powerpoint regarding Pain
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Pain is defined as a localized physical suffering associated with bodily disorder that is characterized by discomfort and leads to evasive action. It is classified as either acute pain lasting less than 6 months following an injury or chronic pain lasting more than 6 months. Pain is modulated through transduction, transmission, and perception in the nervous system and influenced by psychological factors like anxiety, depression, and previous experiences. Treatment approaches include pharmacological interventions using analgesics, non-pharmacological methods like acupuncture, and surgical procedures in severe cases.
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Ad
powerpoint regarding Pain
- 4. PAIN IS A LOCALISED PHYSICAL SUFFERING ASSOCIATED WITH BODILY DISORDER. - (WEBSTERS DICTIONARY) PAIN IS A BASIC BODILY SENSATION INDUCED BY A NOXIUS STIMULUS RECEIVED BY NAKED NERVE ENDINGS,CHARACTERISED BY PHYSICAL DISCOMFORT AND TYPICALLY LEADING TO EVASIVE ACTION
- 5. IT IS DEFINED AS THE UNIVERSALLY EMOTIONAL AND SENSORY EXPERIENCE THAT OCCURS IN RESPONSE TO TISSUE TRAUMA, REFFERED TO AS THE FIFTH VITAL SIGN. TYPES ACUTE AND CHRONIC ACUTE Mild To Severe Pain Lasting Less Than 6 Months, Usually Associated With Specific Injury.It Involves Sympathetic Ns. CHRONIC- Mild To Severe Pain Lasting Morethan 6 Months.Associated With Parasympathetic Nervous System
- 6. AGE GENDER CULTURE MEANING OF PAIN ATTENTION ANXIETY FATIGUE PREVIOUS EXPERIENCE
- 7. FAMILY AND SOCIAL SUPPORT PLACEBO EFFECT DEPRESSION
- 12. TRANSDUCTION(noxious stimuli causes cell damage with the release of chemicals like serotonin,histamin, prostaglandin) TRANSMISSION(action potential continues from site of injury to spinal cord) PERCEPTION(conscious experience of pain) MODULATION(neurons oroginating in the brainstem descend to the spinal cord and release substance that inhibit pain impulses)
- 13. ACCORDING TO DURATION ACUTE PAIN CHRONIC PAIN CANCER RELATED PAIN ACCORDING TO LOCATION EG: PELVIC PAIN,CHEST PAIN,HEAD ACHE etc
- 14. EG : BURN PAIN, NEURALGIA REFERRED PAIN-PAIN THAT IS PERCEIVED IN AN AREA DISTANT FROM THE POINT OF ORIGIN. EG :MI PAIN
- 15. BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES PHYSIOLOGIC RESPONSES PSYCHOLOGIC RESPONSES
- 16. GRIMACING MOURNING(state of sorrow) CRYING RESTLESSNESS PROTECTING THE AREA AND REFUSING TO MOVE MOVING AWAY FROM THE PAINFUL STIMULI
- 18. SYMPATHETIC RESPONSES INCREASED BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASED PULSE & RESPIRATORY RATE PUPIL DILATION MUSCLE TENSION & RIGIDITY PALLOR INCREASED BLOOD GLUCOSE INCREASED OUTPUT
- 19. PARASYMPATHATIC RESPONSES NAUSEA/VOMITTING FAINTING OR UNCONSCIOUSNESS DECREASED BP RAPID & IRREGULAR BREATHING
- 20. RESTLESSNESS ANXIETY DEPRESSION FEAR ANGER ANOREXIA FATIGUE POWERLESSNESS HOPELESSNESS
- 21. INTENSITY(severity) TIMING LOCATION QUALITY burning, numbing, shooting, stabbing, itchy sensation.
- 22. PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT NON PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT SURGICAL INTERVENTION
- 23. NON NARCOTIC AGENTS ACETAMINOPHEN,ASPIRIN NSAIDS IBUPROFEN, NAPROXEN, KETORALAC etc NARCOTIC ANALGESICS MORPHINE SULPHATE, FENTANYL, MEPERIDONE, CODEINE etc
- 25. ACUPUNCTURE RELAXATION TECHNIQUE GUIDED IMAGERY DISTRACTION MUSIC BIOFEEDBACK HYPNOSIS TENS( TRANS CUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION )
- 26. CORDOTOMY : IT IS THE DIVISION OF CERTAIN TRACTS OF THE SPINAL CORD RHIZOTOMY THE SENSORY NERVE ROOTS ARE DESTROYED WHERE THEY ENTER THE SPINAL CORD
- 27. NUMERICAL SCALE DESCRIPTIVE SCALE PAIN VISUAL ANALOG OUCHER SCALES WONG BAKER SCALES