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Points to ponder about learning english

DR Educa巽達o Crist達
DR Educa巽達o Crist達

The document discusses various strategies and tips for learning English as a foreign language. It emphasizes that English should be learned naturally through interaction and enjoyment, rather than focusing too much on strict grammar rules. Learning the most common words and using context will allow understanding of around 80% of texts. Prefixes and suffixes can greatly expand one's vocabulary. Overall, the best approach is to learn English in a relaxed, engaging manner rather than stressing over quick mastery.

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POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Prof. Dr. Durval A. Ramanholi romagnollo@gmail.com
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH The teaching speech (authoritarian) break into at least three laws of the speech: 1. The law of informativity: the listener must want to know the fact that you point; 2. The law of interest: one can not legitimately speak to others but what he is interested in; and 3. The law of usefulness: no one speaks just for talking, but because there is a utility to do so.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AQUISITION Children are not taught grammar when learning the mother tongue. They learn the language structures naturally experimenting the idiom day by day. So you shouldnt hope to learn English in 2 or 3 years studying just 1 or 2 hours a week. By the way, hypothetically, with your mother tongue, youre connected 24 hours a day.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH The best strategy is learning naturally, following our instincts and interacting with our surroundings. The human being keeps easily pieces of information when they are inserted in the referenced knowledge. The new data have to be linked to our way of thinking about the world and to our previous experience. To get time for that it is easy if it will be pleasing. Take this activity as something very nice to do, and that will bring you great benefits, personally and as a professional.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Choosing the texts is one of the most important step. We do better when we like what were doing. We learn the more recurrent words first, which we read previously in several contexts. And because of that they will appear more often in any text you work with. Everything that we learn actively will be kept alive in our permanent memory along the years.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY BY NUMBERS Cognate words figure out 20 to 25% of all the words coming up in a scientific text/paper. The 250 more common words of the English language are equivalent to 60% of an entire text. If we know the meaning of those 250 words mentioned above plus the cognates we will be acquainted with around 80 to 85% of any scientific paper.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH TATTOO TIME by John Rigg The State of the Art Tattoo Convention
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Tattoos are fashionable. Everybody seems to have one, including top stars like Angelina Jolie, Ben Affleck and Eminem. Well, Derby may not be the most fashionable English city, but tattoo enthusiasts from around the world come each year for the State of the Art Tattoo Convention. This year it takes place at the Assembly Rooms on July 21st and 22nd. The worlds top tattoo artists come to take part in the conventions prestigious competitions, while enthusiasts come to see and display spectacular examples of body art. There are three types of award: for small tattoos, which cover a shoulder or arm; large designs, which cover half the body; and, finally, the body suit, which covers the entire body.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH ASK A STUPID QUESTION! Spectators watch the tattoo artists at work. Their first question is always the same: does it hurt? Well, of course, it does! The least painful areas are the arms and shoulders, followed by the back; avoid joints such as knees and ankles, and just forget about your neck. Ouch! And remember: choose the design carefully, go to a registered tattooist, certainly not the cheapest on offer, and insist on new needles and new ink. Legally, you have to be over 18 years old in Britain.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Enigmas body
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH SHOCKING Why do people get tattoos? The answer varies: some people love the designs, some want to express their inner selves, while others want to shock. Local teenager Janine says: My mother told me, Proper young ladies do not get tattoos. So I went and got one immediately! Finally, there are people like Enigma who make a living from displaying their tattoos as sideshow attractions. Enigmas body (pictured top, left) is completely covered in a blue jigsaw design.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH A Brief History of Tattoos Tattoos first became fashionable in Britain at the end of the 18th century. The famous explorer, Captain Cook, returned from a voyage to the South Pacific with a heavily tattooed Polynesian chief named Omal, whom he presented to King George III. People were fascinated and tattoos became popular with the upper classes in this period. The word tattoo (derived from the Tahitian tatu, meaning to mark something) first appears in Captain Cooks journals. Yet the art of tattooing dates back to Ancient Egypt (3000 BC), a thousand years later we find descriptions in Chinese literature of men completely covered in tattoos. In Europe the Romans used tattoos to mark criminals and slaves, while Britons, Danes and Saxons had tattoos of their family crests. In fact, tattoos were common in Europe until AD 787, when Pope Adrian I banned them.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH READING STRATEGIES 1. Scanning: fast and narrow reading of a text in order to placing specific information, setting the others apart. 2. Previewing and predicting: What can you preview and predict by exploring the pictures and the titles only? 3. Skimming: fast and narrow reading of a text in order to placing the main idea, and the more important ones. Whats the text about? 4. Finding the main idea and supporting details (capital, italics and bolds).
