A.Sanchez_Part1_Planning and Scheduling Construction Projects_The Planning Process
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The document provides guidance on developing and reviewing baseline construction schedules. It discusses common planning problems, the importance of the planning process before scheduling, and key elements to define the schedule basis such as assumptions, exclusions, constraints and productivity rates. It also covers estimating construction durations, developing resource loaded schedules, and factors that can impact the baseline schedule such as location, labor availability, and construction methods.
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A.Sanchez_Part1_Planning and Scheduling Construction Projects_The Planning Process
- 2. Alberto油Sanchez BEng,油MsCLog,油MIntBus,油GradCertEnSt Alberto has over 20 years of experience delivering capital projects with values from $100 million to over $10 billion in AsiaPacific, Middle East, Europe and Central Asia and Latin America in the private and public sector. He has worked across different industries including oil and gas, chemicals, utilities and infrastructure throughout all project phases (feasibility studies through to commissioning) as project controls manager, head of project controls, planning manager and head of capital projects for international oil companies, E&C contractors and consulting firms 2 Alberto holds a bachelor degree in civil engineering, master degree in logistics and operations, master degree in business and postgraduate in energy studies from recognised Australian universities. He is often requested as a keynote speaker at major companies and industry conferences worldwide on planning/scheduling, risk management and modular construction. He油is油always油interested油in油hearing油from油former油colleagues,油clients,油or油just油 interesting油folk,油so油feel油free油to油contact油him
- 3. Contents Part油1:油The油Planning油Process Common油planning油problems The油planning油and油scheduling油process The油schedule油basis Productivity油rates油and油construction油durations Resource油loaded油schedules油and油resource油leveling Some油factors油impacting油the油baseline油schedule Part油2:油Schedule油Assurance油Review Schedule油quality油review Schedule油risk油review Schedule油benchmark油review Conclusion油 3 Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez
- 4. Common油planning油problems PreAward PostAward Bid油/油NoBid油Phase Bid Phase Initiation油Phase Execution油Phase Schedule油benchmark油is油not油 applicable油or油incorrect油 (e.g.油different油country) Proposal油schedule油is油 developed油without油clear油 execution油strategies油 Proposal油schedule油does油 not油fully油reflect油the油project油 scope油 Failure油to油develop油 unbiased油proposal油 schedules油(over油optimistic油 schedule) Proposal油schedule油is油 developed油by planners/schedulers油with油 limited油experience Durations油are油estimated油 without油key油info油such油as油 quantities,油local油content,油 construction油methods,油etc. Lack油of油centralised油 database油with油productivity油 rates油and油project油historical油 data油 Poor油identification油and油 quantification油of油schedule油 risks油and油opportunities油 during油the油proposal油 schedule油development油 Baseline油schedule油does油not油 reflect油the油final油negotiated油 scope Poor油identification油and油 quantification油of油schedule油 risks油and油opportunities油 during油the油baseline油 schedule油development油 Baseline油schedule油is油 developed油by planners/schedulers油with油 limited油experience Difficulties油to油transfer油 schedule油liabilities油to油 subcontractors油and油 suppliers Lack油of油knowledge油and/or油 understanding油of油 contractual油obligations油 Delay油in油payment油 milestones油leading油to油 negative油project油cash油flows Extra油costs油to油avoid油 schedule油penalties油(e.g.油 overtime,油additional油 workforces,油extra油 supervision,油etc.) Difficulties油to油demonstrate油 valid油extension油of油time油 claims油to油clients Lack油of油centralised油 database油with油productivity油 rates油and油project油historical油 data油 Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 4
- 6. Planning油vs.油Scheduling Do油you油know油the油difference油between油planning油and油 scheduling? Many油companies油think油that油the油two油are油the油same Planning油should油always油be油before油scheduling Before油we油attempt油to油develop油our油proposal油or油baseline油 schedule,油we油must油have油a油clear油understanding油of油the油 project油plan 6 Planning Scheduling Baseline Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez
- 8. The油schedule油basis油(1油of油3) Before油developing油the油proposal油or油baseline油schedule油important油elements such油as油assumptions,油exclusions,油constraints,油etc.油must油be油defined油and油 understood.油These油elements油form油the油schedule油basis,油such油as: Sectors油of油construction油or油industry油 e.g.油oil油&油gas油production油facilities,油 chemical油plant,油power油plant,油highways油and油roads,油etc. Location油of油the油construction油site(s)油 e.g.油distance油to油borrow油pits油and油 quarry,油location油of油labor油accommodation油camp,油etc. Local油codes,油standards油and油permits油 Site油access油and油weather油restrictions油 e.g.油rainy油season,油cold油weather油 Temporary油construction油activities油 e.g.油temporary油access油roads,油 temporary油utilities,油relocation油of油existing油overhead油or油underground油lines Construction油priorities,油logic油and油sequences Interfaces油with油existing油facilities油in油operation油 e.g.油revamps,油 shutdowns,油modernisation,油expansions Interfaces油with油other油contractors油 e.g.油site油preparation,油drilling,油utilities Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 8
- 9. The油schedule油basis油(2油of油3) Interfaces油with油local油communities油and油regulatory油bodies油 e.g.油traffic油 and油local油roads,油noise油levels,油etc.油 Working油calendars油 e.g.油6day油calendar,油7day油calendar,油crew油calendars,油 weather油calendars,油rotation油calendars,油public油holidays Construction油methods油and油procedures油 e.g.油modular油components,油stick built油or油traditional,油prefabricated油elements,油precast油concrete Special油construction油equipment油requirements油 e.g.油heavylift油cranes,油 barges,油pipelayer,油concrete油batch油plant,油etc.油 Expected油productivity油rates油(NORMs) Labor油requirements油 e.g.油local油content油laws,油labor油union油requirements Labor油availability油and油possible油overtime,油rosters Construction油subcontract油arrangements油 Establish油construction油camp,油material油laydown油area油and油storage油 facilities Completion油of油approved油drawings油and油design油documents油for油 construction Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 9
- 10. The油schedule油basis油(3油of油3) Material油and油equipment油deliveries Manufacturer油or油supplier油scope油 e.g.油onsite油assembly,油transportation,油 preservation油and油storage,油supervision,油site油testing油 Fabrication油shop油versus油field油fabrication Safety油requirements油 e.g.油confined油spaces Protection油of油completed油work(s) Client油requirements油 e.g.油hold油points油and油key油inspection油dates Others Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 10
- 11. Different油construction油sectors Productivity油rates,油design油codes,油safety油and油quality油 requirements,油construction油techniques,油legal油aspects,油approval油 processes油and油other油factors油can油vary油dramatically油depending油 on油the油sector油for油which油the油construction油is油required. Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 11 Oil油&油gas油 production油 facilities Textile油mills Chemical油plants Pharmaceutical油 plants Steel油/油aluminum油 mills Power油plants Manufacturing油 facilities Food油processing油 plants Refineries Heavy油 construction Civil油and油 infrastructure Building油and油 residential Plant油 upgrade/retrofit
- 12. Construction油priorities,油logic油 and油sequences Before油developing油the油schedule,油other油key油planning油elements油 must油be油defined油such油as: Priorities油or油phases油 design油phase,油temporary油construction油 phase,油early油production油phase,油preshutdown油phase,油pre commissioning油phase,油etc.油 Work油Breakdown油Structures油(WBS)油 the油project油schedule油 must油be油broken油down油into油its油component油parts油(e.g.油process油 unit,油utilities,油storage,油etc.)油and/or油work油packages油(e.g.油 substructure油works,油mechanical油works,油piping油works,油electrical油 works,油etc.)油 Logic油and油sequences油 construction油activities油must油follow油a油 determined油logic油to油deliver油the油project油in油the油right油sequence油 depending油on油the油proposed油construction油method(s) Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 12
- 13. Construction油priorities,油logic油 and油sequences Work油Breakdown油Structures油(WBS)油 Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 13 Example:油WBS油or油work油 packages油of油industrial油 process油plant油 1000 Industrial油Plant 1000 Utilities 1100油 Potable油water 1200油 Waste油water 1300油 Electrical 1400油 Plant油air 2000 Storage油and油Handling 2100油 Warehouse 2200油 Handling 2300油 Chemicals油油 3000 Process 310油 Process油train 3200油 Process油 buildings 3300油 Product油storage 4000 Support油 4100油 Office油and油 admin油buildings 4200油 Roads油and油 carparks 4300油 Landscape
- 15. Labor油productivity油rates Labor油productivity油rate油is油the油number油of油labor油hours油 (work油effort)油required油to油complete油a油defined油 construction油activity油(NORM油or油benchmark) Each油productivity油rate油is油a油typical油or油average油number油of油 labor油hours油required油by油the油group油of油all油individuals油(i.e.油 crew)油associated油with油the油construction油activity Base油productivity油rate油is油adjusted油by油factors油such油as:油 labor油density,油facility油complexity,油overtime,油weather,油 shifts,油labor油quality,油labor油availability,油greenfield油vs.油 brownfield,油elevated油work,油geographic油location,油security,油 etc. A油table油should油be油provided油in油the油schedule油basis油 showing油the油productivity油rate油applied油for油each油type油of油 work油(e.g.油piping油works,油concrete油works,油steel油works,油etc.) Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 15
