Definition, Purpose, Rules and Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
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This document defines summarization and provides rules and techniques for summarizing academic texts. Summarizing involves reducing the original text to one-third or one-quarter of its length while retaining the main ideas and meaning. The basic rules for summarizing are to eliminate unnecessary details, focus only on important points, remove repetitive information, use general terms instead of specifics, and write the summary in your own words. The document then outlines various techniques for summarizing such as outlining, using a story structure format like "Somebody Wanted But So Then", or focusing on the key questions of who, what, when, where, why, and how.
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Here are a few issues I see with this outline:
- The thesis/main point is not clearly stated. It's unclear if the writer is arguing cellphones do or do not cause problems.
- The subpoints under I and II are not parallel. One includes a cause and effect while the other just states a problem.
- Some points are not fully developed (e.g. "Cellphones cause more people to need glasses" lacks support/explanation).
- Grammar and spelling errors make some points unclear ("cellphones can develop addictions" and "rewire the b").
- No conclusion is included to wrap up the argument.
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Definition, Purpose, Rules and Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
- 1. Definition, Purpose, Rules and Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts Prepared by: Ana Mae F. dela Torre
- 2. Definition of Summarizing Buckley (2004) Summarizing is reducing text to one-third or one-quarter its original size, clearly articulating the authors meaning, and retaining main ideas. Diane Hacker(2008) Summarizing involves stating a works thesis and main ideas simply, briefly, and accurately
- 3. Basic Rules: 1. Erase things that dont matter. 2. Only write down important points. 3. Erase things that repeat. 4. Trade, general terms for specific names. 5. Use your own words to write the summary.
- 4. Erase things that dont matter. DO NOT INCLUDE TRIVIAL THINGS.
- 5. Only write down important points. If you had to pay money for every word you write down, which words would you choose to include in your notes?
- 6. Erase things that repeat. Delete redundant material.
- 7. Trade, general terms for specific names. Focus on the big picture. Example: daisies
- 8. Use your own words to write the summary. 1. Do not just copy the sentences from the original text. 2. Do not inject your opinion in your summary.
- 10. Outlining I. Main Idea A. Supporting Details B. Supporting Details II. Main Idea A. Supporting Details B. Supporting Details
- 11. Somebody Wanted But So Then. SomebodyWho is the text about? WantedWhat did the main character want? ButWhat was the problem encountered? SoHow was the problem solved? ThenHow did it end?
- 12. SAAC Method. State the name of the article, book, movie Assign the name of the author Actionwhat the author is doing (ex. Tells, explains) Complete the sentence or summary with keywords and important details.
- 13. .5Ws, 1 H Who is the text about? What did he/she do? When/Where did it happen? Why did he/she do it? How did he/she do what he/she did?
- 14. First Then Finally First What happened first? Then What key details took place during the event/action? Finally What were the results of the event/action?
- 15. First Then Finally First What happened first? Then What key details took place during the event/action? Finally What were the results of the event/action?
- 16. Assessment
- 17. Use own words to write the summary.
- 18. Include trivial details in the summary.
- 19. A summary should be a word or two.
- 20. Ones summary may contain ones opinion of the text.
- 21. Cover main points and key ideas.
- 23. Use specific names instead of general terms.
- 24. A summary should be a paragraph long.
- 25. Examples should be written in a summary.
- 26. Vagueness is acceptable in a summary.