The document provides an overview and analysis of T.P. Kailasam's play "The Curse of Karna". It summarizes the plot of the five acts which retell the life of Karna from the Mahabharata. It then analyzes how Kailasam deconstructed myths around characters like Parshuram and Draupadi. It argues the play explores themes of caste conflict and how Karna, as a marginalized figure, was excluded from education and respect due to his low birth, making him a symbol of subaltern identity. It ultimately portrays Karna as the unsung hero of the Mahabharata who met a tragic fate despite his noble qualities through no fault
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings which is filtered through emotion recollected in tranquillity.
Indian English literature (IEL) refers to works written in English by Indian authors. It began in the 1930s with writers like R.K. Narayan, Mulk Raj Anand, and Raja Rao contributing to Indian fiction. IEL is also associated with works by members of the Indian diaspora. While initially influenced by Western novels, IEL developed styles using English blended with Indian terms to represent Indian experiences. Notable later IEL writers include Salman Rushdie, whose novel Midnight's Children blended languages, and Arundhati Roy.
This document summarizes Kuntaka's theory of Vakrokti, or oblique expression, which he considers the hallmark of creative literature. Vakrokti involves expressing things in a striking way that goes beyond direct description. Kuntaka believes Vakrokti is the source of beauty in poetry. He discusses the origins and definitions of Vakrokti provided by other theorists like Bhamaha and Dandin. Kuntaka also compares his view of Vakrokti to Anandvardhana's theory of Dhvani and provides classifications of Vakrokti, including six types.
Northrop Frye developed a theory of literature based on archetypes and myths. He believed that literature is not merely a reflection of life or expression of personality, but rather transformations of universal myths and symbols. Frye identified four archetypes that appear across different genres of literature - spring, summer, autumn, and winter - which correspond to the solar cycle, seasonal changes, and stages of life. According to Frye, all branches of literature and their genres are transformations of basic myths that fall under these four archetypes, including myths of birth, sacred marriage, fall, and dark power.
This document discusses the history and development of Indian English literature. It begins by mentioning Salman Rushdie's quote about literature opening doors to imagination and understanding. It then discusses Sake Dean Mahomet, considered the first Indian to write a book in English in the 18th century. Indian English literature refers to works written in English by Indian authors, and also the Indian diaspora such as Salman Rushdie. Writers like Rabindranath Tagore inspired Indians and his translations helped popularize English. The document goes on to list many influential Indian English authors and their contributions to literature.
Saussure introduces his theory of the linguistic sign, which is composed of the signifier (the sound pattern) and the signified (the concept or meaning). He argues that the relationship between the signifier and signified is arbitrary - there is no natural connection between the sound of a word and its meaning. For example, the sounds "s-o-r" in French arbitrarily signify the concept of sister. Saussure also notes that the linguistic sign is linear, as the sound signal occurs over time rather than space. His work established modern linguistic analysis and the understanding of language as a system of interconnected signs.
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy -John drydenMilindBedse
油
The document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay of Dramatic Poesy". The essay is structured as a dialogue between four friends - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - discussing theories of drama. Crites argues that Greek/Roman literature should be the model and praised the ancients' adherence to the three unities. Eugenius agrees with imitating the ancients but thinks English dramatists have improved on them. Lisideius claims French dramatists are now better than the English due to their simpler plots. However, Neander disagrees, defending English dramatists' use of subplots and mixing of comedy and tragedy.
This Presentation is part of my M.A Study Paper about "Criticism and Indian aesthetic". Here my presentation is about Practical Criticism by I.A Richard.
Decolonization of Indian mind- Namvar SinghParmar Milan
油
This document is a student paper on decolonizing literature in India. It was written by Parmar Milankumar for a post-colonial literature class taught by Dr. Dilip Barad at M.K. Bhavnagar University. The paper discusses key concepts related to decolonization in literature such as hegemony, nationalism, and magic realism. It also examines how Indian writers have moved away from realistic European novels and instead draw from ancient Indian tales and narratives to create a more authentically Indian literature in English.
