Umlando wemibhalo yesi zulu
- 2. Umlando wemibhalo yesizulu uhlukene izigaba ezinhlanu. Kukhona isikhathi esingaphambi kokuthi kufike abeLungu, nesingathi kusadliwa ngoludala. Isikhathi samamishini, isikhathi sezingqalabutho, isikhathi sobandlululo kanye nesikhathi senkululeko. Sizobheka lezi zikhathi ngokulandelana kwazo:
- 3. A) Kusadliwa ngoludala Lesi yisikhathi esingaphambi kwezinsuku zabacindezeli. Lapha singathi yisikhathi sangaphambi konyaka we-1835. Ngalesi sikhathi impilo yayingathintwa noma iphazanyiswe ngabezizwe noma ondlebezikhanya ilanga. Lapha sibona ukubumbeka kwesizwe sikaZulu. Lesi sikhathi kwakungekho lutho olubhalwa phansi. Imibhalo esunguliwe ngalesi sikhathi kwakuyimibhalo ewubuciko bomlomo. Kubalulekile ukusazi lesi sigaba ngenxa yokuthi ubuciko bomlomo: izinganekwane, izibongo, izigiyo, njll, kube nomthelela omkhulu emibhalweni yesiZulu ikakhulukazi uma sibheka imibhalo okuyiyona eyavula indlela yokulotshwa kwemibhalo esiZulwini. Izibongo zaba nomthelela ekusungulweni kwezinkondlo kanti izinganekwane zona zaba nomthelela ezindabeni ezibhalwayo zibe yingxoxo. Izibonelo yizibongo zesimanje esisazibona zisaqhubeka. Umdlalo wokuqala oshicilelwe phansi wesiZulu osihloko sithi UGubudele Namazimuzimu ususelwe enganekwaneni kanti iqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane elithi Woza Nazo liyizinganekwane. Ukuthola olunye ulwazi ungafunda incwadi ka-CT Msimang ethi The Folktale Influence on the Zulu Novel.
- 4. B) Isikhathi samamishini (1835-1910) Nakuba kukhona ukugxeka ukuthi osomishini babeguqula indlela abantu ababephila ngayo, nokwaholela ekulahlekeni kwamasiko athile, kukhona okuhle okweza namamishini. Asiza amamishini ngokwethula indlela yokubhala. Osomishini yibona abashicilela indlela yokubhala. Ukubhala kwafika kudala kwaZulu ngenxa yeminyakanyaka yengxabano phakathi kukaZulu kanye nabandlebe zikhanaya ilanga. Ukubulawa kukaPiet Retief namabutho akhe nguZuluu Ophathe ngesinye sezigameko esaphazamisa ukuzinza kwabantu abamhlophe kwaZulu. IMarianhill Mission School kanye ne-Press (okuyisikhungo sokushicilela izincwadi) kwagcina kusunguliwe kwelakwaZulu. Phakathi kwabantu ababa negalelo: osomishini Allen Gardener, Francis Owen, uNewton Adam, uGeorge Champion, no-Adlin Grout (nokwethiwa ngaye iGroutvile), John Colenso (yingakho sinendawo okuthiwa yiColenso ngaseBergville). Kwaqala kwashicilelwa izingqenye zebhayibheli ngo-1846 kwase kushicilelwa uhlelo lolimi ngo-1855. Nokudlalwa kwemidlalo yeshashalazi okwaqala ngeminyaka yawo 1909 ngaphansi kuka Father Bernard Huss eMarianhill. Ukufunda kabanzi ngalokhu ungabheka incwadi kaSolwazi Bheki Peterson ethi Monarch, Missionaries and African Intellectuals (2002). Iningi lale midlalo kwakuyimidlalo enkundlanye.
