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Fatty acid Biosynthesis

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Chetan Nirghude

The document summarizes fatty acid biosynthesis. Fatty acids are synthesized predominantly in the liver, kidney, and adipose tissue through a three stage process. In the first stage, acetyl CoA and NADPH are produced in the mitochondria and transferred to the cytosol. In the second stage, malonyl CoA is formed from acetyl CoA. In the third stage, fatty acid synthase complex containing seven polypeptides catalyzes the reactions of fatty acid synthesis through condensation, carbonyl group reduction, dehydration, and double bond reduction to form fatty acids from acetyl CoA and malonyl CoA.

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Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Prof. C. S. Nirghude Assistant Professor K. K. Wagh College of Agril. Biotechnology, Nashik
Lipids play a variety of cellular roles They are the principal form of stored energy in most organisms and major constituents of cellular membranes. The dietary carbohydrates and amino acids, when consumed in excess, can be converted to fatty acids and stored as triacylglycerol
Location Denovo (new) synthesis of fatty acids occurs predominantly in liver, kidney, adipose tissue and lactating mammary glands The enzyme machinery for fatty acid production is located in the cytosomal fraction of the cell.
Steps The fatty acid synthesis may be accomplished in 3 stages I.Production of acetyl CoA and NADPH ll. Conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA lll. Reactions of fatty acid synthase complex
l. Production of acetyl CoA ANd NADPH Acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria by the oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids. Mitochondria, however, are not permeable to acetyl CoA An alternate or a bypass arrangement is made for the transfer of acetyl CoA to cytosol.
Fatty acid Biosynthesis
Formation of Malonyl CoA Malonyl CoA formed from Acetyl CoA and bicarbonate in the presence of enzyme Acetyl CoA carboxylase.
Fatty acid synthase complex Enzyme Consist of seven polypeptide 1. Aceyl Carrier Protein (ACP) 2. Acetyl CoA ACP transacetylase (AT) 3. Malonyl CoA ACP Transferase (MT) 4. 硫- Keto aceyl ACP synthase(KS) 5. 硫- Keto aceyl ACP reductase (KR) 6. 硫- Hydroxyl acyl ACP dehydratase(HD) 7. Enoyl ACP reductase (ER)
Mechanism Fatty acid synthesis catalyzed in four reaction 1. Condensation 2. Reduction of carbonyl group 3. Dehydration 4. Reduction of double bond
Condensation
Reduction of carbonyl group
Dehydration
Reduction of double bond
Fatty acid Biosynthesis
Overall Reaction

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Fatty acid Biosynthesis

  • 1. Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Prof. C. S. Nirghude Assistant Professor K. K. Wagh College of Agril. Biotechnology, Nashik
  • 2. Lipids play a variety of cellular roles They are the principal form of stored energy in most organisms and major constituents of cellular membranes. The dietary carbohydrates and amino acids, when consumed in excess, can be converted to fatty acids and stored as triacylglycerol
  • 3. Location Denovo (new) synthesis of fatty acids occurs predominantly in liver, kidney, adipose tissue and lactating mammary glands The enzyme machinery for fatty acid production is located in the cytosomal fraction of the cell.
  • 4. Steps The fatty acid synthesis may be accomplished in 3 stages I.Production of acetyl CoA and NADPH ll. Conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA lll. Reactions of fatty acid synthase complex
  • 5. l. Production of acetyl CoA ANd NADPH Acetyl CoA is produced in the mitochondria by the oxidation of pyruvate and fatty acids. Mitochondria, however, are not permeable to acetyl CoA An alternate or a bypass arrangement is made for the transfer of acetyl CoA to cytosol.
  • 7. Formation of Malonyl CoA Malonyl CoA formed from Acetyl CoA and bicarbonate in the presence of enzyme Acetyl CoA carboxylase.
  • 8. Fatty acid synthase complex Enzyme Consist of seven polypeptide 1. Aceyl Carrier Protein (ACP) 2. Acetyl CoA ACP transacetylase (AT) 3. Malonyl CoA ACP Transferase (MT) 4. 硫- Keto aceyl ACP synthase(KS) 5. 硫- Keto aceyl ACP reductase (KR) 6. 硫- Hydroxyl acyl ACP dehydratase(HD) 7. Enoyl ACP reductase (ER)
  • 9. Mechanism Fatty acid synthesis catalyzed in four reaction 1. Condensation 2. Reduction of carbonyl group 3. Dehydration 4. Reduction of double bond