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH READING STRATEGIES 5. Identifying facts and opinions: fact is something already known; opinion is just an idea that both the author and the reader may have about the subject or somebody. 6. Finding the tone: find out the voice the author used to express his opinions and feelings about the theme. 7. Finding the purposes: why the author wrote certain text (to inform, to entertain, to persuade)
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH READING STRATEGIES 8. Focusing on vocabulary in context (making inferences, recurrent words). 9. Focusing on word building (prefixes and suffixes). 10. Numbers, anthroponyms, and toponyms.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH TEXTUAL LINGUISTICS Recurrent Words Semantic Field / Associative Working with texts (real communication, contextualized), the most recurrent words will be first learned. LEXIS Cognates Words from Latin root. The real cognates constitute an absolute majority. It is worth believing in the (possible) meaning of the word.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH THE MORE COMMON WORDS IN ENGLISH 1. THE 11. WITH 21. THEY 31. HIM 41. ME 2. OF 12. AS 22. FROM 32. AN 42. IF 3. AND 13.BY 23. WERE 33. SO 43. TO SAY 4. TO 14. FOR 24. THERE 34. ONE 44. THERE 5. IN 15. TO HAVE 25. THIS 35. SHE 45. WHEN 6. TO BE 16. BUT 26. OR 36. MY 46. WOULD 7. THAT 17. WHICH 27. YOU 37. THEM 47. MORE 8. HIS 18. ON 28. HER 38. WE 48. WILL 9. HE 19. AT 29. WHO 39.BEEN 49. SOME 10. IT 20. NOT 30. ALL 40. NO 50. WHAT
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH BUILDING UP WORDS Productivity: Suffixes and Prefixes
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR VOCABULARY RAPIDILY About he Cardinal Points From the FOUR original ones: North, South, East and West => if you add ERN you got another FOUR: Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western From the FOUR original ones: North, South, East and West => if you combine them together youll get another FOUR, again: Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR VOCABULARY RAPIDILY From the FOUR previous ones: Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest => if you add ERN again, youll get another FOUR: Northeastern, Southeastern, Northwestern, Southwestern. Conclusion: suffixes are very productive from the FOUR original words we made SIXTEEN in less than a minute. They are useful for reading and writing too.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH 1. For all the words in Portuguese ended in -DADE (as the word CI-DADE) remove -DADE and put in its place -TY and thus it has become CITY. 2. For all the words in Portuguese that end in - O" (such as word NA-O) draw out -O" and put in its place -TION" and thus the word NAO is now NATION 3. For adverbs ending in -MENTE" (as the word NATURAL-MENTE), remove -MENTE" and put in its place -LY"
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH 4. For words ending with -NCIA" (as in the case of ESSNCIA), remove -NCIA" and put in its place -ENCE. 5. For words ending with "AL" (as in word GENERAL) dont change anything, write exactly as it is in Portuguese and it will be the same in English.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Some produtive suffixes in English: -less = hopeless, fatherless, childless, homeless -ness = happiness, kindness, illness, carefulness -ful = beautiful, helpful, wonderful, successful, awful -er = player, singer, teacher, worker, Maker, user -ing = following, according to, amazing, charming -ment = development, goverment, intertainment -ous = ambitious, famous, numerous, enormous -ist = tourist, psychologist, scientist, pianist -dom = kingdom, freedom, wisdom,
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Some produtive suffixes in English: -ble = responsible, suitable, probable, portable -ic = fantastic, fanatic, allergic, energetic -en = to fasten, to shorten, to deepen, to harden -ish = childish, greenish, oldish, yellowish -y = healthy, smoky, rocky, muddy, heavy, asleepy -hood = neighborhood, childhood, brotherhood -ee = refugee, employee, -ism = communism, criticism, heroism, socialism -ship = friendship, ownership, headship
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HERE COME THE PREFIXES dis- = disappear, disagree, dissatisfaction mis- = misunderstanding, mispronunciation, misplace un- = unclear, unfortunately, unhappy, unreal, in-/ i- = independent, illegal, impossible, illiterate over- = overweight, overdo, overcome out- = outlook, outnumber, outlaw, outdoor under- = underground, underwear, underline, underdeveloped
