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Tesl 1034 literature

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Aida Ibrahim

This document provides an overview of key literary elements found in short stories, including theme, issue, plot, plot techniques, characters, setting, point of view, and literary devices. It defines theme as the main idea the writer aims to convey, and issue as something closely related to the theme that readers can relate to in their own lives. Plot is explained through its standard elements of exposition, inciting force, conflict, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution. Character types like protagonists and antagonists are also outlined. The document concludes with definitions of common literary devices such as metaphor, imagery, hyperbole, and onomatopoeia.

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TESL 1034 : LITERATURE LITERARY ELEMENTS IN SHORT STORY THEME Theme is the main idea that the writer wants to convey to us as the reader through her or his writing. There are a lot of themes that we can find in a short story but there is only one main theme that plays in the whole short story. In Malaysian literature, themes that apply in the short story reflect and define the society in Malaysia. The most common theme used in short story is love. This is because the theme love is much more easier to be delivered and close to the society heart. ISSUE Issue can be closely related to the theme that the writer apply in the same short story. In one theme, there are lots of issue that the reader can relate with their real life. For example in the short story ‘Everything’s Arranged’ by Siew Yue Kilingly the issue that we can derive from the theme arranged marriage is the forbidden relationship between man and woman before marriage. Generally, no matter in what culture you are ,it is strictly prohibited for a woman THEME ISSUE PLOT PLOT TECHNIQUES CHARACTERS SETTING POINT OF VIEW LITERARY DEVICES
having relationship with a guy unless the guy is recommended by the woman family ,since parents believe that they know who is the perfect choice for their daughter. PLOT Conflict in a fiction is presented in structured format called plot. In a story plot, there are a few elements that you must know. The elements are exposition, foreshadowing, inciting force, conflict, rising action, crisis, climax, falling action and resolution. Exposition * the introduction of the story to give the readers the rough background of the story. For example, setting, characteristics of the character and etc. Foreshadowing * hints to what will happen later in a story Inciting force *anything that will trigger the conflict.For example the event or character. Conflict * The interesting part in a fiction that creates plot. The conflict can be identified as one in four kinds.(Man vs man,man vs nature, man vs society, man vs self) Rising action * A series of events that happen due to the conflict that begin with inciting force and ends with climax. Crisis *Crisis also known as the turning point. At this point, the conflict become worse. Crisis can occurs before or at the same time as the climax. Climax *Climax is the result of the crisis.This is where the moments of highest interest and emotion for the reader,which is the point where the outcome of the story is predicted. Falling action *Events that close the story Resolution or Denouement *The conclusion of the story
PLOT TECHNIQUES - To make the story become interesting by having a variety of techniques in that story and also to prevent the reader from being bored with the writer style of writing. • To make the reader feels the excitementin the short story and eagers to know what will happen next. SUSPENSE • To let the reader know further about something in the short story by knowing the vivid memory of the character. FLASHBACK • To give clues to the reader on what will happen later in the story FORESHADOWING DIALOGUE FREYTAG .To make the conversation that happen in the short story much more clearer.
CHARACTERS -In short story, there are main and minor character -Main character always be the three dimensional character who has good and bad qualities. The goals, ambitions and values of the character change. -Minor character always be the two dimensional character who has only one or two striking qualities and the predominant quality of the character is not balanced by an opposite quality. Protagonist •The main character in the story Antagonist •The villain character in the short story who has the opposite characteristics with the protagonist Flat •The character that has the same value from the beginning of the story till the end. Round •The character that complex and undergo developments due to what happens to the character Dynamic •The character that undergoes internal changes as a result of what happens to the character. Static •The character that do not change in the course of the story Foil •A character who is contrast to the protagonist
SETTINGS POINT OF VIEW TIME The time when the events in the story happen, for example in the afternoon. PLACE The place where the events in the story take place, for example in the restaurant. CIRCUMTANCES The circumtances of the event,for example the weather. PHYSICAL DETAILS Physical details that is applied in the story.The physical appearance ofthe character, for example the costumes. FIRST PERSON •The narrator himself be one of the character in the short story. •the writer cannot tell us thoughts of other character. THIRD PERSON OBJECTIVE •The narrator as the outsider who give report on what he sees and hears . •The writer cannot tells the reader the thoughts of the character THIRD PERSON LIMITED •The narrator acts as an outsider who sees the mind of one of the character in the short story. OMNISCIENT  The narrator acts as an outsiders who can enter the minds of many characters
LITERARY DEVICES Here are a few of literary devices used in a short story: Comparision between two unlikely things Example The road was a ribbon of moonlight . METAPHOR A concrete representation of feeling, ideas and impression Example glittering white, the blanket of snow covered everything in sight. https://www.thinglink.co m/scene/57794975569 5431680 IMAGERY a statement that has been exaggerated to heighten effect. Example We are so poor, we don't have two cents to rub together. HYPERBOLE the words sound like they are mean water plops into pond ONOMATOPOEIA
non living things representing human quality Example The leaves waved in the wind PERSONIFICATION Expresses the resemblence between two different things Example cute as a kitten SIMILE