Edward Said's 'Crisis in Orientalism' is a critical text known for its challenges upon the concept of Orientalism. This is a presentation done at St.Joseph's College, Trichy, by a student of II M.A English.
This document provides an overview of Jacques Derrida's concept of "differance". It defines differance as a pun on "difference" and "deferment", referring to the endless deferral of meaning in language due to words referring to other words. Differance is neither positive nor negative, but is the force that enables differentiation and postponing in sign systems. The document traces the concept back to Derrida's 1963 work and discusses how it challenges the relationship between signifiers and signifieds. It provides examples of how meanings can shift through an associative chain of words.
This document discusses the Dhvani theory of Indian poetics. It explains that Dhvani theory focuses on suggestion and symbolism in poetry rather than direct meanings. The Dhvani school was formulated by Anandavardhana in the 9th century, who argued that aesthetic pleasure or rasa in a poem is experienced through suggestion rather than the literal meaning of words. There are three types of implicit meanings - vastu dhvani implies rare ideas, alankara dhvani suggests figures of speech, and rasa dhvani evokes aesthetic emotions. Words have three powers - abhidha is the basic meaning, lakshana indicates deeper meanings, and vyanjana is what is suggested
This document contains information about Parmar Krupa Jivabhai, a student submitting a paper to the Department of English in Bhavnagar. It then provides details about Aristotle, the Greek philosopher and scientist. It notes that Aristotle was born in 384 BCE in Stagirus and lost his father at a young age. At age 18, Aristotle joined Plato's Academy and studied there until age 37. The document goes on to discuss Aristotle's analysis of tragedy and its six elements - plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. It provides examples and explanations of each of these elements.
PAPER-3 DRYDEN'S CONCEPT OF ANCIENT VS MODERNpoojagohil30
油
This document summarizes John Dryden's views on ancient vs modern tragedy in his work An Essay of Dramatic Poesy. It discusses several key points of debate between the ancients and moderns regarding dramatic rules and styles. Dryden himself preferred the more natural English drama over rigid French tragedy, though he respected the ancients. He felt Shakespeare best captured life's truths while Johnson combined scope and classicism, but both surpassed other traditions.
A Passage to India: What exactly happens in the Marabar caves? Indicate the c...AleeenaFarooq
油
A passage to India. What exactly happens in the Marabar caves? Indicate the consequences of the visit.
What are the effects of the visit upon Mrs. Moore and Ms. Adela?
New Historicism is a method that reads literary and non-literary texts from the same historical period together. It was coined by Stephen Greenblatt in 1980 and was influenced by Michel Foucault's theory. Unlike old historicism, new historicism gives equal weight to literary and non-literary texts and sees them as constantly informing each other. It places literary texts in the context of historical documents from the same time period rather than seeing history as a background to literature.
This document provides a summary of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1817 work Biographia Literaria. It discusses that the work is a critical text divided into 24 chapters where Coleridge presents his views on the nature and functions of poetry. Specifically, it examines Coleridge's definition of a poem as an "organic whole" and his distinction between imagination and fancy. It also analyzes Coleridge's concept of primary imagination as the living power that mimics divine creation and shapes perception, as well as his description of the imagination's "esemplastic" ability to shape disparate ideas into one coherent whole.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Matthew Arnold outlined key qualities of a literary critic in his essay "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time". He believed a critic should: 1) Disseminate ideas in a disinterested manner, judging works based only on their own merits rather than outside factors. 2) Have extensive knowledge of the best works from antiquity to the present across languages. 3) Act as an educator who spreads noble ideas to the public and establishes a flow of new thought that prepares society for future creative works.
