Journalism involves gathering, writing, and editing news and information for distribution through various media like newspapers, television and online platforms. It is considered an important profession as it informs citizens about their community, nation and world, and acts as a watchdog on those in power while also facilitating discussion, education and entertainment. Journalism aims to achieve accuracy, independence, fairness and transparency in fulfilling its professional responsibilities.
This document discusses the history of printing in Sri Lanka and around the world. It describes techniques like wood block printing and the development of printing presses. Key events mentioned include Johannes Gutenberg inventing the printing press in 1440 in Europe, which allowed for mass printing. Printing became widespread in Sri Lanka between the 15th-19th centuries. Modern techniques like the Linotype and Monotype machines were introduced in the late 19th century, further automating the printing process.
This document lists several important skills including writing, presenting, creativity, persistence, self-confidence, analytical skills, understanding, and teamwork. A variety of abilities are highlighted ranging from creative and writing strengths to persistence and analytical talents to interpersonal skills like self-confidence and teamwork. Overall, the document emphasizes a wide range of skills that can contribute to professional success.
The document discusses the decline of newspapers due to falling readership and circulation numbers as readers increasingly get their news from online sources. It provides statistics showing drops in newspaper penetration rates and circulation over time as the population has grown. While some smaller community newspapers are doing better relatively, most newspapers are struggling financially and have implemented layoffs and pay cuts as advertising revenues decline sharply. The future of the newspaper industry is unclear as it works to adapt to the digital age.
The document outlines the history and evolution of newspapers in the United States from the colonial era to modern times. It discusses how the first newspapers established press freedom and independence. It also describes how newspapers were used to champion social causes and issues like racism. The era of "yellow journalism" in the late 19th century led to sensationalist reporting and tabloid styles. More recently, newspapers have moved online and struggled with declining circulation, forcing new business models.
This document provides a brief history of printing technologies from woodblock printing to modern computerized printing. It describes techniques such as woodblock printing used in China and Japan, moveable type printing invented by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1440s, linotype machines that assembled lines of text from matrices of movable type, and monotype machines that cast individual letters. The document suggests that these innovations progressively increased the efficiency and speed of printing.
The document defines key journalistic terms used in newspapers including:
- Masthead: Contains the newspaper title, date, price, and sometimes editor name.
- Headline: Title printed above a news report in large letters.
- Banner headline: Words printed across the top of the front page in very large letters.
- Caption: Words that explain a picture in a newspaper or magazine.
- Above the fold: Most important articles are placed in the top half of the newspaper.
- Editorial: Article that expresses the editor's opinion on a current topic.
- Newsroom: Office where news is received and reports are written.
The document defines key layout and design terminology used in newspaper production. It provides definitions for over 50 terms in a consistent format, with each term defined in a single paragraph. The terms cover concepts related to page grids, headlines, photos, and other elements of newspaper layout and their technical specifications.
The document outlines the basic principles of newspaper design, noting that every design starts with an idea and is planned using a "dummy" page layout. It stresses that a dummy is essential for organizing stories, headlines, photos, and other elements before building the actual page in software like Pagemaker or InDesign. Following the dummy allows the designer to effectively translate their ideas into a finished newspaper page.
The document discusses the basic principles of newspaper design, including that every design starts with an idea and every page starts with a dummy layout. A dummy is a blank page with columns that acts as a plan where the designer sketches out where stories, headlines, and photos will go before building the actual page. The dummy is essential for planning and helps the designer transition from a blank page to a finished layout.
Newspapers are regularly published periodicals that are technologically reproduced, widely available, written for general audiences, timely, and of interest to the public. They cover local, national, and international news and come in many forms, from large national dailies to specialty papers. Newspapers make money through advertising and circulation. They have evolved over centuries, becoming more partisan in the early US, incorporating new technologies like the telegraph, and developing different styles from investigative journalism to sensational "yellow journalism."
