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L?p trình và Thi?t k? Web 1
? 2007 Khoa C?ng ngh? th?ng tin
Khoa CNTT – ?H.KHTN
Ba?i 7
PHP C? b?n

L?p trình và Thi?t k? Web 1 – Bài 7 : PHP C? b?n
? 2007 Khoa CNTT - ?HKHTN
N?i dung
? Gi?i thi?u PHP
? C? ch? ho?t ??ng c?a WebServer
? Cú pháp & Quy ??c trong PHP

Gi?i thi?u v? PHP – L?ch s? phát tri?n
? PHP : Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 (???c phát tri?n ?? phát sinh các form ??ng nh?p
s? d?ng giao th?c HTTP c?a Unix)
? PHP 2 (1995) : Chuy?n sang ng?n ng? script x? l? trên server. H? tr? CSDL,
Upload File, khai báo bi?n, m?ng, hàm ?? quy, c?u ?i?u ki?n, bi?u th?c, …
? PHP 3 (1998) : H? tr? ODBC, ?a h? ?i?u hành, giao th?c email (SNMP, IMAP),
b? ph?n tích m? PHP (parser) c?a Zeev Suraski và Andi Gutmans
? PHP 4 (2000) : Tr? thành m?t thành ph?n ??c l?p cho các webserver. Parse ??i
tên thành Zend Engine. B? sung các tính n?ng b?o m?t cho PHP
? PHP 5 (2005) : B? sung Zend Engine II h? tr? l?p trình H?T, XML, SOAP cho
Web Services, SQLite
? Phiên b?n m?i nh?t c?a PHP là version PHP 5.2.4 (www.php.net)

Gi?i thi?u v? PHP – PHP là gì ?
? PHP vi?t t?t c?a PHP Hypertext Preprocessor
? Là ng?n ng? server-side script, t??ng t? nh? ASP,
JSP, … th?c thi ? phía WebServer
? T?p tin PHP có ph?n m? r?ng là .php
? Cú pháp ng?n ng? gi?ng ng?n ng? C & Perl
?u ?i?m
PHP ?

Gi?i thi?u v? PHP – ?u ?i?m 1
? PHP ???c s? d?ng làm
– Server Side Scripting
– CommandLine Scripting (cron – Linux, Task Scheduler –
Windows, Text Processing)
– X?y d?ng ?ng Desktop – PHP GTK

? ?a m?i tr??ng (Multi-Platform)
– Web Servers: Apache, Microsoft IIS, Caudium, Netscape
Enterprise Server
– H? ?i?u hành: UNIX (HP-UX, OpenBSD, Solaris, Linux), Mac
OSX, Windows NT/98/2000/XP/2003/vista
– H? QTCSDL: Adabas D, dBase,Empress, FilePro (read-only),
Hyperwave, IBM DB2, Informix, Ingres, InterBase, FrontBase,
mSQL, Direct MS-SQL, MySQL, ODBC, Oracle (OCI7 and OCI8),
Ovrimos, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Solid, Sybase, Velocis,Unix dbm

? Mi?n phí
PHP
Software Free
Platform
Free (Linux)
Development Tools Free (PHP Coder, jEdit, …)

? ???c s? d?ng r?ng r?i trong m?i tr??ng phát tri?n web
– 20,917,850 domains (chi?m h?n 32% tên mi?n website)
– 1,224,183 IP addresses
(04/2007 Netcraft Survey – http://www.php.net/usage.php)

Gi?i thi?u v? PHP – M?t s? website l?n
PHP at Yahoo!
http://www.yahoo.com
The Internet’s most trafficked site
Portal
Wiki
Course Management System
Portal
Bulletin Board Content Management System
Customer Relationship Management
Help Desk
e-Commerce
Portal

Gi?i thi?u v? PHP – C?n gì ?? ch?y PHP ?
? Download PHP
– Download PHP for free here:
http://www.php.net/downloads.php
? Download MySQL Database
– Download MySQL for free here:
http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html
? Download Apache Server
– Download Apache for free here:
http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi
? Download WAMP,LAMP

C? ch? ho?t ??ng c?a WebServer
2
Internet
or Intranet
www.example.com
Webserver Apache
or IIS
ServerSide Script
Parser
(PHP, ASP, ..)
Database
Server
Disk
driver
3
45
67

? Parser.asp ? Parser.php

Cú pháp & Quy ??c trong PHP
? Quy ??c
? Khai báo bi?n
? Ki?u d? li?u
? Toán t?
? C?u trúc ?i?u khi?n
? Hàm
? L?p ??i t??ng

Quy ??c
? M? l?nh PHP ???c ??t trong các c?p th? sau :
Th? m? Th? ?óng
<? ?>
<?php ?>
<script language="php"> <script>

Quy ??c
? T?t c? các c?u l?nh php ??u cách nhau b?i d?u “;”
? Kh?ng ph?n bi?t kho?ng tr?ng, Tab, xu?ng dòng trong c?u l?nh
<?php print "Hello"; print " World!"; ?>
<?php
Print “Hello” ;
print “ World!”;
?>
? Ghi chú : Theo cú pháp ghi chú c?a C++ & Perl
// ??y là ghi chú
# ??y là ghi chú
/* ??y là ghi
chú nhi?u dòng*/

Khai báo bi?n
$ten_bien = value;
? Kh?ng khai báo ki?u d? li?u
? Bi?n t? ??ng ???c kh?i t?o ? l?n ??u tiên gán giá tr? cho bi?n
? Tên bi?n :
– Có th? bao g?m các K? t? (A..Z, a..z), K? s? (0..9), _, $
– Kh?ng ???c b?t d?u b?ng k? s? (0..9)
– Ph?n bi?t ch? hoa – ch? th??ng
Ví d? :
$size $my_drink_size $_drinks $drink4you
$$2hot4u $drink-size x

Khai báo bi?n
? Variable variables
– Cho phép thay ??i tên bi?n
– Ví d?:
$varname = “Bien_moi”;
$$varname = “xyz”; // $Bien_moi = “xyz”
? H?ng s? - Constants
– Ví d?:
define(“MY_CONST”, 10);
echo MY_CONST;

Ki?u d? li?u
? boolean (bool)
? integer (int)
? double (float, real)
? string
? array
? object
1 Bi?n trong PHP có th? l?u b?t k? ki?u d? li?u nào.

Ki?u d? li?u (tt)
? Chuy?n ki?u d? li?u
– Cách 1 (automatic)
$var = "100" + 15;
$var = "100" + 15.0;
$var = 39 . " Steps";
– Cách 2: (datatype) $var
– Cách 3: settype($var, “datatype”)
$var (int)$var (bool)$var (string)$var
null 0 false “”
true 1 “1”
false 0 “”
“6 feet” 6 true
“foo” 0 true

Ki?u d? li?u (tt)
? Ki?m tra ki?u d? li?u
gettype is_string isset
is_integer is_array unset
is_double is_object empty
Ví d?:
$var = "test";
if (isset($var))
echo "Variable is Set";
if (empty($var))
echo "Variable is Empty";

Ki?u s? - int, float
? M?t s? hàm x? l? s?
– abs pow decbin srand(seed)
– ceil sqrt bindec rand
– floor log dechex rand(min, max)
– round log10 hexdec …
? Ví d?
// Phát sinh m?t “m?m” ng?u nhiên
$seed = (float) microtime( ) * 100000000;
// Kh?i t?o b? phát sinh s? ng?u nhiên
srand($seed);
// In con s? ng?u nhiên
print rand(); // Giá tr? ng?u nhiên t? 0 ??n getmaxrand( )
print rand(1, 6); // Giá tr? ng?u nhiên t? 1 ??n 6

Ki?u chu?i - string
? Toán t? n?i chu?i : d?u ch?m .
$s = “Hello” . “ World”; // $s = “Hello World”
? Ph?n bi?t d?u nháy ??n và nháy kép
$user = “Bill”;
print ?Hi $user?; // Hi $user
print “Hi $user”; // Hi Bill
print ?Hi? . $user; // ????
print ?Hi? . ?$user?; // ????
? M?t s? hàm x? l? chu?i
– printf trim strtolower
– str_pad str_replace strtoupper
– strlen substr strcasecmp
– …

Ví d?
<?
$tax = 0.075;
printf('The tax costs $%.2f', $tax);
$zip = '6520';
printf("ZIP is %05d”, $zip);
$min = -40; $max = 40;
printf("The computer can operate between %+d and %+d
degrees Celsius.", $min, $max);
?>

Ví d?
<?
echo “<pre>”
// Print a heading
echo str_pad(“Dramatis Personae", 50, " ", STR_PAD_BOTH) . “n";
// Print an index line
echo str_pad(“DUNCAN, king of Scotland”, 30, ".")
. str_pad(“Larry”, 20, ".", STR_PAD_LEFT)
. “n";
echo “</pre>”
?>

M?ng - array
? Numbered array
$words = array("Web", "Database", "Applications");
echo $words[0];
$numbers = array(1=>“one”,“two”,“three”, "four");
echo $numbers[1];
? Associated array
$array = array("first"=>1, "second"=>2, "third"=>3);
echo $array["second"];

M?ng - array
? M?t s? hàm x? l? trên m?ng
– Count in_array sort asort ksort usort
– min array_reverse rsort arsort krsprt uasort
– max uksort
? Ví d?:
$dinner = array(
'Sweet Corn and Asparagus',
'Lemon Chicken',
'Braised Bamboo Fungus');
sort($dinner);
print "I want $dinner[0] and $dinner[1].";
$dishes = count($dinner);
print $dishes;

M?ng - array
? M?t s? hàm liên quan ??n m?ng
– reset(array)
– array_push(array, elements) : Thêm elements vào cu?i m?ng
– array_pop(array) : L?y ph?n t? cu?i ra kh?i m?ng
– array_unshift(array, elements) : Thêm elements vào ??u m?ng
– array_shift(array) : L?y ph?n t? ??u ra kh?i m?ng
– array_merge(array, array) : k?t 2 m?ng l?i và tr? ra m?ng m?i
– shuffle(array) : Sort random m?ng
– sort(array, flag) : flag = {sort_regular, sort_numeric, sort_string, sort_locale_string}

Toán t?
Lo?i Toán t? Ghi chú
new
. [ ] ( )
Toán h?c + - * / % ++ --
So sánh < > <= >= != == === !==
Lu?n l? && || ?: ,
X? l? bit ! ~ << >> >>>
AND OR XOR
Gán = += -= *= /= %=
>>= <<= &= |= ^= .=
?p ki?u (ki?u d? li?u) (int) (double) (string)…

C?u trúc ?i?u khi?n
? ?i?u ki?n if
? ?i?u khi?n switch
? Vòng l?p for
? Vòng l?p while
? Vòng l?p do.. While
? Vòng l?p foreach
? T? khóa break, continue

?i?u ki?n if
if (condition)
{
statement[s] if true
}
else (condition)
{
statement[s] if false
}
Ví d?:
$x = 5;
if ($x < 4)
echo “$x is less than 4”;
else
print ?$x isn?t less than 4?;
$x isn’t less than 4

?i?u khi?n switch
switch (expression)
{
case label :
statementlist
break;
case label :
statementlist
break;
...
default :
statementlist
}
Ví d?:
$menu = 3;
switch ($menu){
case 1:
echo "You picked one";
break;
case 2:
echo "You picked two";
break;
case 3:
echo "You picked three";
case 4:
echo "You picked four";
break;
default:
echo "You picked another option";
}
You picked three You picked four

Vòng l?p for
for ([initial expression]; [condition]; [update expression])
{
statement[s] inside loop
}
? Ví d?:
print “<select>”;
for ($i = 1; $i <= 12; $i++)
{
print “<option>$i</option>”;
}
print “</select>”;

Vòng l?p while, do…while
while (expression)
{
statements
}
do
{
statements
}while (expression);
Ví d?:
$i = 1; $j = 9;
while ($i <= 10)
{
$temp = $i * $j;
print “$j * $i = $temp<br>”;
$i++;
}

Vòng l?p foreach
foreach (array as variable)
{
statements
}
Ví d?:
$meal = array('breakfast' => 'Walnut Bun',
'lunch' => 'Cashew Nuts and White Mushrooms',
'dinner' => 'Eggplant with Chili Sauce');
print "<table border=?1?>n";
foreach ($meal as $key => $value)
{
print "<tr><td>$key</td><td>$value</td></tr>n";
}
print '</table>';

Hàm - function
function functionName ([parameter1]...[,parameterN])
{
statement[s] ;
}
function functionName ([parameter1]...[,parameterN])
{
statement[s] ;
return ….. ;
}

Hàm – Ph?m vi bi?n
<?php
function doublevalue($var=5)
{
global $temp;
$temp = $var * 2;
}
$temp = 5;
doublevalue();
echo "$temp is: $temp";
?>
$temp = 5
$temp = 10

Hàm – Tham tr? vs Tham bi?n
<?php
function doublevalue( $var)
{
$var = $var * 2;
}
$variable = 5;
doublevalue($variable);
echo "$variable is: $variable";
?>
$variable = 5
$variable =10
&

Hàm – include & require
// functions.inc
<?php
function bold($string)
{
echo "<b>" . $string . "</b>n";
}
?>
// index.php
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Function Call</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#ffffff">
<?
include "functions.inc";
bold("this is bold");
$myString = "this is bold";
bold($myString);
?>
</body></html>
require "functions.inc";

L?p ??i t??ng - class
class class_name() [extends superclass_name]
{
var $attribute;
…
function method_name()
{
$this->attribute = …;
}
…
}
$a = new class_name(…);

L?p ??i t??ng - class
? Ví d?:
class Counter {
var $count = 0;
var $startPoint = 0;
function increment( ) {
$this->count++;
}
}
$aCounter = new Counter;
$aCounter->increment( );
echo $aCounter->count; // prints 1
$aCounter->count = 101;

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