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Playwright
Michael Frayn is an English playwright known for
his works in comedy and satire.
Frayn was born on September 8, 1933, and
graduated from Emmanuel College, Cambridge,
in 1957.
His notable works include Alphabetical Order,
Donkeys Years, Benefactors, Copenhagen, and
Democracy.
In 1982, he wrote the play Noises Off, which is
considered one of his most successful plays.
Frayn has been honored with numerous awards,
including the Tony Award for Best Play for
Copenhagen in 2000
Playwright
 Noises Off is a play about a theatre troupe
performing a play called Nothing On.
 The play is a farce, and Noises Off is a play within a
play.
 The first act of Noises Off shows the final rehearsal
of Nothing On before its opening night.
 The second act takes place backstage during a
performance of Nothing On .
 The third act shows a performance of Nothing On"
towards the end of the play's run.
 Noises Off is known for its complex structure,
requiring precise timing and coordination from the
actors.
Playwright
 Noises Off was a critical and commercial
success when it first premiered in 1982.
 The play has since been revived
numerous times on both sides of the
Atlantic.
 It is considered one of the greatest
farces in the English language.
 The play has been praised for its
ingenious structure and hilarious script.
 Noises Off has also been adapted into a
film.
Playwright
Noises Off
Noises Off contains a unique structure known
as a "play within a play." The play follows the
production of a fictional play called Nothing
On, and the audience gets to see both the
behind-the-scenes chaos of the actors'
personal lives and the on-stage hilarity of the
fictional play they are performing.
Noises Off
The structure of "Noises Off" is unique in that it
is a play-within-a-play. The first act shows the
final dress rehearsal of "Nothing On," with the
actors struggling to remember their lines and
cues. The second act takes place backstage
during a performance of "Nothing On," where
the audience can see the chaos and hijinks that
occur behind the scenes. The third act returns
to the stage, but this time near the end of the
play's run, where the actors are exhausted and
their personal relationships have deteriorated,
leading to even more mishaps and hilarity.
Noises Off
 The play's structure allows for multiple
layers of comedy and physical humor, as
well as an exploration of the nature of
theater itself. The precision required for
the actors to execute the play's intricate
physical gags and comedic timing makes
Noises Off a challenging and rewarding
play for both performers and audiences.
Noises Off
 This structure allows the audience to
see the same scenes from Nothing On
multiple times, each time with a
different perspective and level of chaos.
It also allows for the actors to have
multiple layers of characterization, as
they are playing both their characters in
Nothing On and the actors themselves
as they struggle to perform the play.
Overall, the unique structure of Noises
Off adds to its humor and creates a
memorable and entertaining theatrical
experience.
Noises Off
 Unique Set Design: The set
design for "Noises Off" is unique
in that it includes a rotating set
that can be flipped around to
show the backstage and front-of-
house areas. This innovative
design allows the audience to
see the play from multiple
perspectives and adds to the
meta-theatricality of the
production.
Inspiration
 Frayn has admitted that his own
frustrations as a playwright also played
a role in inspiring Noises Off. He found it
difficult to see his work come to life on
stage exactly as he had envisioned it,
and he wanted to create a play that
would highlight the challenges and
absurdities of the rehearsal process.
Inspiration
 Noises Off draws from a variety of
historical theatrical traditions to create
its unique blend of physical humor,
witty dialogue, and convoluted
plotlines. From commedia dell'arte to
slapstick, the play incorporates
elements from different time periods
and cultures to create a comedic
masterpiece that has entertained
audiences for decades.
Inspiration
 Another inspiration for Noises Off came
from Michael Frayn's own experience as
a playwright. In an interