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Sleep disorders: A research on Pharmacy girls students

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Dr. Kamal Singh Rathore
Dr. Kamal Singh Rathore

This study investigated sleep quality and habits among 226 female pharmacy students in India. The main findings were: 1. Over 60% of students reported taking more than 30 minutes to fall asleep, with common sleep disturbances being waking up due to noise, nightmares, and talking in sleep. 2. Poor sleep quality was associated with worse academic performance, as measured by feeling tired, daytime napping, and excessive daytime sleepiness. 3. Demographic factors like age and BMI did not influence sleep quality or academics, but environmental factors like noise, living conditions, and leisure activities did. 4. The course curriculum was found to negatively impact several sleep habits and exacerbate daytime sleepiness

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By: Jyoti Jha and Renu Banasthali Vidayapith Dr.KS Rathore, BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur
INTRODUCTION Sleep is an essential component for adolescent growth and today's young adolescents are deprived of it. Occupies 1/3 of our Lives (3,000 hrs /year) Necessary for Physical and Mental Health $50 Billion / Year in Lost Productivity Reference : Wikipedia and the Sleep DE cerces PPT present in different universities.
Age Average Amount of sleep Newborn Upto 18 hours 1-12 months 14-18 hours 1-3 years 12-15 hours 3-5 years 11-13 hours 5-12 years 9-11 hours Adolescents 9-10 hours Adults Including elders 7-8(+) hours As per above studies 8-9 hours are recommended sleep durations for adolescents, but our recent studies reveals that college students sleep has decreased from 7 hours 45 minute in 1969 to 7 hours in 2009 (LUND H.G. at al 2010) Reference: http://www.helpguide.org
As per our recent study low sleep quality, sleep disturbances and at least sleep dissatisfaction are prevalent among most college undergraduates which leads to: (REFF) Poor Academic performance Depressed mood Irritability Day time sleepiness Drowsiness Mood swing It has also been shown that as the pharmacy students progressed through their courses, their day time sleepiness increased and sleepier student did not achieve as good as others.
Sleep quality & the factor which affect it are not explore yet in Indian context Therefore, the present study was design to investigate the interrelation between demographic characteristics, lifestyle and academic progress with sleep quality and sleep problems along with daytime and nighttime habits in young female pharmacy students of India.
Our survey were based on the following data: Study Area one of the largest university of India "Banasthali University" Total No of students 8540 including 340 Pharmacy student No.of student surveyed 324 pharmacy student No.of student considered for survey 226 pharmacy student Average age of the participant 19.24 years Body mass index of the student (BMI) 19.89kg/m^2
Questionnaire on sleep and daytime habits (QS & DH) : 1. When do you go to bed on weekdays? 2. When do you go to bed in weekends? 3. How long does it take you to fall asleep usually? 4. How many times do you wake up during the night? 5.If you take daytime naps, how long are they? 6. How do you evaluate your sleep quality? 7. How do you evaluate your sleep quality before an exam? 8.How do you evaluate your academic progress? 9. How do you evaluate your leisure activity? 10 How do you evaluate your living condition? 11.Do you think your course curriculum affecting your sleep quality?
12.How often during the week: Do you go to bed at an unusual time (later than usually) at night? Do you have difficulty in getting to sleep at night? Do you drink coffee late in the evening? Do you use sleeping pills? Do you wake up because of noise? Do you wake up because of nightmares? Do you wake up because of talking during sleep? Do you wake up because of walking during sleep? Do you wake up because of nocturnal eating habits? Do you wake up because of leg movements or disagreeable leg sensations? Do you snore? Do you grind your teeth while asleep? Do you wake up too early and have difficulty in getting to sleep again? Do you feel tired when waking up? Do you feel daytime sleepiness? Do you feel excessive sleepiness during the lectures? Do you take daytime naps? Software used for the statistical analysis SPSS 16.0 software package Method used to find the relationship between sleep quality, night time and daytime habits, sleep problems, age and BMI Spearman Rank Order Correlations.
