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Intro to Trans 350 methods of translation

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Akashgary

The document discusses different methods of translation, including literal and free translation. It describes literal translation as either word-for-word, one-to-one, or meaning-based translation while retaining the structure of the source language. Free translation focuses on conveying the overall message or spirit rather than strict word-for-word rendering, allowing looser interpretation. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of each approach.

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|| Methods of translation ||
Introduction |L| | | What is the meaning of method of translation? We can defined it as the way we translate, whether we translate literally or freely, the words or the meaning , the form or content , the letter or the spirit , the manner or the matter, the direct meaning or the implied meaning, and so on. Do you || get that?! LETS CONTINUE
Introduction |L| | | Writer on translation have suggested different methods based two major old-new methods of translation, LITERAL and FREE. Do you || get that?! LETS CONTINUE
1- literal translation |L| | | literal translation is understood and applied in three different ways: Word-for-word translation: Each English Word is translated into equivalent word in Arabic which is kept the same as, and in line with that of English: e.g.
1- e.g. Word-for-word translation: That child is intelligent How can we translate this sentence by using this method ? That child is intelligent 悵 悋愀 悵悋 ( 悵悋 悋愀 悵 ) Do you || get that?! LETS CONTINUE
Disadvantages of this method This method is risky as it may disrupt meaning and, hence, translation, for a number of reasons, some of which are:
Disadvantages of this method It ignores the target language completely, making it subject to the source language wholly and entirely For example: ( 悵悋 悋愀 悵 ) intelligent That child is But the correct is: 悵悋 悋愀 悵 LETS CONTINUE
Disadvantages of this method It disregards the grammatical differences between two language For example: Mary wanted to take tea 悋惘 悋惘悋惆惠 悋 惠悖悽悵 愆悋悋 wrong ( 悖惘悋惆惠 悋惘 悋 惠愆惘惡 ( 惠惠悋 ) 愆悋悋 ) correct LETS CONTINUE
Disadvantages of this method 3.It transfers the SL grammar and word order . It does not acknowledge the different word order (s) of two language . For example: He is living from hand to mouth ) 惺悋悧愆悋ﾙﾙ 惆 悒 ) wrong Correct 惺愆 惺 悋悋
Disadvantages of this method It has no respect for the context of the words in language and allows for words to be understood in isolation, not in combination with other surrounding words. For example: please stay with me on the campus wrong 惷 悋惡 惺 惺 悋忰惘 悋悴悋惺 correct 惷 悋惡 惺 悋忰惘 悋悴悋惺 LETS CONTINUE
Disadvantages for this method 5 .It transfers the primary (or common) meaning of words. By this, it dismisses the possibility of any polysemous, special indirect or metaphorical use of words. For example: stop beating about the bush wrong 悖 悋惷惘惡 忰 悋愆悴惘悸 correct 惺 悋 悋惆惘悋 / 惺 悋惘悋愃悸
Disadvantages of this method It cannot deal with SL words that have no equivalents in the TL For example: This man is a big shot wrong 悵悋 悋惘悴 惡惘悸 惘悸 correct 悵悋 悋惘悴 惺惴 悋愆悖 /
Disadvantages of this method 7- It views meanings as the product of words only, which is not acceptable. For example: I know this information wrong 悖悋 悖惺惘 悵 悋惺悸 correct 悖惺惘 悵 悋惺悋惠
2-One to-one literal translation One to-one literal translation is to Newmark a boarder form of translation, each SL words has a corresponding TL word He also adds One to-one translation is more common than word-for-word translation
2-One to-one literal translation this method of translation means to translate each SL word or phrase into an identical word or phrase in the TL, with the same number, grammatical class and type of language. noun is translated into a noun two noun into two nouns One adjectives into one Idioms into idioms and so on
2-One to-one literal translation For example: My neighbors are good 悴惘悋 愀惡
2-One to-one literal translation This method of literal translation is similar to the first one in two respects: It retains the SL word order in the TL It insists on having the same type and number of words
2-One to-one literal translation It is different from it in two respects too: It take context into consideration It translate collocational meaning, special and metaphorical SL words and phrase into their TL equivalents, if and when available. Therefore, it is acceptable and better than word-for-word translation
Disadvantages of this method It transfers the SL grammar and word order, regardless of the TL grammar and word order: (a)- starting all the Arabic versions with a subject then a verb each, ignoring sentences( ( 悋悴悸 悋悋愕悸 And the start with the verb in verbal sentences ( ( 悋悴悸 悋惺悸
Disadvantages of this method B- Insisting on translating verb be into and have into only in all examples. _______________ C- translating all personal pronouns.
3-lieral translation of meaning: Direct translation It is the translation of meaning in context; it takes into account the TL grammar and word order. It can be described as: full translation of meaning . the best method of literal translation. For example: To run in the race 悴惘 惘惷 悋愕惡悋 To run a company 惆惘 愆惘悸 In the long run 惺 悋惆 悋惡惺惆
Ok we finished the literal translation lets continue to second method || Free translation ||
|| Free translation || It means to translate without constraints. The translators is not strictly constraints by the type of the text or context, or the direct and available meaning of words and phrases, looking perhaps for the spirit, or the message. He can translate something the way he understands it.
|| Free translation || All other terms pointed out above and used nowadays to substitute for free, such as communicative, dynamic, pragmatic, creative and idiomatic coincide with many of these implications.
Bound Free Translation This type of free translation is derived from the context in a direct way, though it may go out of it in some way or another , in the form of exaggeration ,expressivity , and effective, rhetorical or formal language . It is the type we usually understand by the term free translation .
Examples:- He got nothing at the end ( 惘悴惺 惡悽 忰 / 惺悋惆 悽悋 悋悋惷 ) She was sad deep down ( 惠愀惘 惡悋 悋忰慍 / 悖惶惡忰 悗悋惆悋 悋惘愃悋 )
Common among these translation is their expressive ,effective ,rhetorical and very formal Arabic , by means of using: A- Expression from the Holy Quran (10); B- a prophetic Tradition (i.g.Sunnah)(4); C- popular religious expression (9); D- proverbs(1); 悋惠愀 惶悸 + 悖愕惘惺 悋惡惘 E- collocation(2,3)
F- Poetry (5&6); G- pompous , exaggerated expressions(7) All these free translation are derived in one way or another from the original .
B-Loose Free Translation : This free translation method goes far away from the direct linguistic context to inferences. It is based on the translator's conclusions about what the speak-writer want to say .
Example : * Thank you , Mr. Wilson . Next please . ( 惠惷 惡悋悋惶惘悋 悋 愕惆 愕 . 惺惆悋 愃惘 ) The speaker says thank you to a guest or customer at the end of their meeting , as an indirect way to ask him-her to leave .so ,instead of asking him-her directly to leave he goes for thank you which is understood as will you leave, the interview is over
THE END OF PRESENTATON Students : Ashwag Al-mazamomy Sara Mohammed Thank u Ashwag and Sara Dr Amira Kashgary

