This document defines summarization and provides rules and techniques for summarizing academic texts. Summarizing involves reducing the original text to one-third or one-quarter of its length while retaining the main ideas and meaning. The basic rules for summarizing are to eliminate unnecessary details, focus only on important points, remove repetitive information, use general terms instead of specifics, and write the summary in your own words. The document then outlines various techniques for summarizing such as outlining, using a story structure format like "Somebody Wanted But So Then", or focusing on the key questions of who, what, when, where, why, and how.
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Definition, Purpose, Rules and Techniques in Summarizing Academic Texts
2. Definition of Summarizing
? Buckley (2004)
Summarizing is reducing text to one-third or one-quarter
its original size, clearly articulating the author¡¯s meaning,
and retaining main ideas.
? Diane Hacker(2008)
Summarizing involves stating a work¡¯s thesis and main
ideas ¡°simply, briefly, and accurately¡±
3. Basic Rules:
1. Erase things that don¡¯t matter.
2. Only write down important points.
3. Erase things that repeat.
4. Trade, general terms for specific names.
5. Use your own words to write the summary.
10. Outlining
I. Main Idea
A. Supporting Details
B. Supporting Details
II. Main Idea
A. Supporting Details
B. Supporting Details
11. Somebody Wanted But So Then.
? Somebody¡ªWho is the text about?
? Wanted¡ªWhat did the main character want?
? But¡ªWhat was the problem encountered?
? So¡ªHow was the problem solved?
? Then¡ªHow did it end?
12. SAAC Method.
?State the name of the article, book, movie
?Assign the name of the author
?Action¡ªwhat the author is doing (ex. Tells, explains)
?Complete the sentence or summary with keywords and
important details.
13. .5W¡¯s, 1 H
? Who is the text about?
? What did he/she do?
? When/Where did it happen?
? Why did he/she do it?
? How did he/she do what he/she did?
14. First Then Finally
? First¨C What happened first?
? Then¨C What key details took place during the
event/action?
? Finally¨C What were the results of the event/action?
15. First Then Finally
? First¨C What happened first?
? Then¨C What key details took place during the
event/action?
? Finally¨C What were the results of the event/action?