Five points scale based sleep quality shows the distribution of 226 students as Sleep Quality Excellent good satisfactory poor very poor 38.5% 20.4% 35.8 % 4% According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students was linked on following factors: Wake up due to noise =0.257, P=0.000 Nightmares =0.167,P=0.012 Talking during the sleep =0.140,P=0.036 Wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep again =0.217,P=0.001 Feel tired when waking up =0.202,P=0.002 Daytime naps =0.160,P=0.016 Academic progress =0.151,P=0.023 living conditions =0.168,P=0.011 leisure activity =0.133,P=0.045
Four points scale based Academic progress shows the distribution of 226 students as : Excellent good satisfactory Unsatisfactory 42.9% 45.6% 9.3 % According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students Academic progress was linked on following factors: Wake up due to noise =-0.145;P=0.029 Feel tired when waking up =-0.193,P=0.004 Daytime naps =-0.146,P=0.028 Excessive sleepiness =-0.315,P=0.000 Excessive leisure activity =-0.204,P=0.002 Four points scale based leisure activity shows the distribution of 226 students as : Leisure Activity Excellent good satisfactory Unsatisfactory 47.8 % 37.6 % 8.4% 6.2 % According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students leisure Activity was linked on following Wake up due to noise =0.154,P=0.021 academic progress =0.255,P=0.000 living conditions =0.339,P=0.000 course curriculum activity =-0.204,P=0.002 difficulty in getting sleep at night =0.253, P=0.000
Four point scale measurement of students living condition showed following distribution : Living condition Excellent good satisfactory Unsatisfactory 36.7 % 48.7% 9.7% 4.9 % According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, living conditions were associated with Course Curriculam: From our study on female pharmacy students, it was shown that course curriculum affects a no. of sleep habits like: Timing of going to bed on weekdays -0.147, P-Value 0.027 Timing of going to bed on weekends -0.163, P-Value 0.014 Sleep quality before exam -0.221, P-Value 0.001 Going to bed at an unusual time -0.156, P-Value 0.019 Wake up due to noise -0.145, P-Value 0.029 grinding teeth while asleep -0.133, P-Value 0.046 feel tired when waking up -0.193, P-Value 0.004 feeling daytime sleepiness -0.146, P-Value 0.028 excessive sleepiness in lectures -0.315, P-Value 0.000 leisure activity -0.204, P-Value 0.002 leisure activity =0.339, P=0.000 academic progress =0.335, P=0.000 feel tiredness while wake up =0.203, P=0.002 grind teeth while sleep =0.190, P=0.004 difficulty in getting sleep at night =0.158, P=0.018
Insomnia Symptom : The prevalence of nocturnal sleep disturbance symptoms were as follows: 60.2 4.4 5.8 0.9 0.4 3.1 8.4 24.3 12.4 8.4 0.4 6.6 0.4 Factors % value Sleep latency (after 1 A.M ) 60.2 difficulty getting to sleep at night (DGS) every night 4.4 waking up due to noise at night (NN) 5.8 nightmares (NM) 0.9 nocturnal eating habits (NE) 0.4 leg movements (LM) for 3-5 nights per week 3.1 tiredness in the morning (TM) for every night 8.4 daytime sleepiness (DS) for every night 24.3 daytime sleepiness during classes (DSS) 12.4 daytime sleepiness in free time (DSF) for 3-5 nights per week 8.4 snoring (S) 0.4 sleep-talking (ST) 6.6 sleepwalking (SW) 0.4
Our studies and data reveals that : Sleep disorders are common Sleep disorders are serious Factors which are associated to sleep quality are: Wake up due to noise Night mares talking during the sleep wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep again feel tired when waking up daytime naps, academic progress, living conditions & leisure activity Factors which are not associated to sleep quality are: students academic progress was found to be associated with noise, feel tired when wakeup, daytime sleepiness & excessive leisure activity while age, BMI, day time & night time activities were not found to be associated with academic progress
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Sleep disorders: A research on Pharmacy girls students

  • 1. By: Jyoti Jha and Renu Banasthali Vidayapith Dr.KS Rathore, BN Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Udaipur
  • 2. INTRODUCTION Sleep is an essential component for adolescent growth and today's young adolescents are deprived of it. Occupies 1/3 of our Lives (3,000 hrs /year) Necessary for Physical and Mental Health $50 Billion / Year in Lost Productivity Reference : Wikipedia and the Sleep DE cerces PPT present in different universities.
  • 3. Age Average Amount of sleep Newborn Upto 18 hours 1-12 months 14-18 hours 1-3 years 12-15 hours 3-5 years 11-13 hours 5-12 years 9-11 hours Adolescents 9-10 hours Adults Including elders 7-8(+) hours As per above studies 8-9 hours are recommended sleep durations for adolescents, but our recent studies reveals that college students sleep has decreased from 7 hours 45 minute in 1969 to 7 hours in 2009 (LUND H.G. at al 2010) Reference: http://www.helpguide.org
  • 4. As per our recent study low sleep quality, sleep disturbances and at least sleep dissatisfaction are prevalent among most college undergraduates which leads to: (REFF) Poor Academic performance Depressed mood Irritability Day time sleepiness Drowsiness Mood swing It has also been shown that as the pharmacy students progressed through their courses, their day time sleepiness increased and sleepier student did not achieve as good as others.
  • 5. Sleep quality & the factor which affect it are not explore yet in Indian context Therefore, the present study was design to investigate the interrelation between demographic characteristics, lifestyle and academic progress with sleep quality and sleep problems along with daytime and nighttime habits in young female pharmacy students of India.
  • 6. Our survey were based on the following data: Study Area one of the largest university of India "Banasthali University" Total No of students 8540 including 340 Pharmacy student No.of student surveyed 324 pharmacy student No.of student considered for survey 226 pharmacy student Average age of the participant 19.24 years Body mass index of the student (BMI) 19.89kg/m^2
  • 7. Questionnaire on sleep and daytime habits (QS & DH) : 1. When do you go to bed on weekdays? 2. When do you go to bed in weekends? 3. How long does it take you to fall asleep usually? 4. How many times do you wake up during the night? 5.If you take daytime naps, how long are they? 6. How do you evaluate your sleep quality? 7. How do you evaluate your sleep quality before an exam? 8.How do you evaluate your academic progress? 9. How do you evaluate your leisure activity? 10 How do you evaluate your living condition? 11.Do you think your course curriculum affecting your sleep quality?
