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Solar energy harvesting
- 1. Webinar on Solar Energy Harvesting Prepared By : Amar Bariya (Gandhinagar Institute Of Technology)
- 2. Content What is solar energy? Why do we need solar energy? History of solar energy. Classification of solar energy. Pros and cons of solar energy. Importance of solar energy. Use of nanotechnology. Material list. Applications.
- 3. What is solar energy? Like air and water, the sun is one of the earths life support system, providing light and heat. Solar energy is a form of energy relives on the nuclear fusion power from the core of the sun. Solar energy is nothing but its converted in to light in to usable energy, such as electricity.
- 4. Why do we need solar energy? In the whole world coal deposits will deplete within next 200-300 years and petroleum deposits will deplete in next few decades at the present rate of consumption.
- 5. The huge consumption of fossil fuels has caused many damages to the environment. To reduce these damages, we need to concentrate on renewable energy resources, and solar energy is the good option. The most advantage of solar energy is that this is distributed over a wide graphical area.
- 6. Average over the entire earth = 164 watts per square meter a 24 hour day so, the entire planet receives 84 TW watts of power. Our current world wide consumption is approximately 12 TW.
- 7. History of solar energy Year Inventor Invention 1839 Edmund Bacquerel Observed materials which turn light in to energy. 1860 Auguste Mouchout Direct conversion of solar radiation in to mechanical power. 1867-78 William Adams Powered a 2.5 HP steam engine through solar energy . 1895 Aubrey Eneas First solar energy company. 1904 Henry Willsie 1ST to use power at night after generating in during the day. 1954 Calvin Fuller, Gerald pearson and Dayl Chaplin Used silicon as a semiconductor with efficiency of 6%. 1970 Zhores Alferov First highly effective hetro structure solar cell are created 1988 Michel Gratzel First Dye-sensitized solar cell is created. 2009 Miyasaka First incorporation of perovskite material in to a solar cell.
- 8. Classification of solar energy
- 9. Passive solar energy Passive solar energy is a method in which solar energy is harnessed in its direct form without using any mechanical device. Drying cloths in day light is an example of using solar energy passively. Passive solar coolingDay lightening Passive solar heating
- 10. Active solar energy The active solar energy employs mechanical or electrical equipment for functioning and increase system. As an example water pumps are used to circulate water through the active solar energy water heating system. Some application of active solar energy which can be very helpful to us.
- 11. Active solar space heating Active solar pool heating Active solar water heating
- 12. Types of active solar energy 1) Solar thermal energy Solar thermal power (electricity) generation systems collect and concentrate sunlight to produce the high temperature heat needed to generate electricity. All solar thermal power systems have solar energy collectors with two main components: a) Reflectors. b) Receiver.
- 13. In most types of systems, a heat transfer fluid is heated and circulated in the receiver and used to produce steam. The steam is converted into mechanical energy in a turbine, which powers a generator to produce electricity.
- 14. 2) Photovoltaic solar cell energy Photovoltaic solar cell consists of two or more thin layers of semiconducting materials, most commonly silicon. It is an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly in to electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Photovoltaic is derived from the words Photo with the Greek meaning light and Voltaic meaning voltage. The basic operation of a semi conductor photovoltaic cell involves two steps:
- 15. a) Absorption of light which leads to the generation of electron hole pairs within the photovoltaic material. b) Separation of these electron hole pairs giving rise to an electrical current which flows in an external circuit.
- 16. Advantages of solar energy After the initial investment has been recovered, the energy from the sun is practically free. Financial helps are available from the government. Solar energy is clean and renewable. Also energy is sustainable and helping the protect our environment.
- 17. Once installed, there are no recurring costs. They operate silently. Disadvantages of solar energy The initial cost is high. For installation requires large area. (To achieve a good level of efficiency) It is very difficult to maintain.
- 18. Importance of solar energy Pollution fromvehicles Pollution from fossilfuels Pollution from forestfiring
- 19. The following table shows the amount of carbon and sulphur deposited in the atmosphere. Sr. No. Activity Amount of deposited in the atmosphere 01 Vehicle, water product, etc. 8 Billion tones 02 Fossil fuels 6.5 Million tones 03 Deforestation and forest firing. 1.5 Million tones
- 20. Installed capacity of solar energy in India
- 21. Use of nanotechnology Nanotechnology is a part of science and technology about the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale. Nanotechnology operates on atoms and molecules on the nano-meter scale, and by controlling the arrays and structure of substances, it exploits the unique characteristics of nano-size particles to create new, excellent characteristics of substances. Nanotechnology is a powerful tool for a host of the solar system in support of efficient sustainable energy conversion, storage and conservation of terms of.
- 22. Tailoring the interaction of light with materials and enabling the processing of low cost semiconductors into devices such as photovoltaic's. Making more efficient photo catalysts for converting sunlight in to chemical fuels. Developing new materials and membranes for the separations needed in many energy applications. Converting chemical fuels into electrical energy, improving energy and power density in batteries.
- 23. Materials list Silicon Lithium graphite Graphite Graphite-oxide Cadmium telluride Copper indium gallium di-selenide Copper indium di-selenide Phosphorus boron Titanium oxide
- 24. Application of solar energy
- 25. Thank you so much for listening me. Do you have any questions? Email ID : amarbariya1998@yahoo.com