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critical discourse analysis ideational grammatical metaphor grammatical metaphor nominalization religious sermon political discourse contrastive analysis rhetorical devices systemic functional linguistics process types comprehension english reading intrasentential code-switching; intersentential co urdu code-switching; loanwords sfl mood analysis the holy prophet (pbuh) interpersonal metaphor metasunctions persuasiveness language rhetorical strategies tv commercials’ slogans semantic analysis world englishes non-native varieties of english; south asian engli ideology speech paradigm political scientific and political texts. modality passivization azerbaijani and persian languages inflectional morphemes bound morphemes morphology theme bakhtinian dialogism pleasure pain keats’ odes sla chaos theory scientific texts advertisement discourse editroial board members reviewers language teaching methodology the conventional form figurative form kennedy’s inaugural address emotional appeal antithesis new rhetoric identification common values and beliefs english political public speaking parallelism efl esl. errors language transfer error analysis mistakes cross-cultural interaction cultural awareness intercultural communication teaching pedagogy. communicative competence rhetorical tropes ideologies interpersonal grammatical metaphor text america kansas social cognition discourse context power dominance social interaction perception messages synonyms audience aptitude test reliability validity reading comprehension grammar and vocabulary. reading text analysis political agenda hidden meaning academic setting syntactic structures social inequality mental process barack obama