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Ardustat:
A case study in Open Source Hardware in
Academic Engineering

Dan Steingart

Printed/Electrochemical Engineering Lab
City College of New York Department of Chemical Engineering
City University of New York Energy Institute

Open Source Hardware Summit, September 23rd 2010
Why is this so hard?
It¡¯s Not
? Everyone used to make their own
  potentiostat/galvanostats
? Companies formed to streamline and
  standardize such units
? People ¡°forgot¡± how to make their own
 ? or rather, the institutional knowledge was not
   passed on
Commercial Devices



    Arbin
 ~$1000/channel                          Gamry
                       Maccor         ~$10000/channel
                     ~$1500/channel




            PAR                         Autolab
                                         ~$13000/
          ~$15000/                        channel
           channel
These Devices
? Are all very good at what they¡¯re
  designed to do
? Are sold by folks that are knowledgable
  and can abstract internal functionality
  suf?ciently for the modern material
  scientist/chemist/electrochemist
? Are complete black boxes
¡°The Things You Own End Up Owning You¡±

? The abstraction, cost and in?exibility of
  these devices de?ne the experiment, which
  de?nes the experimentalist
? The experimentalist needs to have access
  to tools that allow her to de?ne the
  experiment
But
? Time is so short
? There is so much science to learn
? Circuit engineering is the realm of EE/CS
The Ardustat
? Arduino based Galvanostat/Potentiostat
? A ?rst crack at creating something that
  those interested in hacking can improve,
  and those interested in science can exploit
? The hope is (eventually):
  ? Shared knowledge reduce the learning
    curve
  ? Companies sell units for a ¡°fair price¡±
The Ardustat
Comparison
                      Ardustat        Commercial

 Current Range     100 nA to 10 mA    1 fA to 10 A

 Potential Range        ¡À5V              ¡À 10 V

   Resolution          10 Bit            16 Bit

       CV               Yes               Yes

      EIS              Not Yet            Yes

      Cost           $60/channel     $1000+/channel

    Hackable            Yes               No
Cost and Hackability Are Key
? Screening
? Training
? De?ning
Screen
? Many combinations in a parallel fashion
rrently four undergraduate students, including one underrepresented minority, are performing researc
 ated to the printer. Two chemical engineering undergraduates are examining the use of the IJ Fisna


        Train
 nter along with a Universal Laser Systems Versalaser 6.60 to rapid prototype batteries into flexibl
bstrates. Two mechanical engineering undergraduates are improving the IJ Fisnar system, addin
mputer vision for automated alignment of multiple layers. Both of these projects are in anticipation o
 ther work to be carried out as described in section 2. The work of the chemical engineering students i
cused on qualitative studies of adhesion strength and delamination of printed structures on flexibl
        ? Students on robust, low cost equipment
bstrate, assisting the PI in determining quantitative parameters. The computer vision work i
eliminary to the complementary fiber woodpile structures discussed in section 2.3. One high schoo
 dent is preparing ZnI2 cells using the IJ Fisnar printer and the laser cutter.




gure 12) High school student (left) and undergraduate student (right) preparing various aspects of a printed batter
3.   Rapid Prototyping of Electrochemical Systems with Stuyvesant High School
 encourage young students to explore engineering, the PI is collaborating with Stuyvesant High Schoo
De?ne
? New Experimental Techniques
Why Not Labview/NI
? Labview allows modi?cation, but not
  reinvention
? In my humble experience, folks learned
  in lab view are walled off from just about
  all other hardware solutions
What¡¯s Needed
?   Not GCC
?   Not Labview
?   The Arduino is a great start
?   Sciduino Anyone?
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Ardustat Open Hardware Summit

  • 1. Ardustat: A case study in Open Source Hardware in Academic Engineering Dan Steingart Printed/Electrochemical Engineering Lab City College of New York Department of Chemical Engineering City University of New York Energy Institute Open Source Hardware Summit, September 23rd 2010
  • 2. Why is this so hard?
  • 3. It¡¯s Not ? Everyone used to make their own potentiostat/galvanostats ? Companies formed to streamline and standardize such units ? People ¡°forgot¡± how to make their own ? or rather, the institutional knowledge was not passed on
  • 4. Commercial Devices Arbin ~$1000/channel Gamry Maccor ~$10000/channel ~$1500/channel PAR Autolab ~$13000/ ~$15000/ channel channel
  • 5. These Devices ? Are all very good at what they¡¯re designed to do ? Are sold by folks that are knowledgable and can abstract internal functionality suf?ciently for the modern material scientist/chemist/electrochemist ? Are complete black boxes
  • 6. ¡°The Things You Own End Up Owning You¡± ? The abstraction, cost and in?exibility of these devices de?ne the experiment, which de?nes the experimentalist ? The experimentalist needs to have access to tools that allow her to de?ne the experiment
  • 7. But ? Time is so short ? There is so much science to learn ? Circuit engineering is the realm of EE/CS
  • 8. The Ardustat ? Arduino based Galvanostat/Potentiostat ? A ?rst crack at creating something that those interested in hacking can improve, and those interested in science can exploit ? The hope is (eventually): ? Shared knowledge reduce the learning curve ? Companies sell units for a ¡°fair price¡±
  • 10. Comparison Ardustat Commercial Current Range 100 nA to 10 mA 1 fA to 10 A Potential Range ¡À5V ¡À 10 V Resolution 10 Bit 16 Bit CV Yes Yes EIS Not Yet Yes Cost $60/channel $1000+/channel Hackable Yes No
  • 11. Cost and Hackability Are Key ? Screening ? Training ? De?ning
  • 12. Screen ? Many combinations in a parallel fashion
  • 13. rrently four undergraduate students, including one underrepresented minority, are performing researc ated to the printer. Two chemical engineering undergraduates are examining the use of the IJ Fisna Train nter along with a Universal Laser Systems Versalaser 6.60 to rapid prototype batteries into flexibl bstrates. Two mechanical engineering undergraduates are improving the IJ Fisnar system, addin mputer vision for automated alignment of multiple layers. Both of these projects are in anticipation o ther work to be carried out as described in section 2. The work of the chemical engineering students i cused on qualitative studies of adhesion strength and delamination of printed structures on flexibl ? Students on robust, low cost equipment bstrate, assisting the PI in determining quantitative parameters. The computer vision work i eliminary to the complementary fiber woodpile structures discussed in section 2.3. One high schoo dent is preparing ZnI2 cells using the IJ Fisnar printer and the laser cutter. gure 12) High school student (left) and undergraduate student (right) preparing various aspects of a printed batter 3. Rapid Prototyping of Electrochemical Systems with Stuyvesant High School encourage young students to explore engineering, the PI is collaborating with Stuyvesant High Schoo
  • 15. Why Not Labview/NI ? Labview allows modi?cation, but not reinvention ? In my humble experience, folks learned in lab view are walled off from just about all other hardware solutions
  • 16. What¡¯s Needed ? Not GCC ? Not Labview ? The Arduino is a great start ? Sciduino Anyone?