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¢Q¿¹¡l Ts J HLœ£LlZ fÜ¢a
( Method)
by
Dr. Kanchan Kr. Bhowmik, Sr. Consultant
&
Dr. Arabinda Sengupta, DPM, Itahar unit

¢Q¿¹¡l Ts J HLœ£LlZ fÜ¢a
( Method)

 ¢Q¿¹¡l Ts J HLœ£LlZ fÜ¢a ( )
J pjpÉ¡ NZe¡ (Problem Census) fÜ¢al মধ্যে ¢jm
b¡LলেJ fÜ¢a c¤C¢V Bm¡c¡
 pjpÉ¡ NZe¡ fÜ¢aলে pjpÉ¡…¢mলে My¥লে লেhm
a¡¢mL¡i¥š² Ll¡ qu
 ¢L¿¹¥ ¢Q¿¹¡l Ts J HLœ£LlZ fÜ¢al mrÉ qm
pjpÉ¡…¢ml ea¥e ধাlনাl J pªSej§mL pj¡d¡e p§œ
My¥লে লেl Ll¡

 fË¢nrলেl pju লো hলেC, h¡Ù¹h pjpÉ¡ pj¡d¡el SলনেJ HC fÜ¢a
M¤hC pq¡uL
 cmNa fË¢œ²u¡u karZ e¡ fkÑ¿¹ kলেø pwMÉL pj¡d¡e-সূœ f¡Ju¡
k¡লে, aarZ fkÑ¿¹ ¢pÜ¡¿¹ লনJu¡l fË¢œ²u¡¢V Q¡m¤ l¡M¡ qu
 H¢V fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£লেl ab¡ Eæue LjÑ£লেl ¢nMলে p¡q¡kÉ Lলে
L£i¡লে Aলনেl d¡lZ¡…¢mলে pcbÑL cª¢ø pqL¡লে লেMলে qu

fË¢nrZ fÜ¢a ¢qp¡h ¢Q¿¹¡l Ts fÜ¢al Ef¡c¡e
 fË¢nrL h¡ pq¡uL
 HL cm fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£
 pjpÉ¡…¢mলে ¢m¢fhÜ Llলেe Hje pq¡uL
 HL¢V ¢e¢cÑø pjpÉ¡ h¡ ¢bj
 kলেø S¡uN¡ f¡Ju¡ k¡লে Hje HL¢V লোXÑ h¡ লেJu¡m লেM¡লন
p¡c¡ L¡NS py¡V¡ k¡লে
 pju

 fË¢a¢V d¡lZ¡লে NËqZলোNÉ jলন Llলে qলে
 fËbj i¡লে ( ) লোeJ d¡lZ¡l মূmÉ¡ue (¢WL h¡ i¥m
CaÉ¡¢c) Ll¡l Ae¤j¢a লেJu¡ Qmলে e¡
 d¡lZ¡l pwMÉ¡C HM¡লন ¢hলেQÉ, …Z¡…Z eu (Hলে hলে )
 HL ¢cলে d¡lZ¡…¢m ¢m¢fhÜ Ll¡ qu, pলে pলে AeÉলেlলে ¢h¢iæ d¡lZ¡ ¢cলে
Evp¡¢qa Ll¡ qu
 p’¡mL j¡লে j¡লেC Evp¡q লেবেe, k¡লে pñ¡hÉ pj¡d¡e…¢m লে¢lলে Bলস
 fËbj A¢dhnলনl fl LলেL ¢j¢eলেl ¢hl¢a লেJu¡ fËইবোSe
 ¢hl¢al fl ¢àa£u A¢dলেne ( ) fËbj A¢dলেne লেবে লে¢lলে
Bp¡ pj¡d¡e সূœ…¢ml ¢hলেoZ, hÉ¡MÉ¡, মূmÉ¡ue, pwলোSe, ¢hলোSe, f¢lj¡SÑe, pw-
ল াde, pÇf¡ce CaÉ¡¢c Ll¡
 a¡lfl চূ s¡¿¹ ¢ehÑ¡Qe J a¡l ¢i¢šলে LjÑ f¢lLÒfe¡ fËÙ¹¥a Ll¡
¢Q¿¹¡l Ts fÜ¢a¢V hÉhq¡রেl ¢h¢iæ d¡f

