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Manuel L. Quezon was the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines during the Japanese occupation of the Philippines in World War 2. As the Japanese invasion intensified, Quezon and key members of his cabinet were evacuated to Corregidor by the U.S. military. From there, Quezon was eventually evacuated again to Australia for his safety. Under Japanese rule, a new government was established to rule the Philippines headed by Jorge B. Vargas. The Japanese implemented policies to promote Japanese culture and ideology in the occupied Philippines, including reopening schools with a new pro-Japanese educational curriculum.

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Manuel L. Quezon is the President of the Commonwealth. He is a very sick man and the sufferings of the people increased his worries which contributed to his physical breakdown.
Thousands were affected by the bombings and bullets so General MacArthur planned to retreat to Bataan Peninsula to save his army and to hold back the Japanese. Quezon was ordered to save his army and take their military units to Bataan was carried out masterfully. December 24, 1941 MacArthur finally informed Quezon that they will leave for Corregidor. Quezon called the last meeting of his Cabinet and informed them about the decision to hole up in Corregidor.
Jose Abad Santos Sergio Osme単a Basilio Valdes Colonel Manuel Nieto They were chosen to accompany Quezon to Corregidor.
Jose Abad Santos Sergio Osme単a Colonel Manuel NietoBasilio Valdez
As Quezon and his party were supposed to leave, Japanese bombers were still hitting the Port Area in Manila. The S.S. Mayon took Quezons party to Corregidor. December 30, 1941 Quezon took his oath as the President of the Commonwealth.
S.S. Mayon
MacArthurs retreat to Bataan was a brilliant maneuver. General Masaharu Homma, Japanese commander-in-chief, failed in his attempt to encircle the USSAFE. MacArthur succeeded in keeping his army intact and well coordinated.
The Japanese Imperial Command subjugate the Philippines as their strategy to immediately conquest the other parts of Asia. The heroic defense of the Filipino-American troops in Bataan irritated the Japanese. As a result, the Japanese returned to attack but the Bataan line held heroically. The Japanese asked the Filipino soldiers to surrender but they ignored the Japanese propaganda.
Demoralization was the effect to Bataan and it leads the USSAFE to disintegrate under the pressure of continued enemy attacks. Mid-March 1942 Supply of foods become light which leads to malnutrition. Diarrhea, malaria, and avitaminosis(lack of vitamins) are the other problems at that time. The United States and Great Britain agreed on the Europe-First Policy.
At that time, the men suffering from the rigors of war began too lose hope because of the poor supply of medicines. March 11, 1942 President Roosevelt left for Australia and become the commander of USSAFE. February 18, 1942 President Quezon had earlier left for Australia and picked up by the submarine Swordfish.
Submarine Swordfish
April 9, 1942 General Edward P. King, commander of the forces on Bataan, surrendered. 78,000 of General Kings forces were included in the surrender negotiation while around 2,000 escaped to Corregidor and to the surrounding provinces. Kings surrender was an individual and not the surrender of the entire USSAFE force that ended the Battle of Bataan which resounded throughout the world.
Those Filipino-American troops who surrender were forced to march from Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga. And those who could not march because of physical weakness were shot down. The forced march has been called Death March. In Capaz, the prisoners were huddled together like animals, hungry and sick.
Socsci
Corregidor was subjected to intense fire that cause the enemy bombings to be continuous day and night. May 6, 1942 General Wainwright addressed a message to General Homma, through the Voice of Freedom, offering to surrender. General Wainwright said that only the men under him will surrender but Homma insisted on the surrender of all. The fall of the Philippines was now complete.
January 3, 1942 A day after Manila became an occupied city, General Masaharu Homma, Commander-in- Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces, announced the end of American occupation. During the first month of Japanese occupation, the status of the provinces remained the same as during the Commonwealth years.
January 23, 1942 Homma declared Jorge B. Vargas as the Chairman of the Executive Commission. The national government was re-named as the Central Administrative Organization, composed of six departments: Interior; Finance; Justice; Agriculture and Commerce; Education, Health and Public Welfare; and Public Works and Communications. The departments was headed by a Commissioner. January 29, 1942 Council of State was created as an advisory body.
CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION Chairman of the Executive Commission Interior Justice Finance Agriculture and Commerce Education, Health And Public Welfare Public Works and Communications JAPANESE ADVISERS Council of State
February 17, 1942 Military Order No.2; Japanese Educational Policy -propagation of Filipino culture -dissemination of the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere -spiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos teaching and propagation of Nippongo
-diffusion of vocational and elementary education -promotion of love labor The motive behind the educational policy was not only to create an atmosphere friendly to Japanese intentions and war aims, but also to erase the Western cultural influences.
The Japanese Commander-in-Chief instructed the Commissioner of Education, Health and Public Welfare to reopen the schools to support the new educational policy. Priority was given to the reopening of elementary schools. Next to the elementary schools priority was given to the re-opening of vocational and normal schools, and those institutions of higher giving courses. Japanese military authorities did not reopen the law degree courses because they thought lawyers were useless.
March 31, 1942 Re-opening of public elementary schools beginning in June 1942. The total enrolled in elementary grades as of March 1943 was 267,977. October 14, 1943 Proclamation of the Japanese-sponsored Republic
President Jose P. Laurel added the fundamental principle of militant nationalism and encouraged the propagation of Tagalog as the national language by using it as the official language. He also required that majority of the governing board of any school, college or university be Filipino citizens.