A FEW NOTES IN INDIAN LITERATURE HISTORYUtkarsh Dev
油
The document provides an in-depth analysis of Indian author Manohar Malgonkar and his works. It summarizes that Malgonkar was a late entrant to Indo-English fiction but earned considerable recognition with his novels and short stories portraying Indian life and the effects of British rule and changes in traditional Indian society. While some critics dismissed his works, others recognized him as a significant novelist depicting the social, political, and historical developments in 20th century India through diverse characters of different backgrounds, communities, and statuses.
The document summarizes Amitav Ghosh's novel "The Shadow Lines". It provides background on the author, publication details of the novel, and discusses key themes like nationalism. It also summarizes the plot, which follows a young narrator and his memories of his cousin Ila. The novel examines how political boundaries are created and can divide societies, as seen in the division of India. It analyzes memories and connections between people and places across borders.
The document discusses Aristotle's concept of catharsis from his work Poetics. Catharsis refers to the purging of emotions, especially fear and pity, that occurs when watching a tragedy. While Aristotle did not provide a specific definition, catharsis is generally thought to be the healthy and humanizing effect experienced by spectators through feeling fear vicariously in a controlled setting of a tragic story. The document provides examples of catharsis in Shakespeare's plays Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.
This document provides an overview of postcolonial theorist Gayatri Spivak and her work on subaltern studies. It discusses that Spivak is an influential intellectual who argues that subaltern groups cannot speak for themselves due to the structures of colonial power that oppress them. The document also defines subaltern as those who are oppressed and subordinate due to class, gender, race and culture. It summarizes several of Spivak's key works and contributions to postcolonial and feminist theory.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Raja Rao's novel "Kanthapura". It discusses the author Raja Rao, the protagonist Moorthy, major women characters, and themes of struggle for freedom and Gandhian influence. It also analyzes the novel's social, religious, and political backgrounds as well as its style, which blends English and Indian elements. In conclusion, the document states that Raja Rao effectively portrayed the total Indian background and created a sense of unified Indian identity through the novel.
This document provides information about a paper submitted by Umaba Gohil on the topic of New Historicism. New Historicism aims to understand literary works through their historical context and time/place of composition. It views culture as text and literature as reflecting and commenting on its sociocultural context. New Historicists study both canonical and non-canonical works and take an interdisciplinary approach, discussing politics, class and power in relation to literature.
This Presentation is part of my M.A Study Paper about "Criticism and Indian aesthetic". Here my presentation is about Practical Criticism by I.A Richard.
Decolonization of Indian mind- Namvar SinghParmar Milan
油
This document is a student paper on decolonizing literature in India. It was written by Parmar Milankumar for a post-colonial literature class taught by Dr. Dilip Barad at M.K. Bhavnagar University. The paper discusses key concepts related to decolonization in literature such as hegemony, nationalism, and magic realism. It also examines how Indian writers have moved away from realistic European novels and instead draw from ancient Indian tales and narratives to create a more authentically Indian literature in English.
Edward Said's 'Crisis in Orientalism' is a critical text known for its challenges upon the concept of Orientalism. This is a presentation done at St.Joseph's College, Trichy, by a student of II M.A English.
This document provides an overview of Jacques Derrida's concept of "differance". It defines differance as a pun on "difference" and "deferment", referring to the endless deferral of meaning in language due to words referring to other words. Differance is neither positive nor negative, but is the force that enables differentiation and postponing in sign systems. The document traces the concept back to Derrida's 1963 work and discusses how it challenges the relationship between signifiers and signifieds. It provides examples of how meanings can shift through an associative chain of words.