 ja fËL¡ল ে f¢lf§ZÑ ü¡d£ea¡
 pªSej§mL ¢Q¿¹¡i¡he¡রে EŸ£¢fa Llলে p¡q¡kÉ Lো
 fË¡b¢jL Ssa¡ L¡¢Vলে Eলে AwnNËqZL¡l£লেl AwnNËqZ h¡s¡লনা
 pLm pcpÉ Bm¡c¡ Bm¡c¡i¡লে J hÉ¢š²Nai¡লে ¢Q¿¹¡ Llলে k¡ লে¢lলে Bpa, HC
fÜ¢aলে a¡l রেকে AরেL রে¢n J AরেL i¡র ো d¡lZ¡ রে¢lরে Bরে
 k¢c AwnNËqZL¡l£রেl cm¢V "¢jnË cm' (AbÑ¡v ¢h¢iæ Ù¹রেl/ রেZ£l/jরেl/fরেl)
qu, a¡ qর HC fÜ¢a M¤hC gmfËc
 h¡Ù¹h S£he LjÑf¢lLÒfe¡ lQe¡, l©f¡uZ, ac¡l¢L, j§mÉ¡ue CaÉ¡¢c L¡S রেM¡রে র ো-
রেl¡ cmhÜi¡রে L¡S Lরে, রেM¡রেJ HC fÜ¢a L¢We L¢We pjpÉ¡l pj¡d¡রে
p¡q¡kÉ Lরে
¢Q¿¹¡l Ts fÜ¢al p¤¤¢hd¡…¢m qm

cmNa Bর োQe¡
(Group Discussion)

S¡e¡-রেM¡ qm HL¢V p¢œ²u fË¢œ²u¡ Hhw HL¢V f¢lhaÑরেেJ fË¢œ²u¡ - jরেোi¡h, -
রেোT¡fs¡u, cra¡u J BQlরেz cmNa Bর োQe¡ S¡e¡-রেM¡l fË¢œ²u¡রে ¢eরনোš²i¡রে
pq¡ua¡ Lরে :
 BNËq J hÉ¢š²Na BNËq J jরেোk¡N EŸ£¢fa Ll¡
 hÉ¢š²Na i¡he¡¢Q¿¹¡l fËL¡n J hÉ¡MÉ¡l p¤¤রেোN qu
 hÉ¢š²l dÉ¡e-d¡lZ¡রে flM Ll¡ J j§mÉ¡uরেl p¤¤রেোN qu
 ¢h¢iæ dÉ¡e-d¡lZ¡ J k¤¢š²l fË¢a ¢iæ ¢iæ cª¢øরেোZ রেকে রেোT¡ pñh qu
 a¡vr¢ZL fË¢ah¡aÑ¡ (Feed Back) f¡Ju¡ k¡u
 ¢h¢iæ hÉ¢š²l L¡R রেকে ‘¡e Bqlরেl p¤¤রেোN Oরে
S¡e¡-রেM¡l fË¢œ²u¡ ¢qp¡রে cmNa Bর োQe¡

pjpÉ¡ ‘¡fe
pjpÉ¡ ¢hরেoZ
pjpÉ¡ pj¡d¡eLরে fËরেোSe£u abÉ pwNËq
¢h¢iæ pj¡d¡e-p§রেl pwLme J ¢hরেoZ
fËÙ¹¡¢ha pj¡d¡e-p§রেl ¢e¢lরে k¡ha£u abÉরে flM Ll¡ Hhw ¢pÜ¡¿¹ রেJu¡
LjÑ-f¢lLÒfe¡ : রে, L£, LMe, রেোb¡u, L£i¡রে Llরে
pjpÉ¡ pj¡d¡e fË¢œ²u¡ ¢qp¡h cmNa Bm¡Qe¡

 AeL রে¢n pjরেl clL¡l
 fËaÉL র োV cর l SeÉ HLSe pq¡uরেl fËরেোSe
 fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£l¡ Ni£l J p¢œ²ui¡রে AwnNËqZ e¡ Llর miÉ gm f¡Ju¡ k¡u e¡
 fkÑ¡ç f¢lL¡W¡র োl clL¡l
 fË¢nrLl kরেø cra¡ e¡ b¡Lর cmNa Bর োQe¡ fÜ¢a f¢lQ¡me¡ Ll¡ J HL
gmfËp§ Lরে রেোm¡ L¢We
 LMeJ LMeJ fË¢nrL J fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£cl jরযে ¢Lwh¡ fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£cl ¢eরেকেl jরযেC
i¥m-রেোT¡h¤¢Tে pª¢ø qu
 রেhmj¡œ fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£রেl hÉÙ¹ l¡M¡l SeÉ h¡ AeÉ fÜ¢al ¢hLÒf ¢qp¡রে HC fÜ¢a
hÉhq¡l Ll¡ qর fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£l¡ ¢hlš² J LÓ¡¿¹ রেোd Llরে f¡রেe
cmNa Bm¡Qe¡l p£j¡hÜa¡