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH SOME INTERETING WORDS TO ANALYSE THEIR FORMATION PROCESS TEENAGER = teen+age+er HOPELESSLY = hope+less+ly UNFORTUNATELY = un+fortune+(a)te+ly MISUNDERSTANDING = mis+under+stand+ing UNCONSCIUOSNESS = un+conscience+ous+ness BUSYNESSMAN = busy+ness+man DISAGREEMENT = dis+agree+ment
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH SYNTAX Basic Structural Rules Word Order Genitive case Questions and negatives Plural forms The text points out which rules treat. What is important is that the rules in use are contextualized and applicant.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH GENERAL Tips ≒ You have to believe in what you teach, otherwise you wont convince. ≒ When reading (and also listening to) in a foreign language ignore all unknown words and focus on the known ones. The fluency is more important than the structure. ≒ Only use dictionary if the same unknown word occur three or more times. ≒ Practice your English from texts, things and subjects you have pleasure with. You have to enjoy what you do. ≒ Nobody learns from theory, you have to practice a lot. As we said, No pain, no gain. Communication first; later grammar.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HEAVEN AND HELL (Joke) An engineer dies and reports to the pearly gates of heaven. St. Peter checks his dossier and says: "Ah, you're an engineer; you're in the wrong place. So the engineer reports to the gates of hell and is let in. Pretty soon the engineer becomes dissatisfied with the level of comfort in hell, and starts designing and building improvements. After a while they've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and the engineer is a pretty popular guy.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH One day God calls Satan up on the telephone and says with a sneer: So how's it going down there in hell? Satan replies: Hey, things are going great! We've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and there's no telling what this engineer is going to come up with next. God replies: What?! You've got an engineer? That's a mistake. He should never have gotten down there: send him up here! Satan says: No way! I like having an engineer on the staff, and I'm keeping him. God says: Send him back up here, or I'll sue you!" Satan laughs out loud and answers: Yeah, right! And just where are YOU going to get a lawyer?"
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH EL CONDOR PASA (Song by Paul Simon) I'd rather be a sparrow than a snail. Yes I would. If I could, I surely would. I'd rather be a hammer than a nail. Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH CHORUS Away, I'd rather sail away Like a swan that's here and gone A man gets tied up to the ground He gives the world Its saddest sound, Its saddest sound.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH I'd rather be a forest than a street. Yes I would. If I could, I surely would. I'd rather feel the earth beneath my feet, Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.
POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH BIBLIOGRAPHY ≒ ALLEN, W. S. Living Structure for schools. 7th ed. London - GB: Longman, 1990 ≒ CARDOSO, S. H. B. Discurso e Ensino. 2捉. Ed. Belo Horizonte: Aut棚ntica/FALE- UFMG, 2005. ≒ DIXON, R. J. Graded Exercises in English - a new revised edition, Rio de Janeiro: Ao Livro T辿nico AS, 1989 ≒ GREENALL, S.; SWAN, M. Effective Reading: reading skills for advanced students.Cambridge: University Press, 1986. ≒ KOCH, I. V. A inter-a巽達o pela linguagem. 10捉 Ed. S達o Paulo: Contexto, 2006. ≒ MURPHY, R. Essential Grammar in Use. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 (tenth printing 1997). ≒ ORNBY, A. S. at al The Advanced Learner's dictionary of current English. Lodon: Oxford University Press ≒ THOMPSON, A. J. & MARTINET, A. V. A Practical English Grammar. 4th ed. London GB: Oxford University Press. 1990 (eighth impression)

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Points to ponder about learning english

  • 1. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Prof. Dr. Durval A. Ramanholi romagnollo@gmail.com
  • 2. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH The teaching speech (authoritarian) break into at least three laws of the speech: 1. The law of informativity: the listener must want to know the fact that you point; 2. The law of interest: one can not legitimately speak to others but what he is interested in; and 3. The law of usefulness: no one speaks just for talking, but because there is a utility to do so.
