Abstract
Prevalence and incidence are measures that are used for monitoring the occurrence of a disease. Prevalence can be computed from readily available cross-sectional data but incidence is traditionally computed from longitudinal data from longitudinal studies. Longitudinal studies are characterised by financial and logistical problems where as cross-sectional studies are easy to conduct. This paper introduces a new method for estimating HIV incidence from grouped cross-sectional sero-prevalence data from settings where antiretroviral therapy is provided to those who are eligible according to recommended criteria for the administration of such drugs.
- The study analyzed cancer registry data from Malawi between 1996-2005 to describe the age at cancer diagnosis.
- The median ages at diagnosis were lower for AIDS-defining cancers (most 42 years) than non-AIDS defining cancers (at least 46 years).
- Childhood and adult cancer ages followed lognormal distributions. The overall age distribution was best modeled as a finite mixture of two lognormal distributions, with means of 5.1 and 45.1 years, reflecting a bimodal distribution with peaks in childhood and mid-adulthood.
This document summarizes a study of socio-demographic characteristics associated with HIV and syphilis seroreactivity among pregnant women in Blantyre, Malawi between 2000-2004. The study found that 30% of women were HIV positive and 5% were syphilis seroreactive. In multivariate analysis, HIV infection was positively associated with higher socioeconomic status, being formerly married, and older age. Syphilis seroreactivity was positively associated with rural residence, multigravidity, and previous STI diagnosis and negatively associated with higher education levels. The study demonstrates the need for improved strategies to prevent HIV and syphilis in women in Malawi.
- The study analyzed data from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey to determine factors influencing willingness to undergo voluntary HIV counseling and testing among Malawians prior to marriage.
- Willingness for premarital HIV testing was positively associated with increased age, urban residence, and a preference for confidentiality of one's HIV status. However, it was negatively associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS, testing locations, sexually transmitted infections, and a belief that abstinence prevents HIV.
- Not all population groups had an equal likelihood of accepting voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Public health interventions on HIV testing need to be tailored to different groups.
1. The study assessed the impact of food supplementation provided by the World Food Programme to patients enrolled in a home-based care program for chronically ill patients in Malawi, most of whom had HIV/AIDS.
2. The study compared the survival and nutritional status of patients who did not receive food supplementation before July 2003 to those who received supplementation after. It found that food supplementation did not improve patient survival or nutritional status, though it had a small non-significant effect on nutritional status.
3. Providing additional oil to some families may have improved survival slightly but did not affect nutritional status. The study concludes that food supplementation was not very effective for these patients, possibly because it was introduced too late or
Google App Engine allows users to host web applications on Google's infrastructure without having to maintain servers or databases. It provides automatic scaling, free quotas for storage and bandwidth usage, and a simple deployment process. The document provides an overview of App Engine, including how to get started, the services it offers like Datastore and Memcache, and best practices for building scalable applications on the platform.
This document summarizes a study that aimed to identify potential partners for preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Blantyre, Malawi. The study surveyed 321 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics. It found that close relatives, spouses, the media (especially radio), and health workers are important sources of health information and potential partners in prevention efforts. While most women intended to involve their mother or sister during delivery and believed their spouse would support breastfeeding, few had ever attended clinics with their spouse or discussed HIV. The study concludes these partners should be engaged in programs aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Abstract
Prevalence and incidence are measures that are used for monitoring the occurrence of a disease. Prevalence can be computed from readily available cross-sectional data but incidence is traditionally computed from longitudinal data from longitudinal studies. Longitudinal studies are characterised by financial and logistical problems where as cross-sectional studies are easy to conduct. This paper introduces a new method for estimating HIV incidence from grouped cross-sectional sero-prevalence data from settings where antiretroviral therapy is provided to those who are eligible according to recommended criteria for the administration of such drugs.
This study examined the effects of rotating shift work on the sleep quality and duration of nurses in Malawi. Twenty-four nurses who worked rotating shifts (day shifts, night shifts, days off) completed questionnaires on their sleep. Their sleep was significantly shorter and of lower quality during night shifts compared to days off. Even during days off, sleep problems persisted, indicating accumulated fatigue from shift work. In contrast, nurses who only worked day shifts showed no differences in sleep between work days and days off. The rotating shift schedule negatively impacted nurses' sleep, and changes to the shift system were recommended to improve nurses' sleep and well-being.