 S - Silent Member e£lh pcpÉ
- Hরে ¢hhËa e¡ Lরে Evp¡q রেJu¡ clL¡l
 W – Whisperer f¡রেl Sরেl pরে ¢gp ¢gp Llরেe
- Hরে hm¡ k¡u, "Bfe¡l Lb¡ pLmরে hm¤e'
 I – Interrupter AeÉরে b¡¢jরে Lb¡ hmরেeC
- Hরে hm¡ k¡u, "Bj¡l c¤রেো L¡e lরের ¢WLC, ¢L¿¹¥ HL pরে c¤Sরেl Lb¡ রেোe¡ k¡u
 R – Rambler Bর োQÉ ¢hou রেকে AeÉ fËpরে h¡l h¡l Q¡¢ma Lরুe
- Hরে j§m Bর োQÉ ¢hou pÇfLÑ fËnÀ Lরে fরে Be¡ রেকে f¡রে
 M – Monopoliser HL¡C hmরেe, AeÉরেl hmরে রেকেe e¡
- C¢e nÄ¡p রেJu¡l SeÉ রেC j¡œ b¡jরেe, aMeC hm¡ clL¡l, "H
hÉ¡f¡রে AeÉরেl L£ A¢ija ?
cmNa Bm¡Qe¡u pjpÉ¡L¡l£ pcpÉ

fË¢nrরেl LlZ£u L¡S - cmNa Bর োQe¡l Bরে
EরেnÉ ¢eZÑu
pju ¢edÑ¡lZ LaV¡ pju রেJu¡ clL¡l ?
fËরেোSe£u pju রেJu¡ k¡রে a¡ ?
HC pjরেl jরযে L¡S¢V রেo Ll¡ k¡রে a¡ ?
EরেnÉ f¢lfË¢rরে cm NWe L¡রে রেোe NË¥রে l¡Mর L£ p¤¤¢hd¡ qu ?
L£ L£ pjpÉ¡ qরে f¡রে ?
L£i¡রে a¡l র োL¡¢hm¡ Ll¡ k¡u ?
NË¥রেl Buae ¢edÑ¡lZ
fËÙ¹¥¢a hp¡l hÉhÙÛ¡ (রেোm qরে, র কেকে h¡ রেu¡l)
রেোXÑ, L¡NS, Lmj CaÉ¡¢cl hÉhÙÛ¡
AeÉ¡eÉ pq¡uL hÙ¹¥ রেje A¢XJ-¢ip¤¤Éu¡m, Q¡VÑ, hCfœ CaÉ¡¢cl hÉhÙÛ¡
fË¢nrZ cmNa Bর োQe¡ fÜ¢a p¤¤ù¥i¡রে hÉhq¡রেl SeÉ

fË¢nrরেl LlZ£u L¡S - cmNa Bর োQe¡l pju
 Ni£l fkÑরেrZ
o cm L£i¡h L¡S Llর ?
o cmNa Bm¡Qe¡l ¢hরেo EরেnÉ f§lZ qরে ?
o Bর োQe¡l ¢hfরে Qর k¡রে e¡ a¡ ?
o রেোeJ pjpÉ¡ qরে ?
o qÙ¹রেf Ll¡ clL¡l ?
o রে LaV¡ AwnNËqZ Llর ?
o cmNa fË¢œ²u¡…¢m L£i¡রে ¢Q¢q²a Ll¡ k¡রে ?
o fË¢nrরেl L¡র L£ L£ mrZ£u/¢nrZ£u jরে qরে ?
o pq-fË¢nrরেl pরে A¢i‘a¡ ¢h¢eju J mì ¢nr¡l ¢hরেoZ

fË¢nrরেl LlZ£u L¡S - cmNa Bর োQe¡l pju
 pq¡ua¡
o Ae¤fËরেnj§mL
o A¿¹i¥Ñ¢š²j§mL
o hÉ¡MÉ¡j§mL
o ম েমিেো
o ¢e¢mÑç/Ec¡p£e (EŸnÉ-fËরেো¢ca)