  • 8. 12.How often during the week: Do you go to bed at an unusual time (later than usually) at night? Do you have difficulty in getting to sleep at night? Do you drink coffee late in the evening? Do you use sleeping pills? Do you wake up because of noise? Do you wake up because of nightmares? Do you wake up because of talking during sleep? Do you wake up because of walking during sleep? Do you wake up because of nocturnal eating habits? Do you wake up because of leg movements or disagreeable leg sensations? Do you snore? Do you grind your teeth while asleep? Do you wake up too early and have difficulty in getting to sleep again? Do you feel tired when waking up? Do you feel daytime sleepiness? Do you feel excessive sleepiness during the lectures? Do you take daytime naps? Software used for the statistical analysis SPSS 16.0 software package Method used to find the relationship between sleep quality, night time and daytime habits, sleep problems, age and BMI Spearman Rank Order Correlations.
  • 9. Five points scale based sleep quality shows the distribution of 226 students as Sleep Quality Excellent good satisfactory poor very poor 38.5% 20.4% 35.8 % 4% According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students was linked on following factors: Wake up due to noise =0.257, P=0.000 Nightmares =0.167,P=0.012 Talking during the sleep =0.140,P=0.036 Wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep again =0.217,P=0.001 Feel tired when waking up =0.202,P=0.002 Daytime naps =0.160,P=0.016 Academic progress =0.151,P=0.023 living conditions =0.168,P=0.011 leisure activity =0.133,P=0.045
  • 10. Four points scale based Academic progress shows the distribution of 226 students as : Excellent good satisfactory Unsatisfactory 42.9% 45.6% 9.3 % According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students Academic progress was linked on following factors: Wake up due to noise =-0.145;P=0.029 Feel tired when waking up =-0.193,P=0.004 Daytime naps =-0.146,P=0.028 Excessive sleepiness =-0.315,P=0.000 Excessive leisure activity =-0.204,P=0.002 Four points scale based leisure activity shows the distribution of 226 students as : Leisure Activity Excellent good satisfactory Unsatisfactory 47.8 % 37.6 % 8.4% 6.2 % According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, students leisure Activity was linked on following Wake up due to noise =0.154,P=0.021 academic progress =0.255,P=0.000 living conditions =0.339,P=0.000 course curriculum activity =-0.204,P=0.002 difficulty in getting sleep at night =0.253, P=0.000
  • 11. Four point scale measurement of students living condition showed following distribution : Living condition Excellent good satisfactory Unsatisfactory 36.7 % 48.7% 9.7% 4.9 % According to Spearman Rank Order Correlation, living conditions were associated with Course Curriculam: From our study on female pharmacy students, it was shown that course curriculum affects a no. of sleep habits like: Timing of going to bed on weekdays -0.147, P-Value 0.027 Timing of going to bed on weekends -0.163, P-Value 0.014 Sleep quality before exam -0.221, P-Value 0.001 Going to bed at an unusual time -0.156, P-Value 0.019 Wake up due to noise -0.145, P-Value 0.029 grinding teeth while asleep -0.133, P-Value 0.046 feel tired when waking up -0.193, P-Value 0.004 feeling daytime sleepiness -0.146, P-Value 0.028 excessive sleepiness in lectures -0.315, P-Value 0.000 leisure activity -0.204, P-Value 0.002 leisure activity =0.339, P=0.000 academic progress =0.335, P=0.000 feel tiredness while wake up =0.203, P=0.002 grind teeth while sleep =0.190, P=0.004 difficulty in getting sleep at night =0.158, P=0.018
  • 12. Insomnia Symptom : The prevalence of nocturnal sleep disturbance symptoms were as follows: 60.2 4.4 5.8 0.9 0.4 3.1 8.4 24.3 12.4 8.4 0.4 6.6 0.4 Factors % value Sleep latency (after 1 A.M ) 60.2 difficulty getting to sleep at night (DGS) every night 4.4 waking up due to noise at night (NN) 5.8 nightmares (NM) 0.9 nocturnal eating habits (NE) 0.4 leg movements (LM) for 3-5 nights per week 3.1 tiredness in the morning (TM) for every night 8.4 daytime sleepiness (DS) for every night 24.3 daytime sleepiness during classes (DSS) 12.4 daytime sleepiness in free time (DSF) for 3-5 nights per week 8.4 snoring (S) 0.4 sleep-talking (ST) 6.6 sleepwalking (SW) 0.4
  • 13. Our studies and data reveals that : Sleep disorders are common Sleep disorders are serious Factors which are associated to sleep quality are: Wake up due to noise Night mares talking during the sleep wake up too early & have difficulty in getting to sleep again feel tired when waking up daytime naps, academic progress, living conditions & leisure activity Factors which are not associated to sleep quality are: students academic progress was found to be associated with noise, feel tired when wakeup, daytime sleepiness & excessive leisure activity while age, BMI, day time & night time activities were not found to be associated with academic progress