This document discusses the Dhvani theory of Indian poetics. It explains that Dhvani theory focuses on suggestion and symbolism in poetry rather than direct meanings. The Dhvani school was formulated by Anandavardhana in the 9th century, who argued that aesthetic pleasure or rasa in a poem is experienced through suggestion rather than the literal meaning of words. There are three types of implicit meanings - vastu dhvani implies rare ideas, alankara dhvani suggests figures of speech, and rasa dhvani evokes aesthetic emotions. Words have three powers - abhidha is the basic meaning, lakshana indicates deeper meanings, and vyanjana is what is suggested
This document contains information about Parmar Krupa Jivabhai, a student submitting a paper to the Department of English in Bhavnagar. It then provides details about Aristotle, the Greek philosopher and scientist. It notes that Aristotle was born in 384 BCE in Stagirus and lost his father at a young age. At age 18, Aristotle joined Plato's Academy and studied there until age 37. The document goes on to discuss Aristotle's analysis of tragedy and its six elements - plot, character, thought, diction, melody, and spectacle. It provides examples and explanations of each of these elements.
PAPER-3 DRYDEN'S CONCEPT OF ANCIENT VS MODERNpoojagohil30
油
This document summarizes John Dryden's views on ancient vs modern tragedy in his work An Essay of Dramatic Poesy. It discusses several key points of debate between the ancients and moderns regarding dramatic rules and styles. Dryden himself preferred the more natural English drama over rigid French tragedy, though he respected the ancients. He felt Shakespeare best captured life's truths while Johnson combined scope and classicism, but both surpassed other traditions.
A Passage to India: What exactly happens in the Marabar caves? Indicate the c...AleeenaFarooq
油
A passage to India. What exactly happens in the Marabar caves? Indicate the consequences of the visit.
What are the effects of the visit upon Mrs. Moore and Ms. Adela?
New Historicism is a method that reads literary and non-literary texts from the same historical period together. It was coined by Stephen Greenblatt in 1980 and was influenced by Michel Foucault's theory. Unlike old historicism, new historicism gives equal weight to literary and non-literary texts and sees them as constantly informing each other. It places literary texts in the context of historical documents from the same time period rather than seeing history as a background to literature.
This document provides a summary of Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1817 work Biographia Literaria. It discusses that the work is a critical text divided into 24 chapters where Coleridge presents his views on the nature and functions of poetry. Specifically, it examines Coleridge's definition of a poem as an "organic whole" and his distinction between imagination and fancy. It also analyzes Coleridge's concept of primary imagination as the living power that mimics divine creation and shapes perception, as well as his description of the imagination's "esemplastic" ability to shape disparate ideas into one coherent whole.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
Matthew Arnold outlined key qualities of a literary critic in his essay "The Function of Criticism at the Present Time". He believed a critic should: 1) Disseminate ideas in a disinterested manner, judging works based only on their own merits rather than outside factors. 2) Have extensive knowledge of the best works from antiquity to the present across languages. 3) Act as an educator who spreads noble ideas to the public and establishes a flow of new thought that prepares society for future creative works.
A FEW NOTES IN INDIAN LITERATURE HISTORYUtkarsh Dev
油
The document provides an in-depth analysis of Indian author Manohar Malgonkar and his works. It summarizes that Malgonkar was a late entrant to Indo-English fiction but earned considerable recognition with his novels and short stories portraying Indian life and the effects of British rule and changes in traditional Indian society. While some critics dismissed his works, others recognized him as a significant novelist depicting the social, political, and historical developments in 20th century India through diverse characters of different backgrounds, communities, and statuses.
The document summarizes Amitav Ghosh's novel "The Shadow Lines". It provides background on the author, publication details of the novel, and discusses key themes like nationalism. It also summarizes the plot, which follows a young narrator and his memories of his cousin Ila. The novel examines how political boundaries are created and can divide societies, as seen in the division of India. It analyzes memories and connections between people and places across borders.
The document discusses Aristotle's concept of catharsis from his work Poetics. Catharsis refers to the purging of emotions, especially fear and pity, that occurs when watching a tragedy. While Aristotle did not provide a specific definition, catharsis is generally thought to be the healthy and humanizing effect experienced by spectators through feeling fear vicariously in a controlled setting of a tragic story. The document provides examples of catharsis in Shakespeare's plays Macbeth and Romeo and Juliet.
