The document discusses the syllabus for the EC6801 Wireless Communication course. It covers 5 units: wireless channels, cellular architecture, digital signaling for fading channels, multipath mitigation techniques, and multiple antenna techniques. The key topics covered include path loss models, small scale fading parameters, multiple access techniques, diversity combining, equalization, MIMO systems and capacity in fading channels. The document also provides sample problems for the first two units.
This document contains 10 questions related to cellular network design and analysis. The questions cover topics such as: calculating the reuse ratio of a hexagonal cell geometry; determining the optimal cluster size based on signal interference ratios; calculating cell radii based on interference thresholds; estimating call blocking probabilities; describing aspects of the AMPS cellular standard; calculating path loss and received power over distance for different propagation models; analyzing diffraction effects; and estimating the percentage of time a desired SNR is achieved over distance.
Sectorizing an omnidirectional site can increase capacity while maintaining similar interference levels.
For a propagation exponent of n=4:
- The reuse factor RCS' can be increased to ~7
- Traffic channels per sector increase from 24 to ~40
- Total Erlang capacity increases from 6.16 to 23.2
For a propagation exponent of n=3:
- RCS' can be increased to ~5.7
- Traffic channels per sector increase from 24 to ~50
- Total Erlang capacity increases more, from 16.6 to 29.4 Erlangs
The capacity gain is higher for n=3 because path loss increases more
This document provides guidelines and requirements for a coursework assignment on radio communication engineering. The assignment involves designing an audio broadcast system covering Greater London, including modulation schemes, transmitter and receiver design, and propagation modeling. It outlines four learning outcomes assessed by the questions, and criteria for passing, merit, and distinction grades. It provides context on the assignment tasks, submission process, academic integrity, and extensions. The document aims to ensure students understand the scope and evaluation of the coursework.
This document provides information about microwave communication systems. It defines microwave communication as a high radio frequency link designed to provide signal connection between two points. It operates in the 2-60 GHz band and can be analog or digital. Short, medium, and long haul systems exist based on distance and frequency used. The document discusses advantages like increased gain and reliability, as well as disadvantages like limitations in circuit design at high frequencies. It provides formulas for analyzing microwave links, including free space loss, antenna gain, system gain, and more. Worked examples of link calculations are also included.
This document discusses multiplexing and spreading techniques for bandwidth utilization and privacy/anti-jamming. It covers frequency division multiplexing (FDM), wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), time division multiplexing (TDM), statistical TDM, inverse multiplexing, frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). Examples are provided for combining voice channels using FDM, optical signal multiplexing with WDM, and modulating data streams for transmission using TDM, FHSS, and DSSS. Common applications discussed include radio/TV broadcasting, fiber optic networks, telephone systems, and digital subscriber lines.
This document contains solutions to questions about data communications techniques. It discusses topics like digital modulation techniques, data rates for different modulation schemes, synchronous time-division multiplexing (TDM) concepts and calculations, and transmission media characteristics. Sample questions are provided about amplitude modulation (AM), phase modulation (PM), frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), transmission media like twisted-pair cable and coaxial cable, and network switching techniques like circuit switching, packet switching and frame switching.
Assignment 4 Ch5 6 7 8 Data CommunicationsJim Jimenez
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This document contains solutions to questions about data communications techniques. It discusses topics like digital modulation techniques, data rates for different modulation schemes, synchronous time-division multiplexing (TDM) including frame sizes and rates, frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) bandwidth calculations, and transmission media characteristics. Multiple choice questions at the end cover additional topics such as the layers of the OSI model, circuit switching vs. packet switching, and guided vs. unguided transmission media.
Graded-index Polymer Multimode Waveguides for 100 Gb/s Board-level Data Trans...Jian Chen
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We report enhanced graded-index multimode polymer waveguides with >70GHzm for MMF launch and >200GHzm for restricted launch, indicating the capability of on-board waveguide transmission of >100 Gb/s. Simulations using the measured refractive index profile agree well with the experiments.
This document contains summaries of 14 problems related to networking concepts such as bandwidth calculations, satellite communication latencies, and cable internet infrastructure design. The summaries are concise explanations of how to calculate or solve each problem in 1-3 sentences.
RZ based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadband spectrumRamesh Patriotic
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This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse modulation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The study designs an 8-channel DWDM system using RZ pulse modulation at 2.5 Gbps over 100km of single-mode fiber. Dispersion compensation fiber is placed before the transmission fiber to reduce dispersion effects. Simulation results show that the RZ modulation technique offers improved eye diagrams, higher Q-factors, lower bit error rates, and broader transmitted spectra compared to non-return-to-zero modulation, indicating better performance for long-haul optical communication networks.
Iisrt 1-rz based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadba...IISRTJournals
油
This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse generation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems to achieve broadband transmission over long distances. The study used simulation software to model an 8-channel DWDM system with and without dispersion compensation fibers. Results showed that using RZ pulses and dispersion compensation fibers improved key performance metrics like Q-factor and minimum bit error rate compared to non-return-to-zero pulses over a 100km single mode fiber link. Graphs and eye diagrams demonstrated lower jitter and better signal quality when using the RZ and dispersion compensation technique.
RZ based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadband spectrumIISRT
油
This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse generation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems to achieve broadband transmission over long distances. The study used simulation software to model an 8-channel DWDM system with and without dispersion compensation fibers. Results showed that using RZ pulses and dispersion compensation fibers improved key performance metrics like Q-factor and minimum bit error rate compared to non-return-to-zero pulses without compensation. Analysis of eye diagrams and spectra also demonstrated lower distortion and broader transmission bandwidth when using the RZ and compensation technique.
A new power line communication modem design with applications to vast solar f...Alexander Decker
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This document summarizes a research article that presents a new power line communication (PLC) modem design for managing large solar farms. The modem uses binary frequency shift keying modulation over twin core power lines. It was designed based on analysis of the power line channel characteristics and uses a networking protocol to control data flow for long-distance communication without repeaters. The system consists of a master controller that sends sun location data to slave controllers on individual solar trackers to control their positioning for maximum solar energy collection. It can also acquire performance data from the slave controllers.
1) The document discusses small-scale fading in mobile radio propagation. Small-scale fading is caused by multipath propagation and describes rapid fluctuations in a radio signal over a short time period or travel distance.
2) It introduces the impulse response model used to model multipath channels. The received signal is a combination of multipath components that arrive at different times with different amplitudes and phases.
3) It discusses parameters used to characterize mobile multipath channels including mean excess delay, RMS delay spread, maximum excess delay, coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread, and coherence time. These parameters describe the time dispersion and time-varying nature of the channel.
1) The document discusses parameters used to characterize mobile multipath channels including power delay profile, mean excess delay, RMS delay spread, maximum excess delay, coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread, and coherence time.
2) These parameters are derived from the power delay profile and describe aspects of the channel such as time dispersion, frequency selectivity, and time variation due to Doppler shift.
3) Examples of typical values for different channel parameters are given for outdoor and indoor mobile radio channels.
1. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz, and wavelengths between 1 cm and 60 cm. They are used for applications like communications, radar, and heating.
2. There are several parameters used to analyze microwave systems including free space path loss, antenna gain, fade margin, and system reliability. Factors like frequency, path length, antenna size, and terrain affect these parameters.
3. Microwave systems have advantages like not requiring rights-of-way between stations and ability to carry large quantities of information due to short wavelengths. Challenges include difficulty in circuit design and implementation at microwave frequencies.
EE402B Radio Systems and Personal Communication Networks notesHaris Hassan
油
Programmes in which available:
Masters of Engineering - Electrical and Electronic
Engineering. Masters of Engineering - Electronic
Engineering and Computer Science. Master of Science -
Communication Systems and Wireless Networking.
Master of Science - Smart Telecom and Sensing
Networks. Master of Science - Photonic Integrated
Circuits, Sensors and Networks.
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manualpuriryrap
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Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/wireless-communication-networks-and-systems-1st-edition-beard-solutions-manual/
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manual
Lecture 5 Modulation of Need of Modulation.pptx1637ARUNIMADAS
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Modulation is necessary to transmit low frequency signals efficiently over long distances. It involves shifting the baseband signal to a higher passband frequency. This allows for easier radiation from practical antenna sizes and enables multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously through multiplexing. Modulation can also help reduce noise and interference during transmission by narrowing the signal bandwidth. Common modulation techniques include amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation.
This document discusses the interference problems that can occur between 850 MHz and 900 MHz networks when deployed in the same area. It focuses specifically on out-of-band emissions from 850 MHz base transceiver stations entering the 900 MHz uplink band. Through a link budget analysis using typical deployment assumptions, it determines the required attenuation of filters needed at various site-to-site distances and antenna isolation levels to reduce interference below sensitivity degradation thresholds. The analysis finds that filtering is necessary, as interference levels without it exceed permissible levels and could degrade coverage up to 6%. The exact attenuation required depends on several network parameters.
2025 Women Leaders Program - Award WinningSonia McDonald
油
Empower & Lead: Women in Leadership
Dive into our award-winning and dynamic programs designed to boost your confidence and equip you with bold tools and strategies. Unleash your unique leadership potential and lead with flair!
Elevate Your Game with the Women Leaders Program
Step up to the challenge with Sonia McDonalds dynamic leadership program, perfectly blending neuroscience, personal, and professional development. With over three decades of expertise in leadership and HR, Sonia has designed a program that adapts to your busy lifestyle, offering both virtual and in-house options. Explore ten robust modules equipped with an all-encompassing toolkit, infused with cutting-edge neuroscience to enhance your understanding of leadership dynamics. Choose from engaging monthly group coaching or personalized 1:1 sessions with Sonia.
If youre ready for a transformative journey focused on growth, neuroscience-backed courage, leadership, and freedom, this is your call to action. Join us and start leading like never before!
Transform Your Leadership.
Transform Your Life.
Women are underrepresented in key decision-making roles across almost all industries in the Australian workforce, women comprise only:
19.4% of CEOs
32.5% of key management positions
33% of board members
18% of board chairs.
ITS TIME FOR CHANGE. JOIN THE PROGRAM TODAY.
Maximise Your Leadership Skills
Achieve the best results for yourself, your team, and for the business.
Develop & Grow Your Courage
Build courageous habits to live the life you choose.
Enhance Your Career Progression
Step in, stand up, lead and get your seat at the Table.
https://soniamcdonald.com.au/women-leaders-program/
Graded-index Polymer Multimode Waveguides for 100 Gb/s Board-level Data Trans...Jian Chen
油
We report enhanced graded-index multimode polymer waveguides with >70GHzm for MMF launch and >200GHzm for restricted launch, indicating the capability of on-board waveguide transmission of >100 Gb/s. Simulations using the measured refractive index profile agree well with the experiments.
This document contains summaries of 14 problems related to networking concepts such as bandwidth calculations, satellite communication latencies, and cable internet infrastructure design. The summaries are concise explanations of how to calculate or solve each problem in 1-3 sentences.
RZ based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadband spectrumRamesh Patriotic
油
This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse modulation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems. The study designs an 8-channel DWDM system using RZ pulse modulation at 2.5 Gbps over 100km of single-mode fiber. Dispersion compensation fiber is placed before the transmission fiber to reduce dispersion effects. Simulation results show that the RZ modulation technique offers improved eye diagrams, higher Q-factors, lower bit error rates, and broader transmitted spectra compared to non-return-to-zero modulation, indicating better performance for long-haul optical communication networks.
Iisrt 1-rz based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadba...IISRTJournals
油
This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse generation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems to achieve broadband transmission over long distances. The study used simulation software to model an 8-channel DWDM system with and without dispersion compensation fibers. Results showed that using RZ pulses and dispersion compensation fibers improved key performance metrics like Q-factor and minimum bit error rate compared to non-return-to-zero pulses over a 100km single mode fiber link. Graphs and eye diagrams demonstrated lower jitter and better signal quality when using the RZ and dispersion compensation technique.
RZ based dispersion compensation technique in dwdm system for broadband spectrumIISRT
油
This document summarizes a study on using return-to-zero (RZ) pulse generation and dispersion compensation techniques in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) systems to achieve broadband transmission over long distances. The study used simulation software to model an 8-channel DWDM system with and without dispersion compensation fibers. Results showed that using RZ pulses and dispersion compensation fibers improved key performance metrics like Q-factor and minimum bit error rate compared to non-return-to-zero pulses without compensation. Analysis of eye diagrams and spectra also demonstrated lower distortion and broader transmission bandwidth when using the RZ and compensation technique.
A new power line communication modem design with applications to vast solar f...Alexander Decker
油
This document summarizes a research article that presents a new power line communication (PLC) modem design for managing large solar farms. The modem uses binary frequency shift keying modulation over twin core power lines. It was designed based on analysis of the power line channel characteristics and uses a networking protocol to control data flow for long-distance communication without repeaters. The system consists of a master controller that sends sun location data to slave controllers on individual solar trackers to control their positioning for maximum solar energy collection. It can also acquire performance data from the slave controllers.
1) The document discusses small-scale fading in mobile radio propagation. Small-scale fading is caused by multipath propagation and describes rapid fluctuations in a radio signal over a short time period or travel distance.
2) It introduces the impulse response model used to model multipath channels. The received signal is a combination of multipath components that arrive at different times with different amplitudes and phases.
3) It discusses parameters used to characterize mobile multipath channels including mean excess delay, RMS delay spread, maximum excess delay, coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread, and coherence time. These parameters describe the time dispersion and time-varying nature of the channel.
1) The document discusses parameters used to characterize mobile multipath channels including power delay profile, mean excess delay, RMS delay spread, maximum excess delay, coherence bandwidth, Doppler spread, and coherence time.
2) These parameters are derived from the power delay profile and describe aspects of the channel such as time dispersion, frequency selectivity, and time variation due to Doppler shift.
3) Examples of typical values for different channel parameters are given for outdoor and indoor mobile radio channels.
1. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies between 500 MHz and 300 GHz, and wavelengths between 1 cm and 60 cm. They are used for applications like communications, radar, and heating.
2. There are several parameters used to analyze microwave systems including free space path loss, antenna gain, fade margin, and system reliability. Factors like frequency, path length, antenna size, and terrain affect these parameters.
3. Microwave systems have advantages like not requiring rights-of-way between stations and ability to carry large quantities of information due to short wavelengths. Challenges include difficulty in circuit design and implementation at microwave frequencies.
EE402B Radio Systems and Personal Communication Networks notesHaris Hassan
油
Programmes in which available:
Masters of Engineering - Electrical and Electronic
Engineering. Masters of Engineering - Electronic
Engineering and Computer Science. Master of Science -
Communication Systems and Wireless Networking.
Master of Science - Smart Telecom and Sensing
Networks. Master of Science - Photonic Integrated
Circuits, Sensors and Networks.
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manualpuriryrap
油
Full download : http://alibabadownload.com/product/wireless-communication-networks-and-systems-1st-edition-beard-solutions-manual/
Wireless Communication Networks and Systems 1st Edition Beard Solutions Manual
Lecture 5 Modulation of Need of Modulation.pptx1637ARUNIMADAS
油
Modulation is necessary to transmit low frequency signals efficiently over long distances. It involves shifting the baseband signal to a higher passband frequency. This allows for easier radiation from practical antenna sizes and enables multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously through multiplexing. Modulation can also help reduce noise and interference during transmission by narrowing the signal bandwidth. Common modulation techniques include amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, and phase modulation.
This document discusses the interference problems that can occur between 850 MHz and 900 MHz networks when deployed in the same area. It focuses specifically on out-of-band emissions from 850 MHz base transceiver stations entering the 900 MHz uplink band. Through a link budget analysis using typical deployment assumptions, it determines the required attenuation of filters needed at various site-to-site distances and antenna isolation levels to reduce interference below sensitivity degradation thresholds. The analysis finds that filtering is necessary, as interference levels without it exceed permissible levels and could degrade coverage up to 6%. The exact attenuation required depends on several network parameters.
2025 Women Leaders Program - Award WinningSonia McDonald
油
Empower & Lead: Women in Leadership
Dive into our award-winning and dynamic programs designed to boost your confidence and equip you with bold tools and strategies. Unleash your unique leadership potential and lead with flair!
Elevate Your Game with the Women Leaders Program
Step up to the challenge with Sonia McDonalds dynamic leadership program, perfectly blending neuroscience, personal, and professional development. With over three decades of expertise in leadership and HR, Sonia has designed a program that adapts to your busy lifestyle, offering both virtual and in-house options. Explore ten robust modules equipped with an all-encompassing toolkit, infused with cutting-edge neuroscience to enhance your understanding of leadership dynamics. Choose from engaging monthly group coaching or personalized 1:1 sessions with Sonia.
If youre ready for a transformative journey focused on growth, neuroscience-backed courage, leadership, and freedom, this is your call to action. Join us and start leading like never before!
Transform Your Leadership.
Transform Your Life.
Women are underrepresented in key decision-making roles across almost all industries in the Australian workforce, women comprise only:
19.4% of CEOs
32.5% of key management positions
33% of board members
18% of board chairs.
ITS TIME FOR CHANGE. JOIN THE PROGRAM TODAY.
Maximise Your Leadership Skills
Achieve the best results for yourself, your team, and for the business.
Develop & Grow Your Courage
Build courageous habits to live the life you choose.
Enhance Your Career Progression
Step in, stand up, lead and get your seat at the Table.
https://soniamcdonald.com.au/women-leaders-program/
Design approaches and ethical challenges in Artificial Intelligence tools for...Yannis
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The recent technology of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has undeniable advantages, especially with regard to improving the efficiency of all stakeholders in the education process.
At the same time, almost all responsible international organisations and experts in the field of education and educational technology point out a multitude of general ethical problems that need to be addressed. Many of these problems have already arisen in previous models of artificial intelligence or even in systems based on learning data, and several are appearing for the first time.
In this short contribution, we will briefly review some dimensions of ethical problems, both (a) the general ones related to trust, transparency, privacy, personal data security, accountability, environmental responsibility, bias, power imbalance, etc., and (b) the more directly related to teaching, learning, and education, such as students' critical thinking, the social role of education, the development of teachers' professional competences, etc.
In addition, the categorizations of possible service allocation to humans and AI tools, the human-centered approach to designing AI tools and learning data, as well as the more general design of ethics-aware applications and activities will be briefly presented. Finally, some short illustrative examples will be presented to set the basis for the debate in relation to ethical and other dilemmas.
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This slides provide you the information regarding the sexually transmitted diseases as well as about the urinary tract infection. The presentation is based on the syllabus of Bachelor of Pharmacy semester 6 of subject name Pharmacology-III. The data is occupied from the high standard books and along with easy understanding of data.
S. Y. G. N. M. CHILD HEALTH NURSING Leukemia in Children.pptxsachin7989
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Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It occurs when abnormal white blood cells accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells.
Types of Leukemia
1. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): A type of leukemia that affects the lymphoid cells.
2. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A type of leukemia that affects the myeloid cells.
3. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): A type of leukemia that affects the lymphoid cells and progresses slowly.
4. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): A type of leukemia that affects the myeloid cells and progresses slowly.
Symptoms of Leukemia
1. Fatigue
2. Weight loss
3. Pale skin
4. Bruising or bleeding easily
5. Bone or joint pain
6. Swollen lymph nodes
7. Loss of appetite
Treatment of Leukemia
1. Chemotherapy
2. Radiation therapy
3. Bone marrow transplant
4. Targeted therapy
Thalassemia
Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body's tissues.
Types of Thalassemia
1. Alpha-Thalassemia: A type of thalassemia that affects the production of alpha-globin chains.
2. Beta-Thalassemia: A type of thalassemia that affects the production of beta-globin chains.
Symptoms of Thalassemia
1. Anemia
2. Fatigue
3. Pale skin
4. Shortness of breath
5. Enlarged spleen
6. Bone deformities
Treatment of Thalassemia
1. Blood transfusions
2. Iron chelation therapy
3. Bone marrow transplant
4. Gene therapy
Tollywood Quiz- 21st March 2025, Quiz Club NITWQuiz Club NITW
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The most anticipated Tollywood Quiz, organised by the Quiz Club NITW, was held on March 21, 2025. The quiz set will take you on a nostalgic journey through iconic movies and their unforgettable songs and dialogues.
How to Manage Purchase Order Approval in Odoo 18Celine George
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In Odoo 18, you can set a minimum amount as a limit, and whenever an order comes above the limit, it requires the approval of the manager. In this slide, we are diving into the crucial aspect of procurement, which is managing purchase order approval.
How to Grant Discounts in Sale Order Lines in Odoo 18 SalesCeline George
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Odoo offers several ways to apply the discounts on sales orders, providing flexibility for various scenarios. The discounts applied on the sales order lines are global discounts, fixed discounts, and discounts on all order lines. In this slide, we will learn how to grant discounts on the sale order line in Odoo 18.
World Cancer Day By Priscilla Jasper Vedam Vemavarapu @ASRHMCjaspervedamvemavarap
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wireless communication tutorial questions
1. Tutorial 3
Wireless and Mobile
Communication
SARDAR VALLABHBHAI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
SURAT
2. Question 1
a) Sketch the Power Delay Profile of the channel in
dBm.
b) What is the local average power in dBm?
c) What is the rms delay spread of the channel?
( )=
=0
2
10
6
2
+1
( 10
6
)
3. Question 1 (continued)
d) If 256 QAM modulation having a bit rate of 2 Megabits per
second in applied to the channel, will the modulation
undergo flat or frequency selective fading? Explain your
answer.
e) Over what bandwidth will the channel appear to have
constant gain?
( )=
=0
2
10
6
2
+1
( 106
)
4. Question 2
A local spatial average of a power delay
profile is shown in Figure.
a) Determine the rms delay spread and
mean excess delay for the channel.
b) Determine the maximum excess
delay.
5. Question 2 (continued)
A local spatial average of a power delay profile is
shown in Figure.
c) If the channel is to be used with a
modulation that requires an equalizer
whenever the symbol duration T is less than
10 t determine the maxim RF symbol rate
that can be supported without requiring an
equalizer.
6. Question 2 (continued)
A local spatial average of a power delay
profile is shown in Figure.
d) If a mobile travelling at 30 km/h
receives a signal through the
channel, determine the time over
which the channel appears
stationary. Assume fc =900 MHz.
7. Question 3
What is the delay spread bound max of a 220 MHz radio
system if PT = 1 watt (+ 30 dBm) and PRmin = -90 dBm?
How much is max if sensitivity of the receiver is improved to
PRmin = -100 dBm? Why does increased sensitivity or
increased system gain, Gs = PT PRmin, lead to a higher delay
spread bound?
8. Question 4
Determine the proper spatial sampling interval required to make
small scale propagation measurement which assumes that
consecutive samples are highly correlated in time. How many
samples will be required over 10 m travel distance if Fc = 1900
MHz and v = 50 m/s? How long would it take to make these
measurements, assuming they could be done in real time from a
moving vehicle? What is the Doppler spread BD for the channel?