This study examined continued professional development opportunities for healthcare workers in Blantyre, Malawi. The study found that the most common forms of continued development were workshops/seminars and clinical handover meetings. Nearly all participants had attended a workshop in the past year. However, access to professional journals was very low, with few individuals subscribing personally and few health facilities subscribing. Most participants expressed interest in receiving free journals. The study concluded there is a need to improve healthcare workers' access to relevant professional literature and for licensing boards to consider mandatory continuing education requirements.
- The study analyzed data from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey to determine factors influencing willingness to undergo voluntary HIV counseling and testing among Malawians prior to marriage.
- Willingness for premarital HIV testing was positively associated with increased age, urban residence, and a preference for confidentiality of one's HIV status. However, it was negatively associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS, testing locations, sexually transmitted infections, and a belief that abstinence prevents HIV.
- Not all population groups had an equal likelihood of accepting voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Public health interventions on HIV testing need to be tailored to different groups.
This study explored physical trauma experiences among 217 school children in Ndirande, Malawi. Many children reported experiences with trauma: 86 had fallen from a tree, with 44 being injured; 8 had been hit by a motor vehicle, with 2 hospitalized; and 87 had witnessed a road accident. Girls were more likely than boys to fall from trees and get injured. While most children reported being taught road safety, only 41.9% knew the proper procedure for crossing the road. The study highlights the exposure of Malawian children to physical trauma and the need for improved prevention, education, and management of trauma.
IMA Annual Event LA 2015 Brad Monterio and Liv Watson 23 jun15Workiva
油
This document summarizes a presentation on building trust in integrated reporting (<IR>) by applying the COSO framework and understanding related issues. The presentation discusses how COSO and materiality determinations are important for <IR>, and that financial information has more robust standards and controls compared to non-financial information. It outlines challenges with current reporting like a lack of data quality and governance. The presentation then discusses how COSO principles can be applied to <IR> through objectives, controls, risk assessment, and monitoring. It addresses the role of management accountants and potential challenges in implementing <IR>.
Proposed Guidance: COSO Internal Controls for Integrated ReportingWorkiva
油
This document summarizes a presentation given at IMA's Annual Conference & Expo in Las Vegas in 2016. The presentation discussed proposed guidance on applying the COSO framework to integrated reporting and integrated thinking. It covered how COSO applies to non-financial information in integrated reports, how to map COSO controls to the integrated reporting framework, and challenges of assurance for integrated reports. The presentation aimed to help participants understand and apply the proposed guidance on internal controls for integrated reporting.
Facilitating digital research in the humanities: from local services to Europ...Sally Chambers
油
This presentation was given as part of the 'S辿minaire Europ辿en de lEcole doctorale' on 'Les Infrastructures de la recherch辿, quels enjeux pour les humanit辿s num辿riques ?' held at the University of Lille on 3 March 2016, see:
http://geriico.recherche.univ-lille3.fr/index.php?page=annee-2015---2016
Partners in research: outside the library, inside the infrastructureSally Chambers
油
Presentation by Saskia Scheltjens and Sally Chambers exploring the role of libraries in digital scholarship, digital humanities and research infrastructures
Natural disasters have a disproportionate impact on poverty. Over 90% of deaths from natural disasters occur in poor countries, which have fewer resources to prepare for and recover from disasters. The poor often live in more vulnerable areas like hillsides and floodplains, and have less savings, access to food, clean water and healthcare when disasters strike. Both rights-based and utilitarian ethical theories argue that other countries should help the poor affected by natural disasters meet basic needs like food and shelter.
Towards DARIAH in Belgium, a presentation at the Digital Humanities (DH) Spring Event at KU Leuven on 28-29 April 2015: https://www.arts.kuleuven.be/digitalhumanities/DH-spring
Cardiac Arrhythmia definition, classification, normal sinus rhythm, characteristics , types and management with medical ,surgical & nursing, health education and nursing diagnosis for paramedical students.
Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS(Health), DA, MD (Resident)
Department of Anesthesiology, ICU & Pain Medicine
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)
Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #Nephrology
Non-Invasive ICP Monitoring for NeurosurgeonsDhaval Shukla
油
This presentation delves into the latest advancements in non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring techniques, specifically tailored for neurosurgeons. It covers the importance of ICP monitoring in clinical practice, explores various non-invasive methods, and discusses their accuracy, reliability, and clinical applications. Attendees will gain insights into the benefits of non-invasive approaches over traditional invasive methods, including reduced risk of complications and improved patient outcomes. This comprehensive overview is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of neurosurgeons in managing patients with neurological conditions.