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  • 1. Manuel L. Quezon is the President of the Commonwealth. He is a very sick man and the sufferings of the people increased his worries which contributed to his physical breakdown.
  • 2. Thousands were affected by the bombings and bullets so General MacArthur planned to retreat to Bataan Peninsula to save his army and to hold back the Japanese. Quezon was ordered to save his army and take their military units to Bataan was carried out masterfully. December 24, 1941 MacArthur finally informed Quezon that they will leave for Corregidor. Quezon called the last meeting of his Cabinet and informed them about the decision to hole up in Corregidor.
  • 3. Jose Abad Santos Sergio Osme単a Basilio Valdes Colonel Manuel Nieto They were chosen to accompany Quezon to Corregidor.
  • 4. Jose Abad Santos Sergio Osme単a Colonel Manuel NietoBasilio Valdez
  • 5. As Quezon and his party were supposed to leave, Japanese bombers were still hitting the Port Area in Manila. The S.S. Mayon took Quezons party to Corregidor. December 30, 1941 Quezon took his oath as the President of the Commonwealth.
  • 7. MacArthurs retreat to Bataan was a brilliant maneuver. General Masaharu Homma, Japanese commander-in-chief, failed in his attempt to encircle the USSAFE. MacArthur succeeded in keeping his army intact and well coordinated.
  • 8. The Japanese Imperial Command subjugate the Philippines as their strategy to immediately conquest the other parts of Asia. The heroic defense of the Filipino-American troops in Bataan irritated the Japanese. As a result, the Japanese returned to attack but the Bataan line held heroically. The Japanese asked the Filipino soldiers to surrender but they ignored the Japanese propaganda.
  • 9. Demoralization was the effect to Bataan and it leads the USSAFE to disintegrate under the pressure of continued enemy attacks. Mid-March 1942 Supply of foods become light which leads to malnutrition. Diarrhea, malaria, and avitaminosis(lack of vitamins) are the other problems at that time. The United States and Great Britain agreed on the Europe-First Policy.
  • 10. At that time, the men suffering from the rigors of war began too lose hope because of the poor supply of medicines. March 11, 1942 President Roosevelt left for Australia and become the commander of USSAFE. February 18, 1942 President Quezon had earlier left for Australia and picked up by the submarine Swordfish.
  • 12. April 9, 1942 General Edward P. King, commander of the forces on Bataan, surrendered. 78,000 of General Kings forces were included in the surrender negotiation while around 2,000 escaped to Corregidor and to the surrounding provinces. Kings surrender was an individual and not the surrender of the entire USSAFE force that ended the Battle of Bataan which resounded throughout the world.
  • 13. Those Filipino-American troops who surrender were forced to march from Bataan to San Fernando, Pampanga. And those who could not march because of physical weakness were shot down. The forced march has been called Death March. In Capaz, the prisoners were huddled together like animals, hungry and sick.
  • 15. Corregidor was subjected to intense fire that cause the enemy bombings to be continuous day and night. May 6, 1942 General Wainwright addressed a message to General Homma, through the Voice of Freedom, offering to surrender. General Wainwright said that only the men under him will surrender but Homma insisted on the surrender of all. The fall of the Philippines was now complete.
  • 16. January 3, 1942 A day after Manila became an occupied city, General Masaharu Homma, Commander-in- Chief of the Japanese Imperial Forces, announced the end of American occupation. During the first month of Japanese occupation, the status of the provinces remained the same as during the Commonwealth years.
  • 17. January 23, 1942 Homma declared Jorge B. Vargas as the Chairman of the Executive Commission. The national government was re-named as the Central Administrative Organization, composed of six departments: Interior; Finance; Justice; Agriculture and Commerce; Education, Health and Public Welfare; and Public Works and Communications. The departments was headed by a Commissioner. January 29, 1942 Council of State was created as an advisory body.
  • 18. CENTRAL ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION Chairman of the Executive Commission Interior Justice Finance Agriculture and Commerce Education, Health And Public Welfare Public Works and Communications JAPANESE ADVISERS Council of State
  • 19. February 17, 1942 Military Order No.2; Japanese Educational Policy -propagation of Filipino culture -dissemination of the principle of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere -spiritual rejuvenation of the Filipinos teaching and propagation of Nippongo
  • 20. -diffusion of vocational and elementary education -promotion of love labor The motive behind the educational policy was not only to create an atmosphere friendly to Japanese intentions and war aims, but also to erase the Western cultural influences.
  • 21. The Japanese Commander-in-Chief instructed the Commissioner of Education, Health and Public Welfare to reopen the schools to support the new educational policy. Priority was given to the reopening of elementary schools. Next to the elementary schools priority was given to the re-opening of vocational and normal schools, and those institutions of higher giving courses. Japanese military authorities did not reopen the law degree courses because they thought lawyers were useless.
  • 22. March 31, 1942 Re-opening of public elementary schools beginning in June 1942. The total enrolled in elementary grades as of March 1943 was 267,977. October 14, 1943 Proclamation of the Japanese-sponsored Republic
  • 23. President Jose P. Laurel added the fundamental principle of militant nationalism and encouraged the propagation of Tagalog as the national language by using it as the official language. He also required that majority of the governing board of any school, college or university be Filipino citizens.