A newspaper's publisher and intended audience can provide important context. Examining details like location, date, and masthead can reveal when and where the newspaper was published. The owners and managers listed in the indica may provide clues to the newspaper's political stance, though this information needs to be considered alongside the content of editorials and reporting. Regular readers historically expected newspapers to take consistent political positions while reporting current events, though the meaning of "journalistic objectivity" has varied over time and place.
The document provides an overview of editorial writing for newspapers. It explains that editorials state a newspaper's opinions on issues and appear on the editorial page along with columns and cartoons. The editorial board, comprised of editors, decides the stances taken in editorials. There are three main types of editorials: those that explain issues, those that evaluate actions/situations, and those that persuade readers. The document also discusses involving readers through letters to the editor and opinion features.
This document provides guidance on writing an editorial. An editorial is an opinion piece that discusses an issue from one perspective while acknowledging other viewpoints. It should have an introduction that grabs the reader's attention and states the opinion and main reasons. The body should have paragraphs supporting each reason with facts and examples. A conclusion restates the opinion and reasons, and leaves the reader thinking. The document provides an example introduction, body, and conclusion for an editorial arguing that fine arts are important in school curriculums.
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The document defines key journalistic terms used in newspapers including:
- Masthead: Contains the newspaper title, date, price, and sometimes editor name.
- Headline: Title printed above a news report in large letters.
- Banner headline: Words printed across the top of the front page in very large letters.
- Caption: Words that explain a picture in a newspaper or magazine.
- Above the fold: Most important articles are placed in the top half of the newspaper.
- Editorial: Article that expresses the editor's opinion on a current topic.
- Newsroom: Office where news is received and reports are written.
The document defines key layout and design terminology used in newspaper production. It provides definitions for over 50 terms in a consistent format, with each term defined in a single paragraph. The terms cover concepts related to page grids, headlines, photos, and other elements of newspaper layout and their technical specifications.
The document outlines the basic principles of newspaper design, noting that every design starts with an idea and is planned using a "dummy" page layout. It stresses that a dummy is essential for organizing stories, headlines, photos, and other elements before building the actual page in software like Pagemaker or InDesign. Following the dummy allows the designer to effectively translate their ideas into a finished newspaper page.
The document discusses the basic principles of newspaper design, including that every design starts with an idea and every page starts with a dummy layout. A dummy is a blank page with columns that acts as a plan where the designer sketches out where stories, headlines, and photos will go before building the actual page. The dummy is essential for planning and helps the designer transition from a blank page to a finished layout.
Newspapers are regularly published periodicals that are technologically reproduced, widely available, written for general audiences, timely, and of interest to the public. They cover local, national, and international news and come in many forms, from large national dailies to specialty papers. Newspapers make money through advertising and circulation. They have evolved over centuries, becoming more partisan in the early US, incorporating new technologies like the telegraph, and developing different styles from investigative journalism to sensational "yellow journalism."
A newspaper's publisher and intended audience can provide important context. Examining details like location, date, and masthead can reveal when and where the newspaper was published. The owners and managers listed in the indica may provide clues to the newspaper's political stance, though this information needs to be considered alongside the content of editorials and reporting. Regular readers historically expected newspapers to take consistent political positions while reporting current events, though the meaning of "journalistic objectivity" has varied over time and place.
The document provides an overview of editorial writing for newspapers. It explains that editorials state a newspaper's opinions on issues and appear on the editorial page along with columns and cartoons. The editorial board, comprised of editors, decides the stances taken in editorials. There are three main types of editorials: those that explain issues, those that evaluate actions/situations, and those that persuade readers. The document also discusses involving readers through letters to the editor and opinion features.
This document provides guidance on writing an editorial. An editorial is an opinion piece that discusses an issue from one perspective while acknowledging other viewpoints. It should have an introduction that grabs the reader's attention and states the opinion and main reasons. The body should have paragraphs supporting each reason with facts and examples. A conclusion restates the opinion and reasons, and leaves the reader thinking. The document provides an example introduction, body, and conclusion for an editorial arguing that fine arts are important in school curriculums.