Invasive systems are commonly used for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are considered the gold standard. The availability of invasive ICP monitoring is heterogeneous, and in low- and middle-income settings, these systems are not routinely employed due to high cost or limited accessibility. The aim of this presentation is to develop recommendations to guide monitoring and ICP-driven therapies in TBI using non-invasive ICP (nICP) systems.
Dr. Vincenzo Giordano began his medical career 2011 at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Here, he performed complex adult cardiothoracic surgical procedures, significantly enhancing his proficiency in patient critical care, as evidenced by his FCCS certification.
FAO's Support Rabies Control in Bali_Jul22.pptxWahid Husein
油
What is FAO doing to support rabies control programmes in Bali, Indonesia, using One Health approach with mass dog vaccination and integrated bite case management as main strategies
legal Rights of individual, children and women.pptxRishika Rawat
油
A legal right is a claim or entitlement that is recognized and protected by the law. It can also refer to the power or privilege that the law grants to a person. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.
Solubilization in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Concepts, Mechanisms & Enhancement...KHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides an in-depth understanding of solubilization and its critical role in pharmaceutical formulations. It covers:
Definition & Mechanisms of Solubilization
Role of surfactants, micelles, and bile salts in drug solubility
Factors affecting solubilization (pH, polarity, particle size, temperature, etc.)
Methods to enhance drug solubility (Buffers, Co-solvents, Surfactants, Complexation, Solid Dispersions)
Advanced approaches (Polymorphism, Salt Formation, Co-crystallization, Prodrugs)
This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical scientists, formulation experts, regulatory professionals, and students interested in improving drug solubility and bioavailability.
This study examined the effects of rotating shift work on the sleep quality and duration of nurses in Malawi. Twenty-four nurses who worked rotating shifts (day shifts, night shifts, days off) completed questionnaires on their sleep. Their sleep was significantly shorter and of lower quality during night shifts compared to days off. Even during days off, sleep problems persisted, indicating accumulated fatigue from shift work. In contrast, nurses who only worked day shifts showed no differences in sleep between work days and days off. The rotating shift schedule negatively impacted nurses' sleep, and changes to the shift system were recommended to improve nurses' sleep and well-being.
This study examined continued professional development opportunities for healthcare workers in Blantyre, Malawi. The study found that the most common forms of continued development were workshops/seminars and clinical handover meetings. Nearly all participants had attended a workshop in the past year. However, access to professional journals was very low, with few individuals subscribing personally and few health facilities subscribing. Most participants expressed interest in receiving free journals. The study concluded there is a need to improve healthcare workers' access to relevant professional literature and for licensing boards to consider mandatory continuing education requirements.
- The study analyzed data from the 2000 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey to determine factors influencing willingness to undergo voluntary HIV counseling and testing among Malawians prior to marriage.
- Willingness for premarital HIV testing was positively associated with increased age, urban residence, and a preference for confidentiality of one's HIV status. However, it was negatively associated with knowledge of HIV/AIDS, testing locations, sexually transmitted infections, and a belief that abstinence prevents HIV.
- Not all population groups had an equal likelihood of accepting voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Public health interventions on HIV testing need to be tailored to different groups.
This study explored physical trauma experiences among 217 school children in Ndirande, Malawi. Many children reported experiences with trauma: 86 had fallen from a tree, with 44 being injured; 8 had been hit by a motor vehicle, with 2 hospitalized; and 87 had witnessed a road accident. Girls were more likely than boys to fall from trees and get injured. While most children reported being taught road safety, only 41.9% knew the proper procedure for crossing the road. The study highlights the exposure of Malawian children to physical trauma and the need for improved prevention, education, and management of trauma.
IMA Annual Event LA 2015 Brad Monterio and Liv Watson 23 jun15Workiva
油
This document summarizes a presentation on building trust in integrated reporting (<IR>) by applying the COSO framework and understanding related issues. The presentation discusses how COSO and materiality determinations are important for <IR>, and that financial information has more robust standards and controls compared to non-financial information. It outlines challenges with current reporting like a lack of data quality and governance. The presentation then discusses how COSO principles can be applied to <IR> through objectives, controls, risk assessment, and monitoring. It addresses the role of management accountants and potential challenges in implementing <IR>.