  • 3. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH LANGUAGE AQUISITION Children are not taught grammar when learning the mother tongue. They learn the language structures naturally experimenting the idiom day by day. So you shouldnt hope to learn English in 2 or 3 years studying just 1 or 2 hours a week. By the way, hypothetically, with your mother tongue, youre connected 24 hours a day.
  • 4. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH The best strategy is learning naturally, following our instincts and interacting with our surroundings. The human being keeps easily pieces of information when they are inserted in the referenced knowledge. The new data have to be linked to our way of thinking about the world and to our previous experience. To get time for that it is easy if it will be pleasing. Take this activity as something very nice to do, and that will bring you great benefits, personally and as a professional.
  • 5. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Choosing the texts is one of the most important step. We do better when we like what were doing. We learn the more recurrent words first, which we read previously in several contexts. And because of that they will appear more often in any text you work with. Everything that we learn actively will be kept alive in our permanent memory along the years.
  • 6. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH VOCABULARY BY NUMBERS Cognate words figure out 20 to 25% of all the words coming up in a scientific text/paper. The 250 more common words of the English language are equivalent to 60% of an entire text. If we know the meaning of those 250 words mentioned above plus the cognates we will be acquainted with around 80 to 85% of any scientific paper.
  • 7. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH TATTOO TIME by John Rigg The State of the Art Tattoo Convention
  • 8. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Tattoos are fashionable. Everybody seems to have one, including top stars like Angelina Jolie, Ben Affleck and Eminem. Well, Derby may not be the most fashionable English city, but tattoo enthusiasts from around the world come each year for the State of the Art Tattoo Convention. This year it takes place at the Assembly Rooms on July 21st and 22nd. The worlds top tattoo artists come to take part in the conventions prestigious competitions, while enthusiasts come to see and display spectacular examples of body art. There are three types of award: for small tattoos, which cover a shoulder or arm; large designs, which cover half the body; and, finally, the body suit, which covers the entire body.
  • 9. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH ASK A STUPID QUESTION! Spectators watch the tattoo artists at work. Their first question is always the same: does it hurt? Well, of course, it does! The least painful areas are the arms and shoulders, followed by the back; avoid joints such as knees and ankles, and just forget about your neck. Ouch! And remember: choose the design carefully, go to a registered tattooist, certainly not the cheapest on offer, and insist on new needles and new ink. Legally, you have to be over 18 years old in Britain.
  • 10. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Enigmas body
  • 11. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH SHOCKING Why do people get tattoos? The answer varies: some people love the designs, some want to express their inner selves, while others want to shock. Local teenager Janine says: My mother told me, Proper young ladies do not get tattoos. So I went and got one immediately! Finally, there are people like Enigma who make a living from displaying their tattoos as sideshow attractions. Enigmas body (pictured top, left) is completely covered in a blue jigsaw design.
  • 12. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH A Brief History of Tattoos Tattoos first became fashionable in Britain at the end of the 18th century. The famous explorer, Captain Cook, returned from a voyage to the South Pacific with a heavily tattooed Polynesian chief named Omal, whom he presented to King George III. People were fascinated and tattoos became popular with the upper classes in this period. The word tattoo (derived from the Tahitian tatu, meaning to mark something) first appears in Captain Cooks journals. Yet the art of tattooing dates back to Ancient Egypt (3000 BC), a thousand years later we find descriptions in Chinese literature of men completely covered in tattoos. In Europe the Romans used tattoos to mark criminals and slaves, while Britons, Danes and Saxons had tattoos of their family crests. In fact, tattoos were common in Europe until AD 787, when Pope Adrian I banned them.
  • 13. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH READING STRATEGIES 1. Scanning: fast and narrow reading of a text in order to placing specific information, setting the others apart. 2. Previewing and predicting: What can you preview and predict by exploring the pictures and the titles only? 3. Skimming: fast and narrow reading of a text in order to placing the main idea, and the more important ones. Whats the text about? 4. Finding the main idea and supporting details (capital, italics and bolds).
