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Evidence in Manipulation
Chris McCarthy
PhD, FCSP, FMACP
PgD Biomechanics
PgD Manipulative Therapy
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complex intervention
(MRC, 2000)
the greater the difficulty in defining
precisely what exactly are the
active ingredients of an intervention and
how they relate to each other,
the greater the likelihood that you are
dealing with a complex intervention.
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Framework
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Preclinical / Theory
 Joint Mechanics
 Muscle responses
 Neurophysiology
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www.combinedmovements.org
Unsworth et al 1971
Pull My Finger!
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Joint Cavitation?
ELONGATION
F
O
R
C
E
Roston & Wheeler-Haines 1947, Unsworth et al 1971, Watson et al 1989
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Cavitation occurred?
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Reducing Hypertonicity?
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Phasic
Dopamine
Pleasure
Pain Centres
C-Tactile Receptors
Dorsal Horn
D-PAG RVM
DNIC
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Modelling
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Reduction in Pain
Changes in pain sensitivity following spinal manipulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Authors: Coronado RA, Gay CW, Bialosky JE, Carnaby GD, Bishop MD, George SZ
Citation: J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012(Jan)
3
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Madsen, M. V. et al. BMJ 2009;338:a3115
Fig 1 Meta-analysis of acupuncture versus placebo acupuncture
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Exploratory Trial
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Definitive RCT
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BMJ 2004
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J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2012 Mar 17.
Spinal manipulation epidemiology:
Systematic review of cost effectiveness studies.
Michaleff ZA, Lin CW, Maher CG, van Tulder MW.
CONCLUSIONS:
This review supports the use of SMT in clinical practice
as a cost-effective treatment
when used alone or in combination with other treatment approaches.
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Long Term Implementation
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Framework for Design
BMJ VOLUME 321 16 SEPTEMBER 2000
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COMMUNICATION
COORDINATION
COOPERATION
c) To encourage scientific research
and promote opportunities for the spread of knowledge
in the field of manipulative and other manual therapy.
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COMPLEX INTERVENTION
BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL INTERACTION
PSYCHOMOTOR EDUCATION
PAIN RELIEF
LOCAL EFFECTS
CNS EFFECTS
PLACEBO EFFECTS
CLINICAL AND COST
EFFECTIVENESS
FOR A UBIQUTOUS
CONDITION
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