- 5. C) Isikhathi sezingqalabutho (1910 - 1948) Phakathi kwezinye zezingqalabutho singabala u-Isiah Shembe, owaqala inkonzo yakhe ngo- 1911 eyaziwa ngelaManazaretha noma uShembe noma inkonzo yasEkuphakameni. Le nkolo ihlanganisa amasiko esintu nobuKhrestu. Wayeziqambela ngisho amaculo (amahubo) enkonzo. UMagema Fuze washicilela incwadi ethi Abantu Abamnyama Lapa Bavela Ngakhona. UJohn Langalibalele Dube, owazalelwa eNanda eThekwini, nongumsunguli wephephandaba Ilanga. Waba nguMongameli wokuqala weSouth African Native National Congess, neyagcina iguquliwe yaba yi-African National Congress. Ibhuku lakhe lokuqala lithi = Isitha Somuntu Nguye Uqobo lwakhe
- 6. Inoveli lokuqala, elithi Insila KaShaka (1930) laphuma kulo usiba lukaDube. Wabuye wabhala incwadi ethi UShembe (1930). Ngowe-1933 waphinda washicilela incwadi ethi Ukuziphatha Kahle. Ababhali bezindaba ezimushane abavela kulesi sikhathi yilaba: AH Mbhatha noGC Mdladla = UChakijana Bogcololo (1927); Violet Dube = Woza Nazo (1935); u-HIE Dhlomo waqhubeka wabhala ngesiNgisi; Nimrod NT Ndebele = UGubudele Namazimuzimu (1937). U-RRR Dhlomo (ongumfowabo ka-HIE Dhlomo) waziwa njengoqokuqala omyama ukubhala inoveli yeseNgisi = African Tragedy: A Novel in English by A Zulu Writer (1928). Eqinisweni bakhona ababemandulele: Chaka (T Mofolo); Mhudi (TS Plaatje)
- 7. UDhlomo ukubaluleka kwakhe njengomlobi wukuthi nguyena owaqala indlela ekubhaleni ngomlando wesizwe sakwaZulu, ikakhulukazi amakhosi. Nazi izincwadi azibhala eziqukethe umlando obalulekile: UNomalanga KaNdengezi (1934), UDingane KaSenzangakhona (1936), UShaka (1937), UCetshwayo (1952), kanye nethi UDinizulu (1968). Enye ingqalabutho esiziqhenya ngayo ngu- BW Vilakazi. UVilakazi ubuye aziwe ngokuthi nguBhambatha kaMakhwatha. Leli gama walithola ngoba wazalwa ngonyaka wempi kaBhambatha kaMancinza wakwaZondi (ngo- 1906) nokuyimpi eyayilwisana nokuthelelwa kwamakhanda (Ukhandampondo). Ukubaluleka kukaVIlakazi emlandweni wukuthi ungumuntu wokuqala omnyam ukuthola iziqu zobudokotela = ubuye abe ngumuntu wokuqala omnyama ukufundisa eWits University
- 8. Ngokwemibhalo, nguyena owabhala iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo ukuthi lishicilelwe. Iqoqo lakhe lithi Inkondlo KaZulu (1935). Waphinde walandelisa ngelinye iqoqo lezinkondlo elithi Amal Ezulu (1945). Amanoveli akhe, asiqukathela izingxenye ezithile zomlando wakithi, abhalwe nguye uVilakazi yalawa: Noma Nini (1935), UDingiswayo KaJobe (1939) kanye nethi Nje Nempela (1949). UVilakazi wedlula emhlabeni ngo-1947 eseneminyaka enga-41. Enye ingqalabutho esingayibala ngu-EHA Made owabhala inoveli ethi Indlalifa YaseHarrisdale (1940), kanye neqoqo lokuqala lama-eseyi elithi Ubuwula Bexoxo (1947)
- 9. D) Isikhathi sobandlululo (1948 1994) Sithola umthelela wobuciko bomlomo ngalesi siikahthi. Siphinde sithole ababhali begxile ekubhaleni ngomlando kanye nezomphakathi. Kulesi sikhathi singabala ukuthi sithola kuvela ababhali esebabalile ngenhla, ikakhulukazi uRRR Dhlomo. Kuvela futhi ababhali abafana noKenneth Bhengu owabhala: UKhalalembube (1953), UKadebona (1958) kanye nethi Umbuso Wezembe Nenkinga KaBhekifa nokuyizincwadi ezigxile kakhulu emlandweni. Kulesi sikhathi siphinde sithole imibhalo eveza ububi bedolobha enhlalweni yabantu. Isibonelo, yinoveli kaSibusiso Nyembezi ethi Mntanami! Mntanami!