  • 14. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH READING STRATEGIES 5. Identifying facts and opinions: fact is something already known; opinion is just an idea that both the author and the reader may have about the subject or somebody. 6. Finding the tone: find out the voice the author used to express his opinions and feelings about the theme. 7. Finding the purposes: why the author wrote certain text (to inform, to entertain, to persuade)
  • 15. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH READING STRATEGIES 8. Focusing on vocabulary in context (making inferences, recurrent words). 9. Focusing on word building (prefixes and suffixes). 10. Numbers, anthroponyms, and toponyms.
  • 16. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH TEXTUAL LINGUISTICS Recurrent Words Semantic Field / Associative Working with texts (real communication, contextualized), the most recurrent words will be first learned. LEXIS Cognates Words from Latin root. The real cognates constitute an absolute majority. It is worth believing in the (possible) meaning of the word.
  • 17. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH THE MORE COMMON WORDS IN ENGLISH 1. THE 11. WITH 21. THEY 31. HIM 41. ME 2. OF 12. AS 22. FROM 32. AN 42. IF 3. AND 13.BY 23. WERE 33. SO 43. TO SAY 4. TO 14. FOR 24. THERE 34. ONE 44. THERE 5. IN 15. TO HAVE 25. THIS 35. SHE 45. WHEN 6. TO BE 16. BUT 26. OR 36. MY 46. WOULD 7. THAT 17. WHICH 27. YOU 37. THEM 47. MORE 8. HIS 18. ON 28. HER 38. WE 48. WILL 9. HE 19. AT 29. WHO 39.BEEN 49. SOME 10. IT 20. NOT 30. ALL 40. NO 50. WHAT
  • 18. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH BUILDING UP WORDS Productivity: Suffixes and Prefixes
  • 19. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR VOCABULARY RAPIDILY About he Cardinal Points From the FOUR original ones: North, South, East and West => if you add ERN you got another FOUR: Northern, Southern, Eastern and Western From the FOUR original ones: North, South, East and West => if you combine them together youll get another FOUR, again: Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest
  • 20. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HOW TO MULTIPLY YOUR VOCABULARY RAPIDILY From the FOUR previous ones: Northeast, Southeast, Northwest, Southwest => if you add ERN again, youll get another FOUR: Northeastern, Southeastern, Northwestern, Southwestern. Conclusion: suffixes are very productive from the FOUR original words we made SIXTEEN in less than a minute. They are useful for reading and writing too.
  • 21. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH 1. For all the words in Portuguese ended in -DADE (as the word CI-DADE) remove -DADE and put in its place -TY and thus it has become CITY. 2. For all the words in Portuguese that end in - O" (such as word NA-O) draw out -O" and put in its place -TION" and thus the word NAO is now NATION 3. For adverbs ending in -MENTE" (as the word NATURAL-MENTE), remove -MENTE" and put in its place -LY"
  • 22. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH 4. For words ending with -NCIA" (as in the case of ESSNCIA), remove -NCIA" and put in its place -ENCE. 5. For words ending with "AL" (as in word GENERAL) dont change anything, write exactly as it is in Portuguese and it will be the same in English.