- 16. Labor油productivity油rates Comparison油of油labor油productivity油in油different油countries Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 16 COUNTRY LABOR油PRODUCTIVITY油RANGE油(*) GOOD AVERAGE POOR Australia 1.05 1.20 1.50 Brazil 1.30 2.25 2.85 India 1.75 2.30 2.80 Indonesia 2.50 2.80 3.20 Iraq 2.00 3.50 Nigeria 1.75 2.25 3.35 Russia 1.25 1.75 2.25 South油Africa 1.20 1.40 1.95 South油Korea 0.95 1.20 1.65 Azerbaijan 1.50 1.85 Kazakhstan 2.00 3.00 *油Source:油Global油Construction油 Cost油and油Reference油Yearbook.油 2015油Annual油Edition
- 18. Construction油durations Estimating油construction油activity油durations油(key油terms) Effortdriven油duration油 estimate油based油on油the油work油volume油or油 bill油of油quantities油(BOQ)油and油expected油productivity油rate油 (duration油=油work油quantity油/油productivity油rate) Fixedduration油 estimate油based油on油amount油of油calendar油time油 available油for油the油activity油completion油(e.g.油shutdown油window,油 track油possession,油weather油window) Forward油油schedule油 from油project油start油to油finish,油calculate油the油 earliest油each油activity油can油start油and油finish油according油to油the油 sequence油of油work油and油the油duration油of油the油predecessor油activity Backend油driven油schedule油 working油backward油from油project油 finish油to油start,油calculate油the油latest油each油activity油must油start油and油 finish油to油meet油the油project油end油date Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 18
- 20. Construction油durations Example:油estimated油duration油of油piping油work油for油a油new油 industrial油plant油in油Uzbekistan Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez WBS Plant Area Quantity (diameter inches) Quantity (Work油Split) Total油Crews Productivity油Rates油per油 Crew (diameterinches油per油day) Duration (in油days) Shop Site Shop Site Shop Site Shop Site Utilities 54,720油DI油 33,304油DI 16,416油DI 12 14 16 6 173 195 Storage 39,520油DI油 27,664油DI 11,856油DI 12 12 14 4 165 247 Process 54,720油DI油 38,304油DI 14,416油DI 12 12 14 4 228 300 Piping油Crew 1油Welder 2油Fitter(s) 1油Helper Estimated油number油of油crews油 or油workers (based油on油labor油density油values,油 labor油resources油requirements,油 labor油availability,油etc.) Productivity油rate Estimated油duration Estimated油quantity油(BOQ) Location油of油construction油site Quantity油(BOQ) number油of油crews油x油productivity油rate油per油crew
- 21. Resource油loaded油schedules Resource油loaded油schedule油 consists油of油a油timeline油 with油details油on油assigned油resources油(labor,油 construction油equipment,油tools油and油key油quantities)油 Manpower油plan油 this油plan油focuses油on油estimating油 the油size油of油workforce,油division油in油disciplines油and油 scheduling油the油deployment油of油required油manpower Resource油leveling油 as油defined油by油PMBOK油is油a油 project油management油technique油in油which油start油and油 finish油dates油are油adjusted油based油on油resource油constraints油 with油the油goal油of油balancing油demand油for油resources油with油 the油available油supply Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 21
- 25. Resource油loaded油schedules Benefits油of油resource油loaded油schedules油and油resource油 leveling Determine油dates油for油resources油mobilisation油and油 demobilisation油 Balanced油resources,油reducing油over油allocations油or油 unnecessary油overtimes Validate油estimated油construction油durations Sanity油check油of油durations,油logic油and油assigned油 resources Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 25
- 26. Some油factors油impacting油the油 baseline油schedule Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 26 PROJECT SPECIFIC油FACTORS 1 Relevant油design油and/or油construction油codes油and油specifications 2 Completion油date油(normal schedule油or油fast油track油schedule*) 3 Contractual issues油/油type油of油contract油/油alliances油(JV) 4 Payment油terms /油contract油milestones 5 Liquidated damages油/油consequential油damages油clauses PROCUREMENT油FACTORS 1 Long lead油items油 equipment油or油materials油(free油issue) 2 Freight油and油transport issues 3 Vendor assistances 4 Warehousing油(equipment油and油material油preservation)
- 27. Some油factors油impacting油the油 baseline油schedule Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez 27 CONSTRUCTION油ISSUES 1 Location油of油facility油/ access油to油site 2 Weather油issues油(cold油or油hot油climate,油weather油windows) 3 Expected油productivity of油workforce 4 Labor油requirements油(local油content,油union, etc.) 5 Labor油availability and possible油overtime, rosters 6 Establish油camp, temporary油facilities,油site油fabrication油facilities,油laydown油areas 7 Location油of油quarry油/油concrete油batch油plant 8 Location油of油borrow油pits 9 Required油construction油permits 10 Construction油method(s) 11 Special油safety油issues 12 Protection of油the油completed油work
- 28. Contents The油Planning油Process Common油planning油mistakes The油planning油and油scheduling油process The油construction油plan Productivity油rates油and油construction油durations Resource油loaded油schedules油and油resource油leveling Some油factors油impacting油the油baseline油schedule Schedule油Assurance油Review Schedule油quality油review Schedule油risk油review Schedule油benchmark油review Conclusion油 28 Prepared油by油A.油Sanchez