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(A )introduction to anatomy and physiology

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Anatomy examines the physical structure of organisms, focusing on the form of structures, while physiology looks at function by studying how those structures work together. Specifically, anatomy looks at the components of biological systems like organs and tissues at both the macro and microscopic level, while physiology centers on the functions of cells, organs, and tissues within biological systems and how they work together in the body. Both anatomy and physiology are natural sciences, but they offer distinct approaches to studying living organisms.

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INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy The branch of science concernedwiththe bodilystructure of humans,animals,andotherliving organisms,especiallyasrevealedbydissectionandthe separationof parts.or A studyof the structure or internal workingsof something.or Anatomyexaminesanddescribesthe structuresof livingthings.Anatomystudiesthe form, while physiologylooksatthe function - anatomylooksat whatit is,while physiologylooksatwhatit does. What Is Anatomy and Physiology? Do youknowthe difference betweenthe studyof anatomyandthat of physiology?Readontolearn more about these closelyrelatedsciences,bothof whichexamine variousaspectsof livingorganisms' biological systems. SchoolsofferingAnatomy&Physiologydegreescanalsobe foundinthese popular choices. FieldDifferences Anatomyandphysiology,althoughsimilarinsome ways,offertwodistinctapproachestostudyinga livingorganism.Whilestudyinganatomy,youfocusonthe structure of livingorganismsbylookingatthe componentsof anorganism'sbiological systemsaswell asthe structure of the organs and tissuesthat make up theirbiological systems.Onthe otherhand,yourstudiesinphysiologycenteronthe function of cells,organs,andtissues,andhowtheyworktogetherinthe body.These topicscanbe studied simultaneouslyinone course,buteachscience hasspecializationsatdifferentlevels. Anatomy Anatomyisa natural science dealingwiththe structural organizationof all livingthings.Youwill often encounteracourse in grossanatomy as part of a medical school program.Duringsucha course,youare requiredtoattendlecturesaswell asparticipate indissectionlaboratorysessions,whichprovideyou withhands-onexposuretovariousbiological systemsandorgans.Specifictopicsyoumightbe introducedtoinclude the structure of the musculoskeletal,nervous,circulatory,immune,respiratory, digestive,andreproductive systems.Youmightalso lookatanatomyon a microscopiclevel,examining the structure of organsand tissuesviatheircells. Physiology Much like anatomy,physiologyisconcernedwiththe principal organsystems,suchasthe musculoskeletal andnervoussystems.However,when studyingphysiology,youwill be lookingatthe functionsof cellsandorganswithintheirbiological systems,ratherthantheirstructures.Youcould studyphysiologyonabroad level,suchasthe physiologyof mammals,duringwhichyouwouldstudy the mannerin whichorgansfunctioninthe bodyof a mammal as a whole.Youmightalsostudywitha
narrowerfocus,suchas the physiologyof the cardiovascularsystem.Forexample,duringthiscourse, youmighttake a lookat howthe heartperformsitsparticularfunction. What is physiology? The branch of biologythatdealswiththe normal functionsof livingorganismsandtheirparts. Physiologyaimstounderstandthe mechanismsof living - how livingthingswork.Humanphysiology studieshowourcells,musclesandorgansworktogether,how theyinteract. Physiology sometimes referredtoas the "science of life",looksatlivingmechanisms,fromthe molecularbasisof cell function to the whole integratedbehaviorof the entire body. The word "physiology"comesfromthe AncientGreekphysis,whichmeans"nature,origin",andlogia, whichmeans"studyof". Physiologistsare foreverattemptingtofindthe answerstokeyquestionsinsingle cellfunctions,how humanpopulationsinteract,ourenvironmentonearth; inotherwords,an extremelywide range of subjects. Physiologistssaythatphysiologyisafundamental science forunderstandingabout"life",how togo abouttreatingdiseasesandcopingwiththe stressesourbodiesare exposedtoindifferent environments.Pathophysiologyseekstounderstandthe abnormalitiesthatoccur inhumanand animal diseases.Physiologistsworkcloselywithotherscientistsandhealthcare professionalsinseekingout newmethodsfortreatingthose diseases(translational research).Whatisthe difference between physiologyandanatomy? Physiologyandanatomyare verycloselyrelateddisciplines;theyare intrinsicallylinked.Medical studentstendtostudythe two disciplinesintandem. MODES OFANATOMY Clinical anatomyanatomy asappliedtoclinical practice. Comparative anatomydescriptionandcomparisonof the formandstructure of differentanimals. Developmentalanatomythe fieldof embryologyconcernedwiththe changesthatcells,tissues,organs, and the bodyas a whole undergofromagermcell of each parentto the resultingoffspring;itincludes bothprenatal and postnatal development. Gross anatomy(macroscopicanatomy) thatdealingwithstructuresvisible withthe unaidedeye. Or The study of the structuresof the bodythat can be seenwiththe nakedeye.Alsocalledmacroscopic anatomy. Microscopicanatomyhistology.
Morbid anatomy(pathologicanatomy) anatomyof diseasedtissues. Radiologicanatomyx-rayanatomy. Special anatomyanatomydevotedtostudyof particularorgansor parts. Topographicanatomythat devotedtodeterminationof relativepositionsof variousbodyparts. X-rayanatomystudyof organsand tissuesbasedontheirvisualize Surface anatomythe studyof the configurationof the surface of the body,especiallyin relationtoits internal parts. Or The study of the structural relationshipsof the external featuresof the bodytothe internal organsand parts. Compare cross-sectional anatomy. NOTE: o Anatomicstructuresthatcan be identifiedonthe outside of the body. o The study of anatomicstructuresthat can be identifiedonthe outside of the body.

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(A )introduction to anatomy and physiology

  • 1. INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy The branch of science concernedwiththe bodilystructure of humans,animals,andotherliving organisms,especiallyasrevealedbydissectionandthe separationof parts.or A studyof the structure or internal workingsof something.or Anatomyexaminesanddescribesthe structuresof livingthings.Anatomystudiesthe form, while physiologylooksatthe function - anatomylooksat whatit is,while physiologylooksatwhatit does. What Is Anatomy and Physiology? Do youknowthe difference betweenthe studyof anatomyandthat of physiology?Readontolearn more about these closelyrelatedsciences,bothof whichexamine variousaspectsof livingorganisms' biological systems. SchoolsofferingAnatomy&Physiologydegreescanalsobe foundinthese popular choices. FieldDifferences Anatomyandphysiology,althoughsimilarinsome ways,offertwodistinctapproachestostudyinga livingorganism.Whilestudyinganatomy,youfocusonthe structure of livingorganismsbylookingatthe componentsof anorganism'sbiological systemsaswell asthe structure of the organs and tissuesthat make up theirbiological systems.Onthe otherhand,yourstudiesinphysiologycenteronthe function of cells,organs,andtissues,andhowtheyworktogetherinthe body.These topicscanbe studied simultaneouslyinone course,buteachscience hasspecializationsatdifferentlevels. Anatomy Anatomyisa natural science dealingwiththe structural organizationof all livingthings.Youwill often encounteracourse in grossanatomy as part of a medical school program.Duringsucha course,youare requiredtoattendlecturesaswell asparticipate indissectionlaboratorysessions,whichprovideyou withhands-onexposuretovariousbiological systemsandorgans.Specifictopicsyoumightbe introducedtoinclude the structure of the musculoskeletal,nervous,circulatory,immune,respiratory, digestive,andreproductive systems.Youmightalso lookatanatomyon a microscopiclevel,examining the structure of organsand tissuesviatheircells. Physiology Much like anatomy,physiologyisconcernedwiththe principal organsystems,suchasthe musculoskeletal andnervoussystems.However,when studyingphysiology,youwill be lookingatthe functionsof cellsandorganswithintheirbiological systems,ratherthantheirstructures.Youcould studyphysiologyonabroad level,suchasthe physiologyof mammals,duringwhichyouwouldstudy the mannerin whichorgansfunctioninthe bodyof a mammal as a whole.Youmightalsostudywitha
  • 2. narrowerfocus,suchas the physiologyof the cardiovascularsystem.Forexample,duringthiscourse, youmighttake a lookat howthe heartperformsitsparticularfunction. What is physiology? The branch of biologythatdealswiththe normal functionsof livingorganismsandtheirparts. Physiologyaimstounderstandthe mechanismsof living - how livingthingswork.Humanphysiology studieshowourcells,musclesandorgansworktogether,how theyinteract. Physiology sometimes referredtoas the "science of life",looksatlivingmechanisms,fromthe molecularbasisof cell function to the whole integratedbehaviorof the entire body. The word "physiology"comesfromthe AncientGreekphysis,whichmeans"nature,origin",andlogia, whichmeans"studyof". Physiologistsare foreverattemptingtofindthe answerstokeyquestionsinsingle cellfunctions,how humanpopulationsinteract,ourenvironmentonearth; inotherwords,an extremelywide range of subjects. Physiologistssaythatphysiologyisafundamental science forunderstandingabout"life",how togo abouttreatingdiseasesandcopingwiththe stressesourbodiesare exposedtoindifferent environments.Pathophysiologyseekstounderstandthe abnormalitiesthatoccur inhumanand animal diseases.Physiologistsworkcloselywithotherscientistsandhealthcare professionalsinseekingout newmethodsfortreatingthose diseases(translational research).Whatisthe difference between physiologyandanatomy? Physiologyandanatomyare verycloselyrelateddisciplines;theyare intrinsicallylinked.Medical studentstendtostudythe two disciplinesintandem. MODES OFANATOMY Clinical anatomyanatomy asappliedtoclinical practice. Comparative anatomydescriptionandcomparisonof the formandstructure of differentanimals. Developmentalanatomythe fieldof embryologyconcernedwiththe changesthatcells,tissues,organs, and the bodyas a whole undergofromagermcell of each parentto the resultingoffspring;itincludes bothprenatal and postnatal development. Gross anatomy(macroscopicanatomy) thatdealingwithstructuresvisible withthe unaidedeye. Or The study of the structuresof the bodythat can be seenwiththe nakedeye.Alsocalledmacroscopic anatomy. Microscopicanatomyhistology.
  • 3. Morbid anatomy(pathologicanatomy) anatomyof diseasedtissues. Radiologicanatomyx-rayanatomy. Special anatomyanatomydevotedtostudyof particularorgansor parts. Topographicanatomythat devotedtodeterminationof relativepositionsof variousbodyparts. X-rayanatomystudyof organsand tissuesbasedontheirvisualize Surface anatomythe studyof the configurationof the surface of the body,especiallyin relationtoits internal parts. Or The study of the structural relationshipsof the external featuresof the bodytothe internal organsand parts. Compare cross-sectional anatomy. NOTE: o Anatomicstructuresthatcan be identifiedonthe outside of the body. o The study of anatomicstructuresthat can be identifiedonthe outside of the body.