This document provides an overview of postcolonial theorist Gayatri Spivak and her work on subaltern studies. It discusses that Spivak is an influential intellectual who argues that subaltern groups cannot speak for themselves due to the structures of colonial power that oppress them. The document also defines subaltern as those who are oppressed and subordinate due to class, gender, race and culture. It summarizes several of Spivak's key works and contributions to postcolonial and feminist theory.
This document provides an overview and analysis of Raja Rao's novel "Kanthapura". It discusses the author Raja Rao, the protagonist Moorthy, major women characters, and themes of struggle for freedom and Gandhian influence. It also analyzes the novel's social, religious, and political backgrounds as well as its style, which blends English and Indian elements. In conclusion, the document states that Raja Rao effectively portrayed the total Indian background and created a sense of unified Indian identity through the novel.
This document provides information about a paper submitted by Umaba Gohil on the topic of New Historicism. New Historicism aims to understand literary works through their historical context and time/place of composition. It views culture as text and literature as reflecting and commenting on its sociocultural context. New Historicists study both canonical and non-canonical works and take an interdisciplinary approach, discussing politics, class and power in relation to literature.
Bharat's Theory of Rasa is a pioneering concept in Indian poetics that examines the relationship between emotions, aesthetics, and narrative. It establishes nine rasas or aesthetic flavors - love, humor, sorrow, anger, heroism, terror, disgust, wonder, and peace - that are evoked in an audience through the conjunction of various story elements. While influential, the theory faces some challenges in application and has seen little development in recent centuries. It emphasizes close reading and analysis of elements like characterization, language, and presentation to understand how a work produces an emotional response in the audience.
This document provides an overview of what a literature review is and how to conduct one. It defines a literature review as a critical summary and evaluation of previous research and scholarly articles on a specific topic. The document discusses what should be reviewed, such as research articles and books. It also outlines useful tools for conducting a literature review, including the library, Google Scholar, and databases. Furthermore, it explains how to organize a literature review thematically or conceptually. The document stresses the importance of avoiding plagiarism by properly citing and documenting sources.
Plagiarism involves using others' work, ideas, or text without giving proper credit. It can take various forms such as copying verbatim without quotation marks, paraphrasing without citation, or self-plagiarism by reusing one's own work. Consequences of plagiarism include damage to one's reputation, failure or discontinuation of studies, loss of employment, legal issues, and fines. Unintentional plagiarism can occur due to pressures, disorganization, carelessness, lack of knowledge, or language barriers. To avoid plagiarism, one should keep detailed records, use proper citation styles, and utilize reference management and plagiarism checking tools.
This document discusses Digital India, a flagship program launched in 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi to transform India into a digitally empowered society. The key objectives of Digital India are to empower citizens digitally, create digital infrastructure, and enable digital delivery of services related to healthcare, education, agriculture, financial inclusion, cyber security and more. It aims to achieve these goals through initiatives focused on areas like universal connectivity, e-governance, public internet access, electronics manufacturing, information sharing, and cyber security coordination.
This document defines a questionnaire as a set of questions used to gather responses, attitudes, or preferences from a particular group regarding a specific subject. Questionnaires are used for business surveys, assessing social, economic, or psychological conditions, and determining levels of satisfaction. There are different types of questionnaires including social, educational, and business surveys. The document provides guidelines for effective questionnaire design, such as using clear, concise, and logically ordered questions that are relevant to the topic of interest. Common question types and digital questionnaire tools are also outlined.
This document outlines the proper use of pronouns with the verbs "do", "be", and "have". It lists the first, second and third person singular and plural forms of each verb to show how they are conjugated depending on the subject pronoun. For example, "I do" and "he/she/it does" but "we do" and "they do". It is presented by M.S. Disha P. Kariya, a lecturer of English, to explain pronoun-verb agreement.
