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ascomycota fungi crop rotation alternaria fungi classification plant pathology hemileia vastatrix protozoa chromista nematode oomycota phytophthora infestans plasmopara viticola peronosclerospora cubensis basidiomycota zycomycota chytridiomycota rna virus dna virus plant diseases exclusion consignment after entry translation transcription anamorphic fungi plant quarantine helminthosporium penicillium fusarium pestalotiopsis phyllostica pyricularia oryzae firmicutes actinobacteria proteobacteria anthracnose colletotrichum aspergillus pycnidium acervuli conidiophore krik et al conidia aseuxal fungi imperfect fungi deutromycetes genetically modified plants vas deference the testis reproductive structure epidermal bilaterally symmetrical phytonematodes triploblastic plant nematology enterobacteriales xanthomonas pseudomonas gammaproteobacteria betaproteobacteria alphaproteobacteria streptomycetaceae streptomycet nocardiaceae microbacteriaceae phytoplasma spiroplasma acholeplasmatales entoplasmatales mollicutes clostridia bacilli genome replication uncoating plant virus replication dna extraction fungal pathogen q pcr nested pcr immune capture pcr rt- pcr long-range pcr. multiplex pcr. nucleotides (dntps) primers dna polymerase template dna exten annealing denaturation types of pcr polymerase chain reaction pcr rna virus replication dna virus replication dsdna virus ssrna virus plant virus replication of virus release of new virion penetration replication vedic period colonial british colonial british era environmental protection reducing poverty food security gcard cgiar bhakra dam crystallized sugar tamil people early indian history industrial agriculture 2000 bce 1st windmill 2737 bce tea is discovered sumerians cattle herding origin of agriculture history of agriculture tmv rna polymerase mrna to protein host cell machinery three base code words dna dependent rna polymerase protein synthesis ribosome trna mrna release of virion plantvirus history of microscope application of microscope principles of microscope light microscope compound microscope simple microscope parts of microscope classification of microscope microscope bright field microscope propiconazole bacillus pumilus bacillus subtilis pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphorus fertilizers nitrogen weak pathogen necrotrophic buoyant sclerotial bodies nakatae oryzae helminthosporium sigmoideum leptosphaeria salvinii sordariomycetes magnaporthe salvinii canttaneo sclerotium oryzae stem rot of rice plasmodiophorea pucciniomycotina ustilaginomycotina agaricomycotina pezizomycotina saccharomycotina taphrinomycota glomeromycota mycology taphrinomycetes rhizopus sporangiospore albugo pythium plasmodiophora brassicae dictionary of fungi ainsworth robert h whittaker three kingdom classification wave length refractive index numerical aperture resolving power resolutions magnification disadvantage of microscope advanatge of microscope roughing post entry quarantine quarantine control indigenous pests phytosanitory urocystis tritici dip 1914 isolation detection and indentification exotic pest foreign diseases post entry qurantine plant quarantine law seed certification virus plant debris biological control removal of infected plants water management use of disease resistant controlled access sanitation certification inspection quarantine bacteria anguina tritici meloidogyne spp. heterodera avenae quarantine regulation citrus canker seed treatment time of sowing geographical area therapy immunization resistance protection eradication avoidance epidemiological genetical cultural crop production disease management up locust destruction distributed across the nation detection and identification wto ( world trade organization sanitary and phytosanitary (dip act) of 1914 exotics organism legally based defense system pests and diseases agricultural commodities legal restriction 40 days period ejaculatory duct