Proposed Guidance: COSO Internal Controls for Integrated ReportingWorkiva
油
This document summarizes a presentation given at IMA's Annual Conference & Expo in Las Vegas in 2016. The presentation discussed proposed guidance on applying the COSO framework to integrated reporting and integrated thinking. It covered how COSO applies to non-financial information in integrated reports, how to map COSO controls to the integrated reporting framework, and challenges of assurance for integrated reports. The presentation aimed to help participants understand and apply the proposed guidance on internal controls for integrated reporting.
Facilitating digital research in the humanities: from local services to Europ...Sally Chambers
油
This presentation was given as part of the 'S辿minaire Europ辿en de lEcole doctorale' on 'Les Infrastructures de la recherch辿, quels enjeux pour les humanit辿s num辿riques ?' held at the University of Lille on 3 March 2016, see:
http://geriico.recherche.univ-lille3.fr/index.php?page=annee-2015---2016
Partners in research: outside the library, inside the infrastructureSally Chambers
油
Presentation by Saskia Scheltjens and Sally Chambers exploring the role of libraries in digital scholarship, digital humanities and research infrastructures
Natural disasters have a disproportionate impact on poverty. Over 90% of deaths from natural disasters occur in poor countries, which have fewer resources to prepare for and recover from disasters. The poor often live in more vulnerable areas like hillsides and floodplains, and have less savings, access to food, clean water and healthcare when disasters strike. Both rights-based and utilitarian ethical theories argue that other countries should help the poor affected by natural disasters meet basic needs like food and shelter.
Towards DARIAH in Belgium, a presentation at the Digital Humanities (DH) Spring Event at KU Leuven on 28-29 April 2015: https://www.arts.kuleuven.be/digitalhumanities/DH-spring
Cardiac Arrhythmia definition, classification, normal sinus rhythm, characteristics , types and management with medical ,surgical & nursing, health education and nursing diagnosis for paramedical students.
Dr. Anik Roy Chowdhury
MBBS, BCS(Health), DA, MD (Resident)
Department of Anesthesiology, ICU & Pain Medicine
Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital (ShSMCH)
Title: Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption A Comprehensive Overview
Description:
This lecture provides a detailed and structured explanation of the mechanisms regulating tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. It explores how different physiological and hormonal factors influence glomerular filtration and reabsorption rates, ensuring fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
Who Should Read This?
This presentation is designed for:
鏝 Medical Students (MBBS, BDS, Nursing, Allied Health Sciences) preparing for physiology exams.
鏝 Medical Educators & Professors looking for structured teaching material.
鏝 Healthcare Professionals (doctors, nephrologists, and physiologists) seeking a refresher on renal physiology.
鏝 Postgraduate Students & Researchers in the field of medical sciences and physiology.
What Youll Learn:
Local Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Glomerulo-Tubular Balance its mechanism and clinical significance
鏝 Net reabsorptive forces affecting peritubular capillaries
鏝 Role of peritubular hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures
Hormonal Regulation of Tubular Reabsorption
鏝 Effects of Aldosterone, Angiotensin II, ADH, and Natriuretic Peptides
鏝 Clinical conditions like Addisons disease & Conn Syndrome
鏝 Mechanisms of pressure natriuresis and diuresis
Nervous System Regulation
鏝 Sympathetic Nervous System activation and its effects on sodium reabsorption
Clinical Correlations & Case Discussions
鏝 How renal regulation is altered in hypertension, hypotension, and proteinuria
鏝 Comparison of Glomerulo-Tubular Balance vs. Tubulo-Glomerular Feedback
This presentation provides detailed diagrams, flowcharts, and calculations to enhance understanding and retention. Whether you are studying, teaching, or practicing medicine, this lecture will serve as a valuable resource for mastering renal physiology.
Keywords for Easy Search:
#Physiology #RenalPhysiology #TubularReabsorption #GlomeruloTubularBalance #HormonalRegulation #MedicalEducation #Nephrology
Non-Invasive ICP Monitoring for NeurosurgeonsDhaval Shukla
油
This presentation delves into the latest advancements in non-invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring techniques, specifically tailored for neurosurgeons. It covers the importance of ICP monitoring in clinical practice, explores various non-invasive methods, and discusses their accuracy, reliability, and clinical applications. Attendees will gain insights into the benefits of non-invasive approaches over traditional invasive methods, including reduced risk of complications and improved patient outcomes. This comprehensive overview is designed to enhance the knowledge and skills of neurosurgeons in managing patients with neurological conditions.