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Tesl 1034 literature

  • 1. TESL 1034 : LITERATURE LITERARY ELEMENTS IN SHORT STORY THEME Theme is the main idea that the writer wants to convey to us as the reader through her or his writing. There are a lot of themes that we can find in a short story but there is only one main theme that plays in the whole short story. In Malaysian literature, themes that apply in the short story reflect and define the society in Malaysia. The most common theme used in short story is love. This is because the theme love is much more easier to be delivered and close to the society heart. ISSUE Issue can be closely related to the theme that the writer apply in the same short story. In one theme, there are lots of issue that the reader can relate with their real life. For example in the short story ‘Everything’s Arranged’ by Siew Yue Kilingly the issue that we can derive from the theme arranged marriage is the forbidden relationship between man and woman before marriage. Generally, no matter in what culture you are ,it is strictly prohibited for a woman THEME ISSUE PLOT PLOT TECHNIQUES CHARACTERS SETTING POINT OF VIEW LITERARY DEVICES
  • 2. having relationship with a guy unless the guy is recommended by the woman family ,since parents believe that they know who is the perfect choice for their daughter. PLOT Conflict in a fiction is presented in structured format called plot. In a story plot, there are a few elements that you must know. The elements are exposition, foreshadowing, inciting force, conflict, rising action, crisis, climax, falling action and resolution. Exposition * the introduction of the story to give the readers the rough background of the story. For example, setting, characteristics of the character and etc. Foreshadowing * hints to what will happen later in a story Inciting force *anything that will trigger the conflict.For example the event or character. Conflict * The interesting part in a fiction that creates plot. The conflict can be identified as one in four kinds.(Man vs man,man vs nature, man vs society, man vs self) Rising action * A series of events that happen due to the conflict that begin with inciting force and ends with climax. Crisis *Crisis also known as the turning point. At this point, the conflict become worse. Crisis can occurs before or at the same time as the climax. Climax *Climax is the result of the crisis.This is where the moments of highest interest and emotion for the reader,which is the point where the outcome of the story is predicted. Falling action *Events that close the story Resolution or Denouement *The conclusion of the story
  • 3. PLOT TECHNIQUES - To make the story become interesting by having a variety of techniques in that story and also to prevent the reader from being bored with the writer style of writing. • To make the reader feels the excitementin the short story and eagers to know what will happen next. SUSPENSE • To let the reader know further about something in the short story by knowing the vivid memory of the character. FLASHBACK • To give clues to the reader on what will happen later in the story FORESHADOWING DIALOGUE FREYTAG .To make the conversation that happen in the short story much more clearer.
  • 4. CHARACTERS -In short story, there are main and minor character -Main character always be the three dimensional character who has good and bad qualities. The goals, ambitions and values of the character change. -Minor character always be the two dimensional character who has only one or two striking qualities and the predominant quality of the character is not balanced by an opposite quality. Protagonist •The main character in the story Antagonist •The villain character in the short story who has the opposite characteristics with the protagonist Flat •The character that has the same value from the beginning of the story till the end. Round •The character that complex and undergo developments due to what happens to the character Dynamic •The character that undergoes internal changes as a result of what happens to the character. Static •The character that do not change in the course of the story Foil •A character who is contrast to the protagonist
  • 5. SETTINGS POINT OF VIEW TIME The time when the events in the story happen, for example in the afternoon. PLACE The place where the events in the story take place, for example in the restaurant. CIRCUMTANCES The circumtances of the event,for example the weather. PHYSICAL DETAILS Physical details that is applied in the story.The physical appearance ofthe character, for example the costumes. FIRST PERSON •The narrator himself be one of the character in the short story. •the writer cannot tell us thoughts of other character. THIRD PERSON OBJECTIVE •The narrator as the outsider who give report on what he sees and hears . •The writer cannot tells the reader the thoughts of the character THIRD PERSON LIMITED •The narrator acts as an outsider who sees the mind of one of the character in the short story. OMNISCIENT ï‚· The narrator acts as an outsiders who can enter the minds of many characters
  • 6. LITERARY DEVICES Here are a few of literary devices used in a short story: Comparision between two unlikely things Example The road was a ribbon of moonlight . METAPHOR A concrete representation of feeling, ideas and impression Example glittering white, the blanket of snow covered everything in sight. https://www.thinglink.co m/scene/57794975569 5431680 IMAGERY a statement that has been exaggerated to heighten effect. Example We are so poor, we don't have two cents to rub together. HYPERBOLE the words sound like they are mean water plops into pond ONOMATOPOEIA
  • 7. non living things representing human quality Example The leaves waved in the wind PERSONIFICATION Expresses the resemblence between two different things Example cute as a kitten SIMILE