is unusual. They are also subject to delusions, beliefs that external forces are trying to control one’s thoughts and actions.  
5. Most prominent features are delusions of persecution, in which people believe that others mean to harm them, delusions of grandeur, in which they believe they are enormously important. -Suspicion, anxiety, or anger may accompany the delusions, and hallucinations also may occur in this subtypes Paranoid behavior is exhibited by feelings of persecution, of being watched, or sometimes this behavior is associated with a famous or noteworthy person a celebrity or politician, or an entity such as a corporation. -People with paranoid-type schizophrenia may display anger, anxiety, and hostility. The person usually has relatively normal intellectual functioning and expression of affect.
6. -Central features are onfusion and incoherence, together with severe deterioration of adaptive behavior, such as personal hygiene, social skills and self care. Thought disorganization is often so extreme that it is difficult to communicate with these individuals. People with disorganized schizo are usually unable to function on their own. -A person with disorganized-type schizophrenia will exhibit behaviors that are disorganized or speech that may be bizarre or difficult to understand. They may display inappropriate emotions or reactions that do not relate to the situation at-hand. Daily activities such as hygiene, eating, and working may be disrupted or neglected by their disorganized thought patterns. (PARANG UNG SPOON GAGAWIN NYANG FORK, OR ILALAGAY NYA SA ULO UNG MAINIT NA SABAW)
7. -Characterized by striking motor disturbances ranging from muscular rigidity to random or repetitive movements. -Disturbances of movement mark catatonic-type schizophrenia. People with this type of schizophrenia may vary between extremes: they may remain immobile or may move all over the place. -They may say nothing for hours, or they may repeat everything you say or do. These behaviors put these people with catatonic-type schizophrenia at high risk because they are often unable to take care of themselves or complete daily activities
8. -A category assigned to people who exhibit some of the symptoms and thought disorders of the above categories but who do not have enough of the specific criteria to be diagnosed in those categories -Undifferentiated-type schizophrenia is a classification used when a person exhibits behaviors which fit into two or more of the other types of schizophrenia, including symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, catatonic behavior.
9. These are false beliefs that are not based in reality. -Delusions occur in as many as 4 out of 5 people with schizophrenia. --For example, you're being harmed or harassed; certain gestures or comments are directed at you; you have exceptional ability or fame; another person is in love with you; a major catastrophe is about to occur; or your body is not functioning properly.
10. -These usually involve seeing or hearing things that don't exist. -Yet for the person with schizophrenia, they have the full force and impact of a normal experience. -Hallucinations can be in any of the senses, but hearing voices is the most common hallucination. <EXAMPLE UNG KAY PHINEAS AND FERB>
11. -Disorganized thinking is inferred from disorganized speech. -Effective communication can be impaired, and answers to questions may be partially or completely unrelated. -Rarely, speech may include putting together meaningless words that can't be understood, sometimes known as word salad.
12. -This may show in a number of ways, ranging from childlike silliness to unpredictable agitation. -Behavior is not focused on a goal, which makes it hard to perform tasks. -Abnormal motor behavior can include resistance to instructions, inappropriate and bizarre posture, a complete lack of response, or useless and excessive movement.
13. -This refers to reduced ability or lack of ability to function normally. For example, the person appears to lack emotion, such as not making eye contact, not changing facial expressions, speaking without inflection or monotone, or not adding hand or head movements that normally provide the emotional emphasis in speech. -Also, the person may have a reduced ability to plan or carry out activities, such as decreased talking and neglect of personal hygiene, or have a loss of interest in everyday activities, social withdrawal or a lack of ability to experience pleasure.
14. Schizophrenia has multiple, intermingled causes which may differ from person to person, including: •Genetics (runs in families) •Environment •Brain chemistry •History of abuse or neglect
15. Biological Factors are prominently involved in schizo. Genetic, biochemical, and brain factors have been investigated.
16. -Schizophrenia has a strong hereditary component. -Individuals with a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) who has schizophrenia have a 10 percent chance of developing the disorder, as opposed to the 1 percent chance of the general population. -Strong evidence exists for a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia, although the specific genes involved and their roles in creating the disposition are still unknown. -The more closely one is related to a person diagnosed with schizo, the greater is the likelihood of developing the disorder during one’s lifetime. (EXAMPLE; SIBLINGS IS MERON IS WALA, IN TIME NAGKARON NA UNG WALA)
17. -Brain scans have indicated a number of structural abnormalities in the brains of schizophrenic patients. -Destruction of neural tissue can cause schizophrenia. Enlarged brain ventricles are seen in some schizophrenics, indicating a deficit in the volume of brain tissue. -There is also evidence of abnormally low activity in the frontal lobe, the area of the brain responsible for planning, reasoning, and decision-making. -Some studies also suggest that abnormalities in the temporal lobes, hippocampus, and amygdala are connected to schizophrenia’s positive symptoms. -But despite the evidence of brain abnormalities, it is highly unlikely that schizophrenia is the result of any one problem in any one region of the brain. -The prefrontal cortex plays important roles in language, emotional expression, planning & producing new ideas, & mediating social interactions. Thus, it seems logical that people whose prefrontal cortex is unusually small or inactive would show a wide range of deficits in cognition, emotion, & social interaction, as people with schizophrenia do. -Second, people with schizo have enlarged ventricles & fluid-filled spaces in the brain.
18. -Dopamine, a major excitatory neurotransmitter, may play a key role in schizophrenia. -According to the Dopamine hypothesis, the symptoms of schizophrenia- particularly positive symptoms- are produced by overactivity of the dopamine system in areas of the brain that regulate emotional expression, motivated behavior , and cognitive functioning. -Experiences of people diagnosed with schizophrenia result from either an excess of dopamine, or from the receptors at neuronal synapses being supersensitive to normal amounts of dopamine. -This theory suggests that at least some of the experiences of schizophrenia may result from excess activity in those parts of the brain controlled by dopamine.
19. Some cognitive theorists believe that people with schizophrenias have a defect in the attentional mechanism that filters out irrelevant stimuli, so that they are overwhelmed by both internal and external stimuli. Although it is clear that stressful events cannot cause a person to develop the full syndrome of schizo. This type of stress that has received the most attention in recent studies is family- related stress. Members of families that are high in expressed emotion are overinvolved with one another, overprotective of disturbed family member, & at the same time, critical, hostile, & resentful toward the disturbed member. Being in a family with high levels of expressed emotion may create stresses that trigger new episodes of psychotic by overwhelming the schizophrenic person’s ability to cope.