রেLXÑ l¡M¡
 AwnNËqZ/ja-¢h¢eju/pq¡ua¡/রেa«aÆ CaÉ¡¢cl eLn¡ ByL¡
 ¢mরে l¡M¡l jরেো ¢hou ¢mরে l¡M¡
 pju pÇfরেে pরেaea¡
 LMe öl¦ qm ?
 ¢LR¥rZ fl Bর োQe¡l ANËN¢a LaV¡ ? fËরেোSরে a¡N¡c¡/pju h¡¢sরে রেJu¡
LMe রেo qm ?

fË¢nrরেl LlZ£u L¡S - cmNa Bর োQe¡l fl
 fËরেেL cর l রেকে hs cm fË¢aরেce EfÙÛ¡fe¡ (¢m¢Ma/র ৌ¢ML)
 pcpÉcl fËরনোšl/hÉ¡MÉ¡l p¤¤রেোN Lরে রেJu¡
 pcpÉরেl fË¢a¢œ²u¡/¢gXhÉ¡L
 fË¢nrরেl à¡l¡ cmNa Bর োQe¡l EরেnÉl fËp‰ রেকে Bর োQe¡l gm¡gm ¢hরেoZ,
e£¢a ¢edÑ¡lZ J ¢nrZ£u ¢hou pÇfLÑ fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£রেl Ah¢qa Ll¡

 hs cর Bর োQe¡ (Large Group Discussion)
 ¢jb¢œ²েো Bর োQe¡ (Interactive Discussion)
 ¢Q¿¹¡l Ts J HLœ£LlZ (Brainstorming)
 A¿¹xpÇfLÑ J pwরেcen£ma¡ hdÑL fË¢nrZ (T-Group/Sensitivity Trg)
 র োV cm Bর োQe¡ (Small Group Discussion)
 cmNa L¡S (Team Task)
 M¤h র োV cm a¡vr¢ZL ¢pÜ¡¿¹l SeÉ Bর োQe¡ (Buzz Group Session )
 HLC ¢hou ¢hরেo‘ cর l Bর োQe¡ (Syndicate Group)
 ¢hরেo fkÑরেrরেl BJa¡u র োV cর l L¡S J ¢hরেoZ (Fish Bowl)
 B¿¹xcm£u Ae¤n£me (Inter-group Games/Actions)
¢h¢iæ dlel cmNa Bm¡Qe¡

Bm¡Qe¡¢i¢šL hš²«a¡
(Interactive Lecture)

ea¥e abÉ h¡ d¡lZ¡ S¡e¡e¡ h¡ ¢hnÔoZ Ll¡
L¡eJ ¢hou pÇfLÑ ¢hnc Bm¡Qe¡, hÉ¡MÉ¡ Ll¡ h¡ pwrf
EfÙÛ¡fe Ll¡
¢ha¢LÑa L¡eJ ¢houl ¢hnÔoZ Ll¡
L¡eJ ¢houl i¨¢jL¡ Lla
AeÉ L¡eJ fÜ¢a fËu¡Nl BN/fl
L¡eJ ¢hou pðå fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£cl Evp¡q h¡ L±a¨qm S¡N¡e¡
fË¢nrরে hš²«a¡l hÉhq¡l

ea¥e abÉ h¡ d¡lZ¡ ¢cরে, রেোeJ ¢hou hÉ¡MÉ¡ Llরে, ¢hরেoZ Llরে,
i¨¢jL¡ Llরে, p¡ljjÑ EfÙÛ¡fe Llরে ¢hরেo EfরেোN£ pju Lj m¡রে A-
রেL রে¢n pwMÉL fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£রে f¢lরেh¡ রেJu¡ pñh fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£রেl
Evp¡q J রেËlZ¡ ¢cরে, EŸ£¢fa Ll¡l SeÉ pjরেl Ai¡h b¡Lর ,
fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£l pwMÉ¡ রে¢n qর , fË¢nrZ f¢lL¡W¡র ো AfËa¥m qর hš²«a¡l
¢hLÒf b¡রে e¡ fË¢nrরেl fরে fËÙ¹¥¢a, f§hÑ-f¢lLÒfe¡ J nª´Mm¡hÜi¡রে
EfÙÛ¡fe¡l p¤¤রেোN রে¢n।
hš²«a¡l p¤¤¢hd¡

