4. Sensation versus Perception
Sensation Perception
? The process through which information
is received from the environment and
sensed through our sense organs.
? It does not involve meaningful
interpretation.
? It is a physical process.
? Sense organs are primarily involved.
? It is not much influenced by
maturation and learning.
? The process through which the received
information is made sense of by the
brain.
? It does involve meaningful
interpretation.
? It is a higher order cognitive process.
? Brain plays the primary role.
? It is much influenced by maturation,
learning, and experience.
5. Sensation or Perception?
1. Feeling your phone vibrate in your pocket
2. Recognizing your favorite song on the radio
3. Tasting sweetness when eating a piece of candy
4. Identifying the smell of freshly baked bread
5. Seeing a bright flash of light
6. Reading a road sign while driving
7. Feeling pain when touching a hot stove
8. Hearing a loud bang
9. Noticing that an object is moving towards you
10.Feeling hungry
6. Sensation or Perception?
11. Distinguishing between different musical instruments in a song
12. Sensing the temperature drop as you enter an air-conditioned room
13. Recognizing a face in a crowd
14. Realizing the day is very hot while stepping out
15. Detecting a bitter taste in medicine
16. Seeing the color red
17. Understanding spoken words in your native language
18. Feeling fabric texture when touching clothing
19. Hearing a high-pitched ringing sound
20. Perceiving depth in a 3D movie
7. How do we identify?
Sensations:
¡ñ Feeling your phone vibrate in your pocket
¡ñ Tasting sweetness when eating a piece of candy
¡ñ Seeing a bright flash of light
¡ñ Feeling pain when touching a hot stove
¡ñ Hearing a loud bang
¡ñ Feeling hungry
¡ñ Sensing the temperature drop as you enter an air-conditioned room
¡ñ Detecting a bitter taste in medicine
¡ñ Seeing the color red
¡ñ Feeling fabric texture when touching clothing
¡ñ Hearing a high-pitched ringing sound
8. How do we identify?
Sensations:
¡ñ Feeling your phone vibrate in your pocket
¡ñ Tasting sweetness when eating a piece of candy
¡ñ Seeing a bright flash of light
¡ñ Feeling pain when touching a hot stove
¡ñ Hearing a loud bang
¡ñ Feeling hungry
¡ñ Sensing the temperature drop as you enter an air-conditioned room
¡ñ Detecting a bitter taste in medicine
¡ñ Seeing the color red
¡ñ Feeling fabric texture when touching clothing
¡ñ Hearing a high-pitched ringing sound
9. Perceptions:
¡ñ Recognizing your favorite song on the radio
¡ñ Identifying the smell of freshly baked bread
¡ñ Reading a road sign while driving
¡ñ Noticing that an object is moving towards you
¡ñ Distinguishing between different musical instruments in a song
¡ñ Recognizing a face in a crowd
¡ñ Realizing the day is very hot while stepping out
¡ñ Understanding spoken words in your native language
¡ñ Perceiving depth in a 3D movie
10. Perceptions:
¡ñ Recognizing your favorite song on the radio
¡ñ Identifying the smell of freshly baked bread
¡ñ Reading a road sign while driving
¡ñ Noticing that an object is moving towards you
¡ñ Distinguishing between different musical instruments in a song
¡ñ Recognizing a face in a crowd
¡ñ Realizing the day is very hot while stepping out
¡ñ Understanding spoken words in your native language
¡ñ Perceiving depth in a 3D movie
12. Bottom-up Top-down
? It involves taking in raw sensory
information from the environment and
processing it without relying on prior
knowledge or expectations
? Data or stimulus driven
? Uses elementary details of sensory
input and gradually builds upto higher
level perception and understanding
? It uses higher level cognitive processes
such as expectations and prior
knowledge to influence the
interpretation of incoming stimuli
? Knowledge or concept driven
? Uses mental models to make sense of
ambiguous or incomplete sensory
inputs by inferring missing details
23. "Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in
waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are..."
"The cat ssat on the mat."
Can you read this?
24. Can you recognize these internet abbreviations?
idk
ngl
tbh
afaik
iykyk
asap
imo/imho
jsyk
fr fr
rn
fyi
irl
icymi
omw
#12:
Definition: This type of processing is data-driven. It starts with the sensory input¡ªthe raw data from the environment. Our brain processes this information from the most basic, low-level features (e.g., shapes, colors, sounds) to build up a complete perception.
Example: Imagine you are seeing an object for the first time. Your eyes detect specific features¡ªsuch as edges, colors, and movement. Your brain then assembles these individual pieces of sensory information to recognize that the object is, for instance, a tree. This is bottom-up processing because your perception is built from the ground up, based solely on the sensory data available.
Definition: This type of processing is concept-driven. It relies on our existing knowledge, experiences, and expectations to interpret sensory information. Instead of starting from the raw data, our brain uses what it already knows to make sense of incoming stimuli.
Example: If you were to see a vague, blurry image that somewhat resembles a tree, your brain might quickly recognize it as a tree based on your previous experiences and the context (e.g., if you¡¯re in a forest). This is top-down processing because your brain is filling in the gaps based on expectations rather than purely relying on the sensory input.
#20: When learning to read, children often sound out each letter and word slowly, piece by piece, to understand the meaning. They process the letters and sounds before forming words and sentences.
#22: Our knowledge of common phrases and words allows us to fill in the blanks. Most people can read this easily because their brains use context and expectation to fill in the gaps.
#23: As an experienced reader, you can quickly read and understand sentences without focusing on every individual letter because your brain predicts what the words should be based on context.
When we encounter misspelled words, our brain often automatically corrects them. Most readers will unconsciously correct "ssat" to "sat" without even noticing the error.
Ability to read bad handwriting.
#24: Discuss how top-down processing is influenced by context, past experiences, and expectations, leading to faster but sometimes less accurate perceptions. In contrast, bottom-up processing, although slower, builds perception from the sensory data up and is often more accurate when dealing with unfamiliar stimuli.
Highlight real-world implications, such as how experienced professionals in certain fields (e.g., doctors, musicians) rely heavily on top-down processing due to their extensive background knowledge.
