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Ppt on irrigation

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This document summarizes four main irrigation methods: surface irrigation (flooding), sprinkler irrigation (applying water under pressure), drip or trickle irrigation (applying water slowly to the soil), and sub-surface irrigation (flooding water underground). Surface irrigation is the most widely used method, covering 90% of irrigated land. Sprinkler irrigation is ideal for scarce water areas. Drip irrigation conserves water, controls weeds, and applies water at a slow rate matching crop needs. Sub-surface irrigation is used where soil and topography allow watering underground.

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IRRIGATION METHODS AND DESIGNS 3.1 IRRIGATION METHODS a) Surface Irrigation:Justfloodingwater.About90%ofthe irrigatedareasintheworldarebythismethod. b) Sprinkler Irrigation:Applyingwaterunderpressure.About 5%oftheirrigatedareasarebythismethod. c) Drip or Trickle Irrigation:Applyingwaterslowlytothesoil ideallyatthesameratewithcropconsumption. d) Sub-Surface Irrigation: Flooding water underground and allowingittocomeupbycapillaritytocroproots.
SURFACE IRRIGATION Waterisappliedtothefieldineitherthecontrolledor uncontrolledmanner. Controlled: Water is applied from the head ditch and guided by corrugations, furrows, borders, or ridges. Uncontrolled:Wildflooding. Surfaceirrigationisentirelypractisedwherewateris abundant.Thelowinitialcostofdevelopmentislater offsetbyhighlabourcostofapplyingwater.There aredeeppercolation,runoffanddrainageproblems
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION 3.3.1 Introduction: Thesprinklersystemisidealin areaswherewaterisscarce. ASprinklersystemconveyswaterthroughpipesand appliesitwithaminimumamountoflosses. Water is applied in form of sprays sometimes simulatingnaturalrainfall. Thedifferenceisthatthisrainfallcanbecontrolledin durationandintensity. If well planned, designed and operated, it can be used in sloping land to reduce erosion where other systemsarenotpossible.
Components of a Sprinkler Irrigation System
Design of Sprinkler Irrigation System Objectives and Procedures Provide Sufficient Flow Capacity to meet the Irrigation Demand Ensure that the Least Irrigated Plant receives adequate Water Ensure Uniform Distribution of Water.
DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION 3.4.1 Introduction: In this irrigation system: i) Water is applied directly to the crop ie. entire field is not wetted. ii) Water is conserved (iii) Weeds are controlled because only the places getting water can grow weeds. (iv) There is a low pressure system. (v) There is a slow rate of water application somewhat matching the consumptive use. Application rate can be as low as 1 - 12 l/hr. (vi) There is reduced evaporation, only potential transpiration is considered. vii) There is no need for a drainage system.
Components of a Drip Irrigation System Control Head Wetting Pattern Unit Mainline Or Manifold Emitter Lateral
LAYOUT OF THE TRICKLE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
SUB-SURFACE IRRIGATION Applied in places where natural soil and topographic condition favor water application to the soil under the surface, a practice called sub-surface irrigation. These conditions include: a) Impervious layer at 15 cm depth or more b) Pervious soil underlying c) Uniform topographic condition d) Moderate slopes.
MADE BY Jay Devansh Nirali Siddhart jain Aayushi

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Ppt on irrigation

  • 1. IRRIGATION METHODS AND DESIGNS 3.1 IRRIGATION METHODS a) Surface Irrigation:Justfloodingwater.About90%ofthe irrigatedareasintheworldarebythismethod. b) Sprinkler Irrigation:Applyingwaterunderpressure.About 5%oftheirrigatedareasarebythismethod. c) Drip or Trickle Irrigation:Applyingwaterslowlytothesoil ideallyatthesameratewithcropconsumption. d) Sub-Surface Irrigation: Flooding water underground and allowingittocomeupbycapillaritytocroproots.
  • 2. SURFACE IRRIGATION Waterisappliedtothefieldineitherthecontrolledor uncontrolledmanner. Controlled: Water is applied from the head ditch and guided by corrugations, furrows, borders, or ridges. Uncontrolled:Wildflooding. Surfaceirrigationisentirelypractisedwherewateris abundant.Thelowinitialcostofdevelopmentislater offsetbyhighlabourcostofapplyingwater.There aredeeppercolation,runoffanddrainageproblems
  • 3. SPRINKLER IRRIGATION 3.3.1 Introduction: Thesprinklersystemisidealin areaswherewaterisscarce. ASprinklersystemconveyswaterthroughpipesand appliesitwithaminimumamountoflosses. Water is applied in form of sprays sometimes simulatingnaturalrainfall. Thedifferenceisthatthisrainfallcanbecontrolledin durationandintensity. If well planned, designed and operated, it can be used in sloping land to reduce erosion where other systemsarenotpossible.
  • 4. Components of a Sprinkler Irrigation System
  • 5. Design of Sprinkler Irrigation System Objectives and Procedures Provide Sufficient Flow Capacity to meet the Irrigation Demand Ensure that the Least Irrigated Plant receives adequate Water Ensure Uniform Distribution of Water.
  • 6. DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION 3.4.1 Introduction: In this irrigation system: i) Water is applied directly to the crop ie. entire field is not wetted. ii) Water is conserved (iii) Weeds are controlled because only the places getting water can grow weeds. (iv) There is a low pressure system. (v) There is a slow rate of water application somewhat matching the consumptive use. Application rate can be as low as 1 - 12 l/hr. (vi) There is reduced evaporation, only potential transpiration is considered. vii) There is no need for a drainage system.
  • 7. Components of a Drip Irrigation System Control Head Wetting Pattern Unit Mainline Or Manifold Emitter Lateral
  • 8. LAYOUT OF THE TRICKLE IRRIGATION SYSTEM
  • 9. SUB-SURFACE IRRIGATION Applied in places where natural soil and topographic condition favor water application to the soil under the surface, a practice called sub-surface irrigation. These conditions include: a) Impervious layer at 15 cm depth or more b) Pervious soil underlying c) Uniform topographic condition d) Moderate slopes.
  • 10. MADE BY Jay Devansh Nirali Siddhart jain Aayushi