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Intro to Trans 350 methods of translation

  • 1. || Methods of translation ||
  • 2. Introduction |L| | | What is the meaning of method of translation? We can defined it as the way we translate, whether we translate literally or freely, the words or the meaning , the form or content , the letter or the spirit , the manner or the matter, the direct meaning or the implied meaning, and so on. Do you || get that?! LETS CONTINUE
  • 3. Introduction |L| | | Writer on translation have suggested different methods based two major old-new methods of translation, LITERAL and FREE. Do you || get that?! LETS CONTINUE
  • 4. 1- literal translation |L| | | literal translation is understood and applied in three different ways: Word-for-word translation: Each English Word is translated into equivalent word in Arabic which is kept the same as, and in line with that of English: e.g.
  • 5. 1- e.g. Word-for-word translation: That child is intelligent How can we translate this sentence by using this method ? That child is intelligent 悵 悋愀 悵悋 ( 悵悋 悋愀 悵 ) Do you || get that?! LETS CONTINUE
  • 6. Disadvantages of this method This method is risky as it may disrupt meaning and, hence, translation, for a number of reasons, some of which are:
  • 7. Disadvantages of this method It ignores the target language completely, making it subject to the source language wholly and entirely For example: ( 悵悋 悋愀 悵 ) intelligent That child is But the correct is: 悵悋 悋愀 悵 LETS CONTINUE
  • 8. Disadvantages of this method It disregards the grammatical differences between two language For example: Mary wanted to take tea 悋惘 悋惘悋惆惠 悋 惠悖悽悵 愆悋悋 wrong ( 悖惘悋惆惠 悋惘 悋 惠愆惘惡 ( 惠惠悋 ) 愆悋悋 ) correct LETS CONTINUE
  • 9. Disadvantages of this method 3.It transfers the SL grammar and word order . It does not acknowledge the different word order (s) of two language . For example: He is living from hand to mouth ) 惺悋悧愆悋ﾙﾙ 惆 悒 ) wrong Correct 惺愆 惺 悋悋
  • 10. Disadvantages of this method It has no respect for the context of the words in language and allows for words to be understood in isolation, not in combination with other surrounding words. For example: please stay with me on the campus wrong 惷 悋惡 惺 惺 悋忰惘 悋悴悋惺 correct 惷 悋惡 惺 悋忰惘 悋悴悋惺 LETS CONTINUE
  • 11. Disadvantages for this method 5 .It transfers the primary (or common) meaning of words. By this, it dismisses the possibility of any polysemous, special indirect or metaphorical use of words. For example: stop beating about the bush wrong 悖 悋惷惘惡 忰 悋愆悴惘悸 correct 惺 悋 悋惆惘悋 / 惺 悋惘悋愃悸
  • 12. Disadvantages of this method It cannot deal with SL words that have no equivalents in the TL For example: This man is a big shot wrong 悵悋 悋惘悴 惡惘悸 惘悸 correct 悵悋 悋惘悴 惺惴 悋愆悖 /
  • 13. Disadvantages of this method 7- It views meanings as the product of words only, which is not acceptable. For example: I know this information wrong 悖悋 悖惺惘 悵 悋惺悸 correct 悖惺惘 悵 悋惺悋惠
  • 14. 2-One to-one literal translation One to-one literal translation is to Newmark a boarder form of translation, each SL words has a corresponding TL word He also adds One to-one translation is more common than word-for-word translation
  • 15. 2-One to-one literal translation this method of translation means to translate each SL word or phrase into an identical word or phrase in the TL, with the same number, grammatical class and type of language. noun is translated into a noun two noun into two nouns One adjectives into one Idioms into idioms and so on
  • 16. 2-One to-one literal translation For example: My neighbors are good 悴惘悋 愀惡