Invasive systems are commonly used for monitoring intracranial pressure (ICP) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) and are considered the gold standard. The availability of invasive ICP monitoring is heterogeneous, and in low- and middle-income settings, these systems are not routinely employed due to high cost or limited accessibility. The aim of this presentation is to develop recommendations to guide monitoring and ICP-driven therapies in TBI using non-invasive ICP (nICP) systems.
Dr. Vincenzo Giordano began his medical career 2011 at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Here, he performed complex adult cardiothoracic surgical procedures, significantly enhancing his proficiency in patient critical care, as evidenced by his FCCS certification.
FAO's Support Rabies Control in Bali_Jul22.pptxWahid Husein
油
What is FAO doing to support rabies control programmes in Bali, Indonesia, using One Health approach with mass dog vaccination and integrated bite case management as main strategies
legal Rights of individual, children and women.pptxRishika Rawat
油
A legal right is a claim or entitlement that is recognized and protected by the law. It can also refer to the power or privilege that the law grants to a person. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education
Stability of Dosage Forms as per ICH GuidelinesKHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation covers the stability testing of pharmaceutical dosage forms according to ICH guidelines (Q1A-Q1F). It explains the definition of stability, various testing protocols, storage conditions, and evaluation criteria required for regulatory submissions. Key topics include stress testing, container closure systems, stability commitment, and photostability testing. The guidelines ensure that pharmaceutical products maintain their identity, purity, strength, and efficacy throughout their shelf life. This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical professionals, researchers, and regulatory experts.
Solubilization in Pharmaceutical Sciences: Concepts, Mechanisms & Enhancement...KHUSHAL CHAVAN
油
This presentation provides an in-depth understanding of solubilization and its critical role in pharmaceutical formulations. It covers:
Definition & Mechanisms of Solubilization
Role of surfactants, micelles, and bile salts in drug solubility
Factors affecting solubilization (pH, polarity, particle size, temperature, etc.)
Methods to enhance drug solubility (Buffers, Co-solvents, Surfactants, Complexation, Solid Dispersions)
Advanced approaches (Polymorphism, Salt Formation, Co-crystallization, Prodrugs)
This resource is valuable for pharmaceutical scientists, formulation experts, regulatory professionals, and students interested in improving drug solubility and bioavailability.
Chair and Presenters Sara A. Hurvitz, MD, FACP, Carey K. Anders, MD, FASCO, and Vyshak Venur, MD, discuss metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer in this CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE activity titled Fine-Tuning the Selection and Sequencing of HER2-Targeting Therapies in HER2-Positive MBC With and Without CNS Metastases: Expert Guidance on How to Individualize Therapy Based on Latest Evidence, Disease Features, Treatment Characteristics, and Patient Needs and Preferences. For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/4f8sUs7. CME/NCPD/CPE/AAPA/IPCE credit will be available until March 2, 2026.
BIOMECHANICS OF THE MOVEMENT OF THE SHOULDER COMPLEX.pptxdrnidhimnd
油
The shoulder complex acts as in coordinated fashion to provide the smoothest and greatest range of motion possible of the upper limb.
Combined motion of GH and ST joint of shoulder complex helps in:
Distribution of motion between other two joints.
Maintenance of glenoid fossa in optimal position.
Maintenance of good length tension
Although some amount of glenohumeral motion may occur while the other shoulder articulations remain stabilized, movement of the humerus more commonly involves some movement at all three shoulder joints.
Creatines Untold Story and How 30-Year-Old Lessons Can Shape the FutureSteve Jennings
油
Creatine burst into the public consciousness in 1992 when an investigative reporter inside the Olympic Village in Barcelona caught wind of British athletes using a product called Ergomax C150. This led to an explosion of interest in and questions about the ingredient after high-profile British athletes won multiple gold medals.
I developed Ergomax C150, working closely with the late and great Dr. Roger Harris (1944 2024), and Prof. Erik Hultman (1925 2011), the pioneering scientists behind the landmark studies of creatine and athletic performance in the early 1990s.
Thirty years on, these are the slides I used at the Sports & Active Nutrition Summit 2025 to share the story, the lessons from that time, and how and why creatine will play a pivotal role in tomorrows high-growth active nutrition and healthspan categories.