UNEMPLOYMENT- A DISGUISED THREAT TO SOCIETY
- 1. B AVINASH PGS-506e Department of Agronomy Institute of Agriculture, Palli Siksha Bhavana Visva Bharati, Sriniketan
- 2. Content : What is unemployment ? Classification Kinds of it Causes of such phenomenon Effects / Cost of this disaster Solution and Conclusion
- 3. What is unemployment ? Unemployment means lack of jobs even for those who are able and willing to work at the prevailing wage. In general sense, it may be defined as a person who is physically fit, mentally sound, well qualified and willing to work, but that client doesn't get any job.
- 5. A person is out of job because of his own desire to not to work on the prevalent or prescribed wages. Voluntary A person is separated from remunerative work and devoid of wages although he is capable of earning his wages and is also anxious to earn them. Involuntary
- 6. Kinds of it : Cyclical Unemployment : When business cycles are at their peak, cyclical unemployment will be low because total economic output is being maximized. When economic output falls, the business cycle is low and cyclical unemployment will rise.
- 7. Disguised Unemployment : Disguised unemployment exists where part of the labor force is either left without work or is working in a redundant manner where worker productivity is essentially very much less.
- 8. Structural Unemployment : Here, a person either goes out of the job or remains unemployed for prolonged period of time till he acquires new skills.
- 9. Seasonal Unemployment : Seasonal unemployment occurs at certain seasons of the year. Refers to a situation where a number of persons are not able to find jobs during some months of the year.
- 10. Frictional Unemployment : It is defined as the no. of unemployed persons under the condition that the no. of job vacancies equals the no. of job seekers who somehow fail to get the job.
- 11. Some other kinds of unemployment are : Underemployment: It usually refers to that state in which the self employed working people are not working according to their capacity. Open Unemployment: It is a condition in which people have no work to do. They are able to work and are also willing to work but there is no work for them.
- 12. Causes of Unemployment : Rapid Population Growth Economic Inflation Economic Recession Changing Technology Demand for highly skilled labour Global Competition Illiteracy Over 70% of total labour force is illiterate or educated below primary level Agriculture backward farming 70 % population depend on it
- 13. Cost of Unemployment : At individual level Mental stress Loss of self esteem Directly linked to poverty At social level Civil unrest Law and order problem ( naxalist , thefts etc) At economic level Loss in output Low GDP for economy Increasing in Govt. Borrowings, fall in tax revenue
- 14. Policies to reduce Unemployment : NREGA Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojna Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojna Prime Ministers Employment Generation Programme National Food for Work Programme Prime Minister's Integrated Urban Poverty Eradication Program (PMIUPEP) The Swaran Jayanti Rozgar Yojana Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana
- 15. Possible Solutions of unemployment : Frictional unemployment solution 1. If unemployment benefits were reduced unemployed workers might become more willing to work (shift the aggregate supply of labour to the right) 2. Improve awareness of available jobs Structural unemployment solution 1. Adult retraining programmes 2. Government gives subsidies to firms that provide training for workers. 3. Enhance geographic mobility by building affordable housing or give subsidies/tax breaks 4. Set up apprenticeship programmes to allow people to gain skills
- 16. Seasonal unemployment solutions 1. Encourage people to take different jobs in their off season 2. Reduce unemployment benefits 3. Greater flow of information Disguised unemployment Create employment opportunities in the urban areas and rural area