  • 17. 2-One to-one literal translation This method of literal translation is similar to the first one in two respects: It retains the SL word order in the TL It insists on having the same type and number of words
  • 18. 2-One to-one literal translation It is different from it in two respects too: It take context into consideration It translate collocational meaning, special and metaphorical SL words and phrase into their TL equivalents, if and when available. Therefore, it is acceptable and better than word-for-word translation
  • 19. Disadvantages of this method It transfers the SL grammar and word order, regardless of the TL grammar and word order: (a)- starting all the Arabic versions with a subject then a verb each, ignoring sentences( ( 悋悴悸 悋悋愕悸 And the start with the verb in verbal sentences ( ( 悋悴悸 悋惺悸
  • 20. Disadvantages of this method B- Insisting on translating verb be into and have into only in all examples. _______________ C- translating all personal pronouns.
  • 21. 3-lieral translation of meaning: Direct translation It is the translation of meaning in context; it takes into account the TL grammar and word order. It can be described as: full translation of meaning . the best method of literal translation. For example: To run in the race 悴惘 惘惷 悋愕惡悋 To run a company 惆惘 愆惘悸 In the long run 惺 悋惆 悋惡惺惆
  • 22. Ok we finished the literal translation lets continue to second method || Free translation ||
  • 23. || Free translation || It means to translate without constraints. The translators is not strictly constraints by the type of the text or context, or the direct and available meaning of words and phrases, looking perhaps for the spirit, or the message. He can translate something the way he understands it.
  • 24. || Free translation || All other terms pointed out above and used nowadays to substitute for free, such as communicative, dynamic, pragmatic, creative and idiomatic coincide with many of these implications.
  • 25. Bound Free Translation This type of free translation is derived from the context in a direct way, though it may go out of it in some way or another , in the form of exaggeration ,expressivity , and effective, rhetorical or formal language . It is the type we usually understand by the term free translation .
  • 26. Examples:- He got nothing at the end ( 惘悴惺 惡悽 忰 / 惺悋惆 悽悋 悋悋惷 ) She was sad deep down ( 惠愀惘 惡悋 悋忰慍 / 悖惶惡忰 悗悋惆悋 悋惘愃悋 )
  • 27. Common among these translation is their expressive ,effective ,rhetorical and very formal Arabic , by means of using: A- Expression from the Holy Quran (10); B- a prophetic Tradition (i.g.Sunnah)(4); C- popular religious expression (9); D- proverbs(1); 悋惠愀 惶悸 + 悖愕惘惺 悋惡惘 E- collocation(2,3)
  • 28. F- Poetry (5&6); G- pompous , exaggerated expressions(7) All these free translation are derived in one way or another from the original .
  • 29. B-Loose Free Translation : This free translation method goes far away from the direct linguistic context to inferences. It is based on the translator's conclusions about what the speak-writer want to say .
  • 30. Example : * Thank you , Mr. Wilson . Next please . ( 惠惷 惡悋悋惶惘悋 悋 愕惆 愕 . 惺惆悋 愃惘 ) The speaker says thank you to a guest or customer at the end of their meeting , as an indirect way to ask him-her to leave .so ,instead of asking him-her directly to leave he goes for thank you which is understood as will you leave, the interview is over
  • 31. THE END OF PRESENTATON Students : Ashwag Al-mazamomy Sara Mohammed Thank u Ashwag and Sara Dr Amira Kashgary