This document discusses various ICT tools that can be used for English language learning, including mobile apps like the BBC Learning App for activities, videos, and quizzes; English Language Skills for games, puzzles, and exercises; and Duolingo for listening, speaking, reading, and writing skills. It also mentions websites/blogs like BBC Learning and ESL Pod, offline dictionaries, and MOOCs providers like Swayam, edX, and Coursera. The tools provide fun and interactive ways to enhance English language skills.
fermentation presentation pr including the bioreactor technique to used in media growth i.e. continues ,fib batch ,batch ,submerged .solid liquid fermentation
Mastering Public Speaking: Key Skills for Confident Communicationkarthikeyans20012004
油
This presentation, delivered by Karthikeyan S., explores the essential components of effective public speaking. It covers the importance of communication in personal and professional growth, outlines core speaking skills such as confidence, clarity, and engagement, and provides actionable strategies to structure speeches, manage nervousness, and interact with audiences. The session also emphasizes continuous improvement through feedback and practice, equipping participants with tools to become persuasive and impactful speakers.
English - Mining RACE - IconX - PresenationMining RACE
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皚鏝 Bitcoin - Mining Race 皚鏝 The fastest-growing Bitcoin movement 皚鏝 English
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Mining Race - The fastest-growing Bitcoin movement
Participate in the ultimate Bitcoin community challenge. Climb to the top in the Mining Race.
Cryptocurrencies are all about the community. And what better way to support the BTC community than with a community-based mining program?
By participating in the Mining Race, you not only support the Bitcoin blockchain, but also receive additional rewards for being a member of the Mining Race community!
Ready for the Bitcoin Mining Race Challenge?
皚鏝 Referral link - https://miningrace.com/wallet/invite-activate/edA6xDgWMVLBAfCClWJy 皚鏝
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The Role of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Study on City...SintiakHaque
油
This presentation is part of my internship defense exam and focuses on the topic: "The Role of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Study on City Bank PLC, Mirpur Branch." The study explores how structured training and development programs influence employee productivity, motivation, and overall performance within the organization, based on practical insights gained during my internship.
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Rethinking the Multipolar World and the Roles of Middle Powers: Nigeria as a ...Kayode Fayemi
油
I was honoured to speak at the global dialogue on Rethinking the Multipolar World and the Roles of Middle Powers: Nigeria as a Case Study in Bangkok, hosted by the Foreign Policy Community of Indonesia (FPCI) and the Middle Powers Studies Network (MPSN).
My address explored The Future of the Global South: Strategic Opportunities for Cooperation Among Middle Powers, which is a timely topic in an era marked by great-power rivalries and multilateral fatigue.
Drawing on Nigerias unique position as Africas most populous country and a strategic regional force, I argued that middle powers must go beyond passive balancing and begin to shape the global order proactively. Nigeria, with its demographic strength, economic potential, regional leadership, and diplomatic reach, is well-positioned to collaborate with like-minded middle powers to advance a more inclusive, representative, and pragmatic international system.
From BRICS to G20, from global tax reform to regional peacebuilding, middle powers must leverage their collective influence to drive structural change. For Nigeria, this means revitalising our foreign policy, investing in regional cooperation, harnessing the power of our diaspora, and adopting a smart multi-alignment strategy that puts national interest and continental priorities first.
I thank FPCI, MPSN, and the government and people of Thailand for the warm hospitality. The task ahead requires transformative leadership that will build alliances that work, create a world that listens, and place cooperation over competition.
This slide highlights Mexico City as a key hub for international business in Latin America. As the capital of Mexico and one of the largest metropolitan economies in the region, Mexico City offers a strategic location, a skilled workforce, and a growing infrastructure that supports global trade and investment. The city is home to numerous multinational corporations, financial institutions, and industrial sectors, making it a vital center for international business operations.
