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Shortness Of Breath

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Akmal Shah
Akmal Shah

This document provides information on evaluating and diagnosing shortness of breath. It lists various potential causes of shortness of breath including cardiac, lung, anatomical, trauma, and other issues. Specific conditions that could cause wheezing, stridor, crepitations, or a clear chest are identified. The speed of onset can help determine if the underlying cause is acute, subacute, or chronic. Guidelines for triaging patients with shortness of breath into green, yellow, or red zones based on dyspnea and oxygen saturation are also provided. The evaluation involves assessing severity, examining the chest, providing oxygen support if needed, and getting a chest x-ray.

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JOHNEY SAPIT ASSISTANT MEDICAL OFFICER EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
Unpleasant sensation of difficulty in breathing. An increase in breathing occurs normally during exercise and a high altitudes. Breathing is also increased at rest people with many illness,whether of the lungs or of the other parts of the body.
Shortness of breath may be due to; Cardiac eg.mitral stenosis or left ventricular failure of any causes. Lung both airway and interstitial disease. Anatomical diseases of the chest wall, muscles or pluera. Trauma pneumothorax, haemothorax Others thyrotoxicosis, ketoacidosis, aspirin poisoning, anaemia, psychogenic.
Wheezing? Asthma COPD Heart failure Anaphylaxis
Stridor? ( Upper airway obstruction ) Foreign body or tumour Acute epiglottis Anaphylaxis Trauma, eg. Laryngeal fracture Creapitations? Heart failure Pneumonia Bronchiectasis Fibrosis
Chest clear? Pulmonary embolism Hyperventilation Metabolic acidosis eg. DKA Shock ( may cause air hunger ) Central causes Others Pneumothorax pain, increased resonance Plueral effusion stony dullness
Speed of onset helps diagnosis; Acute Foreign body Pneumothorax Acute asthma Pulmonary embolus Acute pulmonary oedema
Subacute Asthma Parenchymal disease - eg. alveolitis, effusions, pneumonia Chronic COPD and chronic parenchymal diseases Non-respiratory causes eg. Cardiac failure, anaemia
Green Zone Yellow Zone Red Zone - Acute exacerbation - Dyspnoea < 25 - Dyspnoea of Bronchial asthma per min saturation < 95% and ( mild to moderate ) respiration of 25 - Dyspnoea with per min - Hyperventiletion saturation of >95% able to walk and respiration rate - Patient with airway of 20 25 per min compromise eg. gasping severe - Hyperventilation & maxillofacial injuries unable to walk & comatosed patient - Severe asthma & COAD
- Assess severity and examine the chest * auscultation, percussion - General measures * oxygen support may help if saturation is < 90% * chest x ray
THANK YOU
Shortness Of Breath

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Shortness Of Breath

  • 1. JOHNEY SAPIT ASSISTANT MEDICAL OFFICER EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL
  • 2. Unpleasant sensation of difficulty in breathing. An increase in breathing occurs normally during exercise and a high altitudes. Breathing is also increased at rest people with many illness,whether of the lungs or of the other parts of the body.
  • 3. Shortness of breath may be due to; Cardiac eg.mitral stenosis or left ventricular failure of any causes. Lung both airway and interstitial disease. Anatomical diseases of the chest wall, muscles or pluera. Trauma pneumothorax, haemothorax Others thyrotoxicosis, ketoacidosis, aspirin poisoning, anaemia, psychogenic.
  • 4. Wheezing? Asthma COPD Heart failure Anaphylaxis
  • 5. Stridor? ( Upper airway obstruction ) Foreign body or tumour Acute epiglottis Anaphylaxis Trauma, eg. Laryngeal fracture Creapitations? Heart failure Pneumonia Bronchiectasis Fibrosis
  • 6. Chest clear? Pulmonary embolism Hyperventilation Metabolic acidosis eg. DKA Shock ( may cause air hunger ) Central causes Others Pneumothorax pain, increased resonance Plueral effusion stony dullness
  • 7. Speed of onset helps diagnosis; Acute Foreign body Pneumothorax Acute asthma Pulmonary embolus Acute pulmonary oedema
  • 8. Subacute Asthma Parenchymal disease - eg. alveolitis, effusions, pneumonia Chronic COPD and chronic parenchymal diseases Non-respiratory causes eg. Cardiac failure, anaemia
  • 9. Green Zone Yellow Zone Red Zone - Acute exacerbation - Dyspnoea < 25 - Dyspnoea of Bronchial asthma per min saturation < 95% and ( mild to moderate ) respiration of 25 - Dyspnoea with per min - Hyperventiletion saturation of >95% able to walk and respiration rate - Patient with airway of 20 25 per min compromise eg. gasping severe - Hyperventilation & maxillofacial injuries unable to walk & comatosed patient - Severe asthma & COAD
  • 10. - Assess severity and examine the chest * auscultation, percussion - General measures * oxygen support may help if saturation is < 90% * chest x ray