  • 23. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Some produtive suffixes in English: -less = hopeless, fatherless, childless, homeless -ness = happiness, kindness, illness, carefulness -ful = beautiful, helpful, wonderful, successful, awful -er = player, singer, teacher, worker, Maker, user -ing = following, according to, amazing, charming -ment = development, goverment, intertainment -ous = ambitious, famous, numerous, enormous -ist = tourist, psychologist, scientist, pianist -dom = kingdom, freedom, wisdom,
  • 24. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH Some produtive suffixes in English: -ble = responsible, suitable, probable, portable -ic = fantastic, fanatic, allergic, energetic -en = to fasten, to shorten, to deepen, to harden -ish = childish, greenish, oldish, yellowish -y = healthy, smoky, rocky, muddy, heavy, asleepy -hood = neighborhood, childhood, brotherhood -ee = refugee, employee, -ism = communism, criticism, heroism, socialism -ship = friendship, ownership, headship
  • 25. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HERE COME THE PREFIXES dis- = disappear, disagree, dissatisfaction mis- = misunderstanding, mispronunciation, misplace un- = unclear, unfortunately, unhappy, unreal, in-/ i- = independent, illegal, impossible, illiterate over- = overweight, overdo, overcome out- = outlook, outnumber, outlaw, outdoor under- = underground, underwear, underline, underdeveloped
  • 26. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH SOME INTERETING WORDS TO ANALYSE THEIR FORMATION PROCESS TEENAGER = teen+age+er HOPELESSLY = hope+less+ly UNFORTUNATELY = un+fortune+(a)te+ly MISUNDERSTANDING = mis+under+stand+ing UNCONSCIUOSNESS = un+conscience+ous+ness BUSYNESSMAN = busy+ness+man DISAGREEMENT = dis+agree+ment
  • 27. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH SYNTAX Basic Structural Rules Word Order Genitive case Questions and negatives Plural forms The text points out which rules treat. What is important is that the rules in use are contextualized and applicant.
  • 28. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH GENERAL Tips ≒ You have to believe in what you teach, otherwise you wont convince. ≒ When reading (and also listening to) in a foreign language ignore all unknown words and focus on the known ones. The fluency is more important than the structure. ≒ Only use dictionary if the same unknown word occur three or more times. ≒ Practice your English from texts, things and subjects you have pleasure with. You have to enjoy what you do. ≒ Nobody learns from theory, you have to practice a lot. As we said, No pain, no gain. Communication first; later grammar.
  • 29. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH HEAVEN AND HELL (Joke) An engineer dies and reports to the pearly gates of heaven. St. Peter checks his dossier and says: "Ah, you're an engineer; you're in the wrong place. So the engineer reports to the gates of hell and is let in. Pretty soon the engineer becomes dissatisfied with the level of comfort in hell, and starts designing and building improvements. After a while they've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and the engineer is a pretty popular guy.
  • 30. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH One day God calls Satan up on the telephone and says with a sneer: So how's it going down there in hell? Satan replies: Hey, things are going great! We've got air conditioning and flush toilets and escalators, and there's no telling what this engineer is going to come up with next. God replies: What?! You've got an engineer? That's a mistake. He should never have gotten down there: send him up here! Satan says: No way! I like having an engineer on the staff, and I'm keeping him. God says: Send him back up here, or I'll sue you!" Satan laughs out loud and answers: Yeah, right! And just where are YOU going to get a lawyer?"
  • 31. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH EL CONDOR PASA (Song by Paul Simon) I'd rather be a sparrow than a snail. Yes I would. If I could, I surely would. I'd rather be a hammer than a nail. Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.
  • 32. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH CHORUS Away, I'd rather sail away Like a swan that's here and gone A man gets tied up to the ground He gives the world Its saddest sound, Its saddest sound.
  • 33. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH I'd rather be a forest than a street. Yes I would. If I could, I surely would. I'd rather feel the earth beneath my feet, Yes I would. If I only could, I surely would.
  • 34. POINTS TO PONDER ABOUT LEARNING ENGLISH BIBLIOGRAPHY ≒ ALLEN, W. S. Living Structure for schools. 7th ed. London - GB: Longman, 1990 ≒ CARDOSO, S. H. B. Discurso e Ensino. 2捉. Ed. Belo Horizonte: Aut棚ntica/FALE- UFMG, 2005. ≒ DIXON, R. J. Graded Exercises in English - a new revised edition, Rio de Janeiro: Ao Livro T辿nico AS, 1989 ≒ GREENALL, S.; SWAN, M. Effective Reading: reading skills for advanced students.Cambridge: University Press, 1986. ≒ KOCH, I. V. A inter-a巽達o pela linguagem. 10捉 Ed. S達o Paulo: Contexto, 2006. ≒ MURPHY, R. Essential Grammar in Use. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994 (tenth printing 1997). ≒ ORNBY, A. S. at al The Advanced Learner's dictionary of current English. Lodon: Oxford University Press ≒ THOMPSON, A. J. & MARTINET, A. V. A Practical English Grammar. 4th ed. London GB: Oxford University Press. 1990 (eighth impression)