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SPE 4602 Teknologi Pembuatan

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Loi Cheong
Loi Cheong

Laser beam welding was developed from research on masers and lasers in the 1950s and 1960s. It uses a concentrated laser beam to join metal parts. The high energy density of the laser beam allows for precise, automated welding with high speeds and quality. Laser beam welding is used widely in industries like electronics, automotive, and food processing due to advantages like control, speed, and reproducibility.

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SPE 4602 TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN LASER BEAM WELDING PENSYARAH : DR AMIRMUDIN BIN UDIN PELAJAR : LOI FOO CHEONG
History of Laser Beam Welding ? 1917 Postulate of stimulated emission by Einstein ? 1950 Physical basics and realisation of a maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) by Townes, Prokhorov, Basov ? 1954 Construction of the first maser ? 1960 Construction of the first ruby laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) ? 1961 Manufacturing of the first HeNe lasers and Nd: glass lasers ? 1962 development of the first semiconductor lasers ? 1964 Nobel price for Towens, Prokhorov and Basov for their works in the field of masers construction of the first Nd:YAG solid state lasers and CO gas lasers ? 1966 Established laser emission on organic dyes since increased application of CO and solid state laser ? 1970 Technologies in industry ? 1975 First applications of laser beam cutting in sheet fabrication industry ? 1983 Introduction into the market of 1-kW-CO lasers ? 1984 First applications of laser beam welding in industrial serial production
Laser Beam Welding (EBW) ? Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a welding process which produces coalescence of metals with the heat obtained from a concentrated beam composed primarily of high- velocity electrons impinging upon the surface to be joined. ? Heat is generated in the work piece as it is bombarded by a dense stream of high- velocity electrons. Virtually all of the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact.
Schematic Layout of Laser Beam Welding
Characteristics of Laser Beams Welding ? A high energy concentration in the focal point of the electron beam. ? Welding in vacuum leads to a special purity of the welded seam and to the minimization of weld defects. ? Automated welding in vacuum with electrically well controllable welding parameters guarantees a high reproducibility of the weld quality. ? The high power density of the electron beam allows working with very high welding speeds. ? The high welding speeds and the favorable total efficiency allow high productivity with relatively low energy
Penetration Depths & Welding Speed
The Application Industry for Laser Beam Source : H Schultz (2000). Laser Beam Welding. Abington Publishing
Industrial Application
Temperature During Laser Beam Welding
Weldding Defect ? Undercuts/Overlaps ? Grain Growth ? A wide ?T will exist between base metal and HAZ. Preheating and cooling methods will affect the brittleness of the metal in this region ? Blowholes ? Are cavities caused by gas entrapment during the solidification of the weld puddle. Prevented by proper weld technique (even temperature and speed)
Weldding Defect ? Inclusions ? Impurities or foreign substances which are forced into the weld puddle during the welding process. Has the same effect as a crack. Prevented by proper technique/cleanliness. ? Segregation ? Condition where some regions of the metal are enriched with an alloy ingredient and others aren¡¯t. Can be prevented by proper heat treatment and cooling. ? Porosity ? The formation of tiny pinholes generated by atmospheric contamination. Prevented by keeping a protective shield over the molten weld puddle.
Advantages of Laser Beam Welding
Disdvantages of Laser Beam Welding
Conclusion ? Laser beam welding opens up many opportunities for designing and economically joining machine parts. Various branches of industry, which use laser beam welding include electronics, automotive, and food processing.

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SPE 4602 Teknologi Pembuatan

  • 1. SPE 4602 TEKNOLOGI PEMBUATAN LASER BEAM WELDING PENSYARAH : DR AMIRMUDIN BIN UDIN PELAJAR : LOI FOO CHEONG
  • 2. History of Laser Beam Welding ? 1917 Postulate of stimulated emission by Einstein ? 1950 Physical basics and realisation of a maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) by Townes, Prokhorov, Basov ? 1954 Construction of the first maser ? 1960 Construction of the first ruby laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) ? 1961 Manufacturing of the first HeNe lasers and Nd: glass lasers ? 1962 development of the first semiconductor lasers ? 1964 Nobel price for Towens, Prokhorov and Basov for their works in the field of masers construction of the first Nd:YAG solid state lasers and CO gas lasers ? 1966 Established laser emission on organic dyes since increased application of CO and solid state laser ? 1970 Technologies in industry ? 1975 First applications of laser beam cutting in sheet fabrication industry ? 1983 Introduction into the market of 1-kW-CO lasers ? 1984 First applications of laser beam welding in industrial serial production
  • 3. Laser Beam Welding (EBW) ? Electron Beam Welding (EBW) is a welding process which produces coalescence of metals with the heat obtained from a concentrated beam composed primarily of high- velocity electrons impinging upon the surface to be joined. ? Heat is generated in the work piece as it is bombarded by a dense stream of high- velocity electrons. Virtually all of the kinetic energy of the electrons is transformed into heat upon impact.
  • 4. Schematic Layout of Laser Beam Welding
  • 5. Characteristics of Laser Beams Welding ? A high energy concentration in the focal point of the electron beam. ? Welding in vacuum leads to a special purity of the welded seam and to the minimization of weld defects. ? Automated welding in vacuum with electrically well controllable welding parameters guarantees a high reproducibility of the weld quality. ? The high power density of the electron beam allows working with very high welding speeds. ? The high welding speeds and the favorable total efficiency allow high productivity with relatively low energy
  • 6. Penetration Depths & Welding Speed
  • 7. The Application Industry for Laser Beam Source : H Schultz (2000). Laser Beam Welding. Abington Publishing
  • 10. Weldding Defect ? Undercuts/Overlaps ? Grain Growth ? A wide ?T will exist between base metal and HAZ. Preheating and cooling methods will affect the brittleness of the metal in this region ? Blowholes ? Are cavities caused by gas entrapment during the solidification of the weld puddle. Prevented by proper weld technique (even temperature and speed)
  • 11. Weldding Defect ? Inclusions ? Impurities or foreign substances which are forced into the weld puddle during the welding process. Has the same effect as a crack. Prevented by proper technique/cleanliness. ? Segregation ? Condition where some regions of the metal are enriched with an alloy ingredient and others aren¡¯t. Can be prevented by proper heat treatment and cooling. ? Porosity ? The formation of tiny pinholes generated by atmospheric contamination. Prevented by keeping a protective shield over the molten weld puddle.
  • 12. Advantages of Laser Beam Welding
  • 13. Disdvantages of Laser Beam Welding
  • 14. Conclusion ? Laser beam welding opens up many opportunities for designing and economically joining machine parts. Various branches of industry, which use laser beam welding include electronics, automotive, and food processing.