Q¡l¢V ¢hরেQÉ ¢hou
 fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£ L¡l¡ ? (Who)
 hš²«a¡l EরেnÉ L£ ? (Why)
 LaV¡ pju dরে hš²«a¡ ? (How Long)
 hš²«a¡l ¢hou L£ ? (What)
hš²«a¡l L¡W¡র ো
 i¨¢jL¡
 j§m hš²hÉ ¢hou : fËরেোSe Ae¤p¡রে Lu¢V i¡রে i¡N Ll¡
 Efpwq¡l
hš²«a¡l SeÉ f¢lLÒfe¡

hš²«a¡l fËÙ¹¥¢a
 hš²«a¡ Mps¡ Ll¡ : HC¢VC qa f¡l fËcu f¡WÉ hÙ¹¥
 BlJ pwrf q¡a-e¡V, fLV-Q¡VÑ/gÓ¡l-Q¡VÑ °a¢l
 fËcnÑel SeÉ Q¡VÑ, f¡ØV¡l, L¡XÑ, NË¡g, R¢h, X¡u¡NË¡j, gV¡NË¡g CaÉ¡¢c °a¢l
 L¡l¦l p¡je/Bue¡l p¡je jqm¡ cJu¡ hš²«a¡ cJu¡
hš²«a¡l SeÉ f¢lLÒfe¡

 hš²«a¡ fË¡unC Q¡¢fলে লেJu¡ qu, gলে fËbj লেবেC, AfR¾c pরেJ hš²«a¡লে
লমবন ¢eলে h¡dÉ qe
 ja¡ja J A¢i‘a¡ ¢h¢ejলেl p¤¤লোN b¡লে e¡, hš²¡ J fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£লেl jলধে
Eij¤M£ লোN¡লোবেl p¤¤লোN b¡লে e¡
 hš²¡ p¢œ²u b¡লে, fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£লেl লোeJ Ahc¡লনl p¤¤লোN b¡লে e¡
 fË¢nrলেlC cª¢øL¡Z, d¡lZ¡ J ja¡ja EfÙÛ¡¢fa qu, f¡lØf¢lL লোT¡fs¡l p¤¤-
লোN b¡লে e¡
 fËL¡ni¢‰ J EfÙÛ¡fe¡l c¤hÑma¡l L¡lলে AলনL ‘¡e£ hÉ¢š² লরাa¡l jলন c¡N
L¡Vলে f¡লেe e¡
 c¡¢uaÆ‘¡eq£e hš²¡l hš²hÉ abÉ h¡ ‘¡ahÉ ¢hou ¢hL«a qরে f¡রে - k¡l g
qরে f¡রে p¤¤c§lfËp¡l£
hš²«a¡l p£j¡hÜa¡

রেোa¡রেl e£lha¡, মেষ্কৃ েেো J Bsøa¡ L¡V¡রে ¢Lwh¡ a¡রেl fËL¡ni¢‰l Eæ¢a OV¡রে
p¡q¡kÉ Lরে e¡
c£OÑ HLL i¡oরেl L¡lরে HLরেকেেঁম , ¢hl¢š², AeÉjeúa¡ J Ap¢qo·¥a¡ Evf¡ce qরে
f¡রে
fË¢nr¡Z¡bÑ£রেl jরযে hš²«a¡l fËi¡h f¢lj¡রেl রেje p¤রেোN রেC
hš²¡l i¡o¡, nëQue J EfÙÛ¡fe¡l Ù¹l fË¢nrZ¡bÑ£রেl Ù¹রেl EfরেোN£ e¡J qরে f¡রে,
gর hš²«a¡ gmfËp§ qu e¡
hš²¡ J রেোa¡রেl jরযে c¡a¡-NËq£a¡, ¢nrL-¢n¢rরেl c§laÆ °a¢ll p¤¤রেোN Lরে রেu
nËhZ-pq¡uL kরেl রেোmরেোN, fË¢nrZ Lরেl h¡ h¡Cরেl nËhZ-pq¡uL f¢lরেnl Ai¡h
- CaÉ¡¢cl gর hš²«a¡ j¡l রেকে f¡রে
hš²«a¡l p£j¡hÜa¡

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