�ݺ�ߣ

Meningitis is a disease
caused
by
the
inflammation
of
the
protective
membranes
covering the brain and
spinal cord known as the
meninges.
The
inflammation is usually
caused by an infection of
the fluid surrounding the
brain and spinal cord.

HISTORY
1. It is suggested that HIPPOCRATES may have realized
existence of meningitis.
2. First recorded major outbreak ---GENEVA 1805
3. In Africa ---1840, more common in 20th century
4. Mortality rate was high(upto 90 %) in early reports
5. Penicillin was first reported to be effective in
meningitis

*Bacterial Meningitis
*Viral Meningitis

*Parasitic Meningitis
*Fungal Meningitis
*Non Infectious Meningitis

CAUSES OF MENINGITIS
VIRAL

BACTERIAL
Haemophilus influenzae
Neisseria meningitidis

mosquito-borne viruses.
Echovirus
coxsackieviruses A and B

Streptococcus
pneumoniae

polioviruses,

Escherichia coli

Arboviruses

Listeria monocytogenes

Herpes family viruses

Nonpolio enteroviruses(rhinoviruses)

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Acquired from both
Community

Health care settings

EPIDEMIOLOGY
Largest epidemic ever recorded in
history swept across entire region in
1996-97 causing over 250,000 cases
and 25,000 deaths

FACTORS
Medical conditions
Demographic conditions
Socio economic conditions

Climate conditions
Concurrent infections

LAB WORK
CBC w/diff,chem 10
Blood cultures
CT head w/o contrast

Lumbar puncture and CSF studies

COMPLICATIONS
(HACTIVE)
•Hydrocephalus
•Abcess
•Cerebritis and cranial nerve lesion
•Thrombosis

•Infarct
•Ventriculitis and ventriculopathy
•Extra axial collections

PREVENTIVE
VACINATION THERAPY
Polio vaccine:
this vaccine is also called inactivated polio
vaccine or IPV
prevent a disease called polio.
Infants and children usually get 4 doses of IPV.
The vaccine is usually given at ages 2 months, 4
months, between 6 and 18 months, and between
4 and 6 years of age.

MMR vaccine:
prevent measles, mumps, and rubella.
Children 1 year of age and older get 2 doses.
usually given between ages 15 and 18 months
and again between ages 4 and 6 years.

Varicella vaccine:
prevent infection with varicella
(chickenpox).
Children usually get 2 chickenpox
vaccinations.
The first dose usually is given between
12 and 15 months of age.
The second dose usually is given
between 4 and 6 years of age.
Any older child or adult who is not
fully vaccinated or who has never had
chickenpox should receive the vaccine

Influenza vaccine:
prevent influenza (flu).
older than age 6 months should
get a yearly influenza vaccine.
usually in october or november
each year.

Acyclovir
Phenytoin
Acetaminophen
Promethazine

CASE NO # 2
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

PRETREATMENT EVALUATION
History — the following historical
information should be obtained before
antimicrobial therapy of presumed
bacterial meningitis is instituted.
●Serious drug allergies
●Recent exposure to someone with
meningitis
●A recent infection (especially
respiratory or ear infection)
●Recent use of antibiotics
●Recent travel, particularly to areas
with endemic meningococcal disease
such as sub-Saharan Africa
●A history of injection drug use
●Otorrhea or rhinorrhea

PREVENTIVE MEASURES
Clean surfaces with soap and water. Disinfect with a solution that
has water and chlorine-containing bleach.
Completely heat chilled foods before you eat or serve them.
Discard tissue after you wipe or blow your nose.
Wash your hands often with soap and water.
Do not share food or drinks.

DIET FOR MENINGITIS
PATIENTS
• In the case of meningitis fruits and vegetables that are rich in vitamins A, B, C,
D and E such as watermelon, grapefruit, cantaloupes, papaya, broccoli,
carrots, cabbage and dark green leafy vegetables are very helpful in
strengthening the immune system
• foods to avoid include dairy products, meats, sugary foods, white flour foods,
salt, caffeinated beverages and even alcoholic drinks.

�ݺ�ߣ

Meningitis

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot (20)

Similar to Meningitis (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Meningitis