- 10. Okubalulekile wukuthi lesi sikhathi saveza ababhali ababalulekile emibhalweni yesiZulu, futhi abathanda imibhalo yesiZulu bayibeka ezingeni eliphakeme: i. DBZ Ntuli ii. WMB Mkhize iii. KS Bhengu iv. Christian Themba Msimang v. Joyce Gwayi vi. Mandla OEH Nxuamlo
- 11. Ezombusazwe zaba negalelo ekubunjweni kwemibhalo yesiZulu. Izinga lokufunda kubantu abadala beliphansi kakhulu, ngakho- ke izincwadi bezishicilelelwa abafundi, kungekho ezibhalelwa abantu abadala. (Yingakho nje iningi lemibhalo lingena ngaphansi kwemibhalo yesimilo) Izincwadi bezihlungwa kunamakomidi akhetha okumele ziye ezikoleni nezingafanele. Incwadi egxeka inkolo, ethinta ezombangazwe kanye nocansi, ibingashicilelwa. Naphezu kokuba ababhali babengavunyelwe ukusola umbuso woBandlululo, akusho ukuthi babethule du ngendaba yengcindezelo: uBW Vilakazi kukhona izinkondlo azibhala ezigxeka abamhlophe encwadini ethi Amal Ezulu. Nomdlalo efana nokaMsimang othi Izulu Eladuma ESandlwana (1976) ungumdlalo okhombisa ukuthi abantu abamnyama yini abakwazi ukuyenza uma belwela izwe labo. Ngakho lo mdlalo ungafundwa njengendaba yomlando kodwa futhi wedlulisa umlayezo
- 12. E) Isikhathi senkululeko Kusekuncane esingakuphawula ngalesi sikhathi. Siyakuthola nokho ukuthi ababhali besiZulu kanye nabezinye izilimi, sebeyakwazi ukubhala ngezindikimba obekuthathwa ngokuthi azivumelekile ukuba kubhalwe ngazo. Ukusungulwa kochungechunge lwezincwadi, ngabashicileli bakwaHeinemann Publishers olwaziwa ngokuthi yi-Mamela Afrika Series luyinkomba yintshisekelo yokuthuthukisa imibhalo yabomdabu. Lapha kuneminye imibhalo esiyitholayo, ekhombisa ukuhlalisana kwabantu abamnyama nabamhlophe kanye nokuganana kwabo. Kanti-ke siphinde sithole imibhalo ekhuluma ngesimo sabantu abamnyama ngesikhathi senkululeko. Inoveli ka-Jabulani C Buthelezi ethi, Impi YaboMdabu Isethunjini iyisibonelo esihle sezincwadi.
- 13. Njengoba siphila esikhathini senkulueko, ezinye izincwadi zikhuluma ngenkulueko yokuzwana kwabantu abanobulili obufanayo kanye nokuziguqula ubulili (transsexuality), njengakunoveli kaNakanjani Sibiya ethi, Bengithi Lizokuna. Esikhathini senkululeko, sithola inkohlakalo idla lubi emphakathini, ukudliwa kwezimali kuyinsakavukela umchilo wesidwaba, ukudlwengulwa kwabesifazane kuyinto ehlala isematheni kwabezindaba. Inoveli ka-EDM Sibiya ethi, Ngiyolibala Ngifile idingida ezinye zalezi zinto. Njengoba bese sishilo ngenhla, kusekuncane kusekuncane esingakusho ngesikhathi senkululeko, imibhalo eminingi isancike esikhathini sakudala, ababhali abakakhulueki kahle ukubhala ngezinto ezazaziwa ngokuthi azithintwa.
- 14. Ngiyabonga!!