People, their livestock, livelihood and diseases. compllexity of interrelationships
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This document discusses the complex relationships between livestock, people, livelihoods, and diseases. It provides background on GALVmed, an organization that supports animal health solutions for poor livestock keepers. Livestock are crucial for the livelihoods of 1 billion people in Africa and Asia. However, animal diseases pose a major threat. The document outlines key health issues from intensive production systems for dairy cows and poultry. It also discusses the role of zoonotic diseases in impacting poor communities and the increasing issues of lifestyle diseases from diets high in animal products. The conclusion calls for a One Health approach through multidisciplinary collaboration to achieve optimal health for people, animals and the environment.
People, their livestock, livelihood and diseases. compllexity of interrelationships
- 1. Samuel A. Adediran Global Alliance for Livestock Veterinary Medicines (GALVmed) People, their livestock, livelihood and diseases: complexity of interrelationships. East and Southern African Dairy Association (ESADA), Nairobi, 23-25 September 2015
- 2. 際際滷 2 Pathogen flow at Wildlife livestock- human interphase Jones et. al. 2013 Complex demographics, lifestyle, production systems, influence Livestock-Human disease relationships. Outlines GALVmed background Livestock and people Diseases and food safety Stakeholders roles
- 3. GALVmed - Who we are 際際滷 3 Animal health Product development & adoption Partnership organisation A not-for-profit Public-Private Partnership registered charity Sponsored by the UK Department for International Development (DFID) and The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) and with projects funded by BMGF, DFID and EC. Pro-poor focus: working with key partners to make a sustainable difference in access to animal health products for poor livestock keepers
- 4. GALVmed - What we do & How we work 際際滷 4 We support development and encourage adoption of animal health solutions by persons for whom livestock is a LIFELINE. We do this by intervention in all necessary links of the livestock value chain.
- 5. 際際滷 5 60-70% of world rural poor depend on Livestock (FAO, 2010) Livelihood of ~1 Billion in Africa & Asia 60% women Agriculture provides ~30% GDP & Livestock 10 - 40% of it. Milk, meat, and eggs currently provide around 13% global Energy and 28% protein Livestock and Nutrition security Background Livestock can be a strategic intervention in the poverty alleviation. Animal Diseases is a great threat to the livelihood of a billion persons
- 6. Population dynamics & animal protein demand . Expected growth of the world population from 7.2 billion to 9.6 billion by 2050 Compared to consumption levels in 2010, by 2050 demand Beef, dairy products and mutton by 80-100 percent; and Poultry meat is projected to increase by 170 percent: and Pork and eggs need increase by 65-70 percent. Great opportunities for value chain partners
- 7. 際際滷 7 Drivers of improved livestock production Genes: Genetic Improvement, including biotechnology GMOs Environment: Intensification in production systems Improved feeding Veterinary drugs
- 8. 際際滷 8 Productivity gains Mean milk yield/cow increased 3,400 (1962) to ~ 8,000 kg (2010). Egg production/bird increased fourfold 300-350/yr Broiler birds attained slaughter weight of 5-7 kg in a third of the time required to do so thirty years ago.
- 9. 際際滷 9 20-38% lameness incidence rate reported in intensive dairy systems with 10-15% access to pasture. Increasing incidence of mastitis. Reduced fertility Acidosis in grain fed cattle BSE - Mad Cow disease key Health issues from production Source: Espejo et al. 2006) EU, Clarkson et al., 1996). 1 Cook (2003) High Genetic merit Dairy Cows
- 10. 際際滷 10 Anti-social tendencies e.g. pecking, fighting and cannibalism in caged birds. Physiological deformities. High growth rate and fat deposits. key Health issues Poultry
- 11. 際際滷 11 Many animal and human diseases can be exchanged via zoonotic (animal to human) or anthroponotic (human to animal) transmission. Complex inter - relationship and Zoonosis.
- 12. 際際滷 12 Zoonosis Impact on the poor Out of 1,415 pathogens known to infect humans, 61% were zoonotic. Of nearly 335 emerging Infectious Diseases identified in humans since 1940, three-quarters are zoonotic, including HIV, Ebola, SARS, RVF, Blue Tongue, ECF and avian influenza. Physiological pathogens The greatest burden of zoonotic disease falls on the poorest livestock keepers, with 2.3 billion human illness and 2.2 million human deaths/y esp in countries with large pastoral populations (e.g. Ethiopia, Tanzania, Nigeria, India (ILRI).
- 13. 際際滷 13 Intensification & Lifestyle diseases Increasing incidence of obesity and Cardiovascular diseases due to high consumption of high saturated fatty foods of animal origin such as fatty red meat and cheeses. Low doses Antibiotic in feed upsets gut bacteria composition & increase fat deposits. Feeding of aflatoxin contaminated cereals & higher incidence of cancer in high grain consuming SSA countries.
- 14. Role for all stakeholders Integrated collaborative R&D. Producer & consumer awareness Human capital & Infrastructures development Diagnostics labs, Geo- spatial tools, ICT, Traceability,. Veterinary oversight, Regulation by Collective Action Organisations (Veterinary & Farmers/pastoral assoc. effective surveillance, Public & private sector participation Balancing Production with Food safety
- 15. 際際滷 15 Complex relationship between livestock- human & environment. Application of existing knowledge can prevent future loses. Correlation between animal health and human health calls for global One Health approach. Build critical infrastructure today to safeguard the future. Costs of prevention is much lower than treatment. Multidisciplinary Collaboration efforts - working locally, nationally, and globallyto attain optimal health for people, animals and the environment. Conclusions One Health agenda Healthy livestock for healthy people
- 16. 際際滷 16 Thank You