Meeting The Energy Demands What Options
- 1. 珂艶艶岳庄稼乙油岳鞄艶油掘稼艶姻乙霞油禽艶馨温稼糸壊:油安鞄温岳油 Options? Dr.Adeoye Adefulu Odujinrin&Adefulu Barristers,Solicitors&NotariesPublic Barristers Solicitors&NotariesPublic Lagos Abuja PortHarcourt
- 2. 或顎岳鉛庄稼艶油 Outline NigeriasElectricityIndustry Gasasafuelofchoice RenewableEnergy Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 3. Nigeria sElectricityIndustry Nigerias Electricity Industry 200 1600 Installedcapacityofjustover ll d f 180 6000mwwithaveragegeneration 1400 160 capacityofabouthalf 1200 140 Only40%ofthepopulationhas 1000 120 accesstoelectricity 100 800 Percapitaconsumptionof Per capita consumption of 80 600 electricityis100kWhcompared 60 400 toSouthAfrica 4500kWh,Brazil 40 200 1934kWh d Chi 1934kWhandChina 13791379 20 kWh 0 0 Ukraine South Africa Brazil Pakistan Nigeria g 66%ofthecountrylivesinrural y Population (Million) Generating Capacity (GW) GDP (Million) areas Adapted from: Oando Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 4. ElectricityFuelMix Electricity Fuel Mix 67percentofinstalled capacityisthermaland therestishydrobased AlargepartofNigerias REcomponentisinSHP Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 5. GasasNigeria selectricityfuel Gas as Nigerias electricity fuel Nigeriahasanestimated182tcf h d f ofprovennaturalgasreserves andis7th largestnaturalgas reservesholderintheworld Nigeriaflares40percentof annualnaturalgasproduction annual natural gas production andaccountsfor12.5%ofthe naturalgasflaredintheworld Thecountryisestimatedtolose Th i i d l betweenUS$2.5 6billion annuallytogasflaring Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 6. ThecaseforGasasNigeria selectricityfuel The case for Gas as Nigerias electricity fuel Mostoftheplannedpowerplantsarebased g ongas GasflaringinNigeriaissufficienttopowerhalf ofAfricaforayear! of Africa for a year! Gasforelectricity Cheap(er) Available Reduceenvironmentalpollutionbyreducing flaring Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 7. 遺看壊岳油看韓油艶鉛艶界岳姻庄界庄岳霞油沿姻看糸顎界岳庄看稼油韓姻看馨油 differentsourcescentsperKwh diff h 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Mini Solar PV Biomass Wind Natural Coal Hydro Gas AdaptedfromtheNigerianRenewableEnergyPolicyandKovacs,UNStatistics Division Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 8. 安鞄温岳油庄壊油檎艶稼艶敬温恢鉛艶油掘稼艶姻乙霞? What is Renewable Energy? Renewable energy is derived from natural processes that are replenished constantly. In its various forms, it derives directly or indirectly from the sun, or from heat generated deep within the earth. Included in the definition is energy generated from solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, hydropower and ocean resources, and biofuels , , ,g , y p , and hydrogen derived from renewable resources. (IEA) Renewable energy resources: Energy resources that are naturally replenishing but flow-limited. They are virtually inexhaustible in duration but limited in the amount of energy that is available per unit of time. Renewable energy resources include: biomass, hydro, geothermal, solar, wind, ocean thermal, wave action, and tidal action. (EIA) Renewable electricity refers to electric power obtained from energy sources whose utilization does not result in the depletion of the earths resources. Renewable electricity also includes energy sources and technologies that have minimal environmental impacts, such as less intrusive hydro and certain biomass combustion. These sources of electricity normally will include solar energy, wind, biomass co-generation and gasification, hydro, geothermal, tide, wave and hydrogen energy. ( i i Renewable Energy Policy) h d (Nigeria bl li ) Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 9. 酷看姻馨壊油看韓油檎艶稼艶敬温恢鉛艶油掘稼艶姻乙霞油 Forms of Renewable Energy Windenergy Ki i Wi d Kineticenergypresentinwindmotionthatcanbeconvertedtomechanical i i d i h b d h i l energyfordrivingpumps,mills,andelectricpowergenerators. Solar Solarenergyisthesunsrays(solarradiation)thatreachtheearth.Solarenergycan beconvertedintootherformsofenergy,suchasheatandelectricity. be converted into other forms of energy such as heat and electricity Hydropower Hydroenergyissimplyenergythatistakenfromwaterandconvertedto electricity.Hydroenergycanbeobtainedbyusingmanymethodsofcapture.Themost commonmethodofusingenergyfromwaterisahydroelectricdam,wherewatercoming g gy y g downthroughanareacausesturbinestorotateandtheenergyiscapturedtoruna generator. Biomass Organicnonfossilmaterialofbiologicaloriginconstitutingarenewableenergy source. GeothermalenergyTheheatthatisextractedfromhotwaterorsteamthatisminedfrom geothermalreservoirsintheearthscrust.Waterorsteamcanbeusedasaworkingfluidfor geothermalheatpumps,waterheating,orelectricitygeneration,andthenisreinjectedback geothermal heat pumps water heating or electricity generation and then is reinjected back intotheearth. Oceanenergy Energyconversiontechnologiesthatharnesstheenergyintides,waves,and g thermalgradientsintheoceans. Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 10. 酷顎艶鉛油壊鞄温姻艶壊油看韓油敬看姻鉛糸油艶鉛艶界岳姻庄界庄岳霞油乙艶稼艶姻温岳庄看稼油 2004 Non-Renew. Waste Nuclear Gas 0.3% 0 3% Other Other** 15.7% 19.6% 0.8% Oil Renewables Hydro 6.7% 17.9% 16.1% Renewable Coal Combustible 39.8% 39 8% s and Waste 1.0% Source: IEA Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 11. 檎掘油姻艶壊看顎姻界艶油恢温壊艶油庄稼油鰻庄乙艶姻庄温油 RE resource base in Nigeria Energy Source Capacity Small Hydro 734 mw Animal waste 61 million tonnes/yr y Crop residue 83 million tonnes/yr Solar radiation 3.5-7.0 kWh/m2 - day Wind 2-4 m/second Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 12. Nigeria sREPlans Nigerias RE Plans EPSRA Section88(9) REseenmainlyinthelightofRural ( ) y g Electrification NationalEnergyPolicy National Energy Policy RenewableEnergyPolicy RenewableEnergyActionPlan RenewableEnergyMasterPlan Renewable Energy Master Plan Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 13. Nigeria sREPlans Hydropower Nigerias RE Plans Hydropower Policies Thenationshallfullyharnessthehydropowerpotentialavailablein thecountryforelectricitygeneration h f l Thenationshallpayparticularattentiontothedevelopmentofthe miniandmicrohydropowerschemes y p Theexploitationofthehydropowerresourcesshallbedoneinan environmentallyfriendlymanner Pi Privatesectorandindigenousparticipationinhydropower d i di i i i i h d developmentshallbeactivelypromoted Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 14. Nigeria sREPlans Hydropower(contd.) Nigerias RE Plans Hydropower (contd.) Objectives Toincreasethepercentagecontributionofhydroelectricitytothe totalenergymix l Toextendelectricitytoruralandremoteareas,throughtheuseof miniandmicrohydropowerschemes y p Toconservenonrenewableresourcesusedinthegenerationof electricity T di Todiversifytheenergyresourcebase if h b Toensureminimumdamagetotheecosystemarisingfrom hydropowerdevelopment y p p Toattractprivateinvestmentsintothehydropowersubsector Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 15. Nigeria sREPlans Hydropower(contd.) Nigerias RE Plans Hydropower (contd.) Strategies Establishingandmaintainingmultilateralagreementstomonitorandregulatetheuseof waterininternationalriversflowingthroughthecountry g g y Ensuringincreasedindigenousparticipationintheplanning,designandconstructionof hydropowerstations Providingbasicengineeringinfrastructurefortheproductionofhydropowerplants, equipmentandaccessories Encouragingprivatesector,bothindigenousandforeign,intheestablishmentand operationofhydropowerplants Encouragingprivatesector,bothindigenousandforeign,forthelocalproductionof hydropowerplantsandaccessories Ensuringthatruralelectricityboardsincorporatesmallscalehydropowerplantsintheir developmentplans development plans PromotingandsupportingR&Dactivitiesforthelocaladaptationofhydropowerplant technologies Initiating and updating data on the development of the hydro potential of our rivers and Initiatingandupdatingdataonthedevelopmentofthehydropotentialofourriversand identifyingallpossiblelocationsfordams Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 16. Nigeria sREPlans Nigerias RE Plans Solar Policies l Thenationshallaggressivelypursuetheintegrationofsolarenergy intotheenergymix gy Thenationshallkeepabreastwithworldwidedevelopmentsinsolar energytechnology Objectives Obj i Todevelopthenationscapabilityintheutilizationofsolarenergy To use solar energy as a complimentary energy resource in the rural Tousesolarenergyasacomplimentaryenergyresourceintherural andurbanareas Todevelopthemarketforsolarenergytechnologies Todevelopsolarenergyconversiontechnologieslocally Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 17. Nigeria sREPlans Solar(contd.) Nigerias RE Plans Solar (contd.) Strategies (i)IntensifyingR&Dinsolarenergytechnology (ii)Promotingtrainingandmanpowerdevelopment ( ) g g p p (iii)Providingadequateincentivestolocalmanufacturersfortheproductionof solarenergysystems (iv) Providing adequate incentives to suppliers of solar energy products and (iv)Providingadequateincentivestosuppliersofsolarenergyproductsand services (v)Introducingmeasurestosupportthelocalsolarenergyindustry ( i) S tti (vi)Settingupextensionprogramstointroducesolartechnologyintothe t i t i t d l t h l i t th energymix (vii)Providingfiscalincentivesfortheinstallationofsolarenergysystems (viii)Settingupandmaintainingacomprehensiveinformationsystemon availablesolarenergyresourcesandtechnologies Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 18. Nigeria sREPlans Nigerias RE Plans Biomass Policies l Thenationshalleffectivelyharnessnonfuelwoodbiomassenergy resourcesandintegratethemwithotherenergyresources g gy Thenationshallpromotetheuseofefficientbiomassconversion technologies Obj i Objectives Topromotebiomassasanalternativeenergyresourceespeciallyinthe ruralareas Topromoteefficientuseofagriculturalresidues,animalandhuman wastesasenergysources T d Toreducehealthhazardsarisingfromcombustionofbiomassfuel h l hh d ii f b i f bi f l Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 19. Nigeria sREPlans Biomass(contd.) Nigerias RE Plans Biomass (contd.) Strategies Developingextensionprogramstofacilitatethegeneraluseofnew biomassenergytechnologies gy g PromotingR&Dinbiomassenergytechnology Establishingpilotprojectsfortheproductionofbiomassenergy conversiondevicesandsystems i d i d Providingadequateincentivestolocalentrepreneursforthe p productionofbiomassenergyconversionsystems gy y rainingofskilledmanpowerforthemaintenanceofbiomassenergy conversionsystems D l i Developingskilledmanpowerandprovidingbasicengineering kill d d idi b i i i infrastructureforthelocalproductionofcomponentsandspareparts forbiomasssystems Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 20. Nigeria sREPlans Wind Nigerias RE Plans Wind Policies l Thenationshallcommerciallydevelopitswindenergyresourcesand integratethiswithotherenergyresourcesintoabalancedenergymix g gy gy Thenationshalltakenecessarymeasurestoensurethatthisformof energyisharnessedatsustainablecoststobothsuppliersand consumersintheruralareas consumers in the rural areas Objectives Todevelopwindenergyasanalternativeenergyresource p gy gy Todeveloplocalcapabilityinwindenergytechnology Tousewindenergyforprovisionofpowerinruralareasandremote communitiesfarremovedfromthenationalgrid ii f df h i l id Toapplywindenergytechnologyinareaswhereitistechnicallyand economicallyfeasible y Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 21. Nigeria sREPlans Wind(contd.) Nigerias RE Plans Wind (contd.) Strategies EncouragingR&Dinwindenergyutilization Developing skilled manpower for provision of basic engineering Developingskilledmanpowerforprovisionofbasicengineering infrastructureforlocalproductionofcomponentsandsparepartsof windpowersystems Intensifyingworkinwinddataacquisitionanddevelopmentofwind if i ki i dd iii dd l f i d maps Trainingofskilledcraftsmentoensuretheoperationandmaintenance g p ofwindenergysystems Providingappropriateincentivestoproducers,developersand consumersofwindenergysystems consumers of wind energy systems Developingextensionprogramstofacilitatethegeneraluseofwind energytechnology Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 22. 意鞄艶油界温壊艶油韓看姻油檎掘油 The case for RE AbundantREresources Energydemand Populationprojectedtodouble Energydemandtotriple Environment Fossilfuelemissions CDM C Securityofsupply Nonrenewablenatureoffossilfuel Securityofpipelineinfrastructure Analternate/additionalsourceofpower Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 23. 鴛壊壊顎艶壊油岳看油温糸糸姻艶壊壊 Issues to address CreationofaRenewableEnergyAgencyorextensionofthe mandateoftheRuralElectrificationAgency RE l ? RElaw? Feedinvs.RenewablePortfolioStandard Comprehensive mapping of RE resources ComprehensivemappingofREresources Initiationofpilotprojectsoncommercialbasis Introduction of appropriate incentives Introductionofappropriateincentives Ispioneerholidaysufficient? Abolition/suspensionofimportduties? / p p Appropriatetariffregime&PPAs Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972
- 24. Thank you Odujinrin & Adefulu 1st Floor, Church House 29, Marina, 29 Marina Lagos enquiries@odujinrinadefulu.com Odujinrin&Adefuluestd.1972