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root canal dressing materials root canal medicament manual irrigation sonic irrigation ultrasonic irrigation pressure vacuum irrigation paper point wicking removal of gutta purcha points diagnosis of root canal treatment faiure working length dtermination working length k-files h-files rotary instruments root canal instrumentation modified double flare approach the balanced force motion the watch winding motion reaming motion filing motion advantages and disadvantages of different dressing periapical surgery biopsy trephination incision and drainage endodontic surgical procedures flap types flap designing sodium hypochloride irrigation carrier technique thermoplasticized injection technique system b lateral compaction warm vertical compaction resilon raekoseal gutta purcha obturating materials root canal traetment root canal treatment management of perforated canals management of ledged canals removal of endo posts active irrigation