Challenges faced by women in banking sectorSintiakHaque
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This report explores the various challenges faced by women in the banking sector, focusing on issues such as gender inequality, limited career advancement opportunities, work-life balance struggles, and workplace discrimination. Despite the growing presence of women in the financial industry, many still encounter barriers in leadership roles and face unconscious bias in recruitment, promotions, and decision-making processes. The report also highlights efforts made by organizations to promote gender diversity and inclusion, and offers recommendations to create a more equitable and supportive work environment for women in banking.
stackconf 2025 | 2025: I Dont Know K8S and at This Point, Im Too Afraid To ...NETWAYS
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Its 2025 and everybody has used or at least heard about Kubernetes If youre at the start of the journey into Kubernetes, or youd like to understand why Kubernetes is a compute abstraction and a platform for building platforms, then this talk is for you. Scope: lower the entry cost to Kubernetes (for those who havent worked with Kubernetes) and to offer another perspective for the more experienced ones (by tackling subjects like k8s API, controlers and operators).
Challenges faced by women in banking sectorSintiakHaque
油
This report explores the various challenges faced by women in the banking sector, focusing on issues such as gender inequality, limited career advancement opportunities, work-life balance struggles, and workplace discrimination. Despite the growing presence of women in the financial industry, many still encounter barriers in leadership roles and face unconscious bias in recruitment, promotions, and decision-making processes. The report also highlights efforts made by organizations to promote gender diversity and inclusion, and offers recommendations to create a more equitable and supportive work environment for women in banking.
Absolutely! Cross-cultural communication is the process of understanding and interacting effectively with people from different cultural backgrounds. Here are some key concepts:
- **Cultural Awareness**: Recognizing that different cultures have unique values, traditions, and communication styles. Being aware of these differences helps avoid misunderstandings.
- **High-Context vs. Low-Context Cultures**: High-context cultures (like Japan or Arab countries) rely heavily on implicit communication and shared understanding, whereas low-context cultures (like the U.S. or Germany) prefer explicit and direct communication.
- **Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication**: Words matter, but so do gestures, facial expressions, tone, and body language. Some cultures rely more on non-verbal cues than others.
- **Cultural Adaptation**: The process of adjusting one's behaviors and communication style to fit into a different cultural environment. This includes learning new norms and expectations.
- **Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural Relativism**: Ethnocentrism is judging another culture based on one's own, while cultural relativism encourages understanding a culture from its own perspective without bias.
- **Stereotypes and Prejudices**: Generalized beliefs about cultural groups can create barriers to effective communication. It's important to approach interactions with an open mind.
- **Power Distance**: Different cultures have varying degrees of acceptance for hierarchical structures and authority in communication. Some cultures expect deference to authority, while others encourage equality.
- **Language and Translation Challenges**: Words, phrases, and idioms dont always translate perfectly across languages, leading to potential miscommunication.
Cross-cultural communication is essential in todays interconnected world, whether in business, travel, education, or daily interactions.
SEO-for-Paws The Digital Trinity Seo, PPC & Social MediaVeronika H旦ller
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Lets face itmost marketing teams operate like separate planets: SEO in one corner, PPC shouting from another, and Social Media dancing to its own algorithmic beat. But in a digital world shaped by AI, Gen Z behavior, and search experiences beyond the Google bar, these silos dont just fail youthey bury your potential.
Its time to activate the Digital Trinity.
What Is the Digital Trinity?
The Digital Trinity is the unified force of SEO, PPC, and Social Media. When aligned, they dont just coexistthey supercharge one another:
SEO pulls organic users into your ecosystem with valuable, keyword-optimized content.
PPC captures attention across the funnel, from cold clicks to warm leads.
Social Media builds community, conversation, and data-rich insights that feed both PPC and SEO.
And no, this isnt just theory. HubSpot has shown us how it's done.
What's behind Mining Race? The fastest-growing Bitcoin movementMining RACE
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皚鏝 Bitcoin - Mining Race 皚鏝 The fastest-growing Bitcoin movement 皚鏝 english
皚鏝 Referral link - https://miningrace.com/wallet/invite-activate/edA6xDgWMVLBAfCClWJy 皚鏝
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Mining Race - The fastest-growing Bitcoin movement
Participate in the ultimate Bitcoin community challenge. Climb to the top in the Mining Race.
Cryptocurrencies are all about the community. And what better way to support the BTC community than with a community-based mining program?
By participating in the Mining Race, you not only support the Bitcoin blockchain, but also receive additional rewards for being a member of the Mining Race community!
Ready for the Bitcoin Mining Race Challenge?
皚鏝 Referral link - https://miningrace.com/wallet/invite-activate/edA6xDgWMVLBAfCClWJy 皚鏝
Invite code - edA6xDgWMVLBAfCClWJy
The Role of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Study on City...SintiakHaque
油
This internship report, titled "The Role of Training and Development on Employee Performance: A Study on City Bank PLC, Mirpur Branch," has been prepared as a partial requirement for the MBA program. The report examines how training and development initiatives at City Bank influence employee performance, motivation, and efficiency. Based on hands-on experience during the internship and supported by both primary and secondary data, the study provides insights into the effectiveness of T&D programs in enhancing workforce capability and achieving organizational goals.
4. Pannalal Patel
Indian author, contributed in Gujarati literature
Novels and short stories
Translation of his Works in various languages
Won Jnanpith Award in 1986 for his Magnum opus
Manvi ni Bhavai
5. Endurance: A Droll Saga
Benchmark in Indian national literature
Translated in English by Prof. V Y Kantak
Hindi and Rajsthani translation of this book
Story of Famine of Samvat 1956
A regional novel with universal appeal
6. "Manvi ni Bhavay is the mature
fruit of that earlier rebellious
impulse how assuring with the
complete artistic control."
_ Prof. V Y Kantak
7. What is Social Satire?
A style of fictional representation that
makes use of humour, irony, ridicule or
exaggeration to expose and criticize
the behaviour of people, particularly in
a social or political context.
9. Crave for a Boy Child
Vala Patel
Male child at the age of sixty
His circumstances
10. Child Marriage
Engagement of Raju and Kalu in childhood
Finalized by old lady- Fulima
"Yes, of course, my children are engaged while
they are still in their cradles!"
(Endurance A Droll Saga 28)
11. Superstitions
The Brahmin forecasting
Mali doshi as a witch
Dasha Avdasha
Women are forbidden to touch plough
12. "This truly has done the dirt on us all,
shamed the village, the whole region.
..Drag the old woman down among
the clods and pass the levelling
board over her... Otherwise...
remember she has handled the
plough, see if a single grain will grow
in our fields! There will be famine,
yes, famine. "
13. Lack of Humanity
Mali dbehaviour with Rupa doshi
Death of humanity during famine
Talakchand Karbhari
Farmers die due to hunger
14. Condition of Women
Male dominated society
Exploitation of female during famine
Kalu's mother as a widow
Raju's marriage with Dhalji
15. The mother would sternly prohibit
her, "Don't you realize you have now
grown up- a big girl? No more play
for you... remember!"
17. Satire on Superstition in society
Satire on humanity
Satire on male dominated society
The novel is a Social Satire.
18. Works
Cited
What Is Social Satire? . Study.com, Study.com, study.com/academy/answer/what-
is-social-satire.html.
Google Image Result for Https://Images-Na.ssl-Images-Amazon.com/Images/
I/81xLtBaor0L.Jpg. Images, images.app.goo.gl/wn6TzLDbQP5v4YuK7.
Google Image Result for Http://Indiannovelscollective.com/Wp-Content/
Uploads/2018/08/ManviniBhabai-Min.jpg, images.app.goo.
gl/6RMAkqyL3BHrBiwD9.
Shah , Nizil, et al. Pannalal Patel. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 June
2019, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pannalal_Patel.
World , Gazal, et al. Manvini Bhavai. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12
Sept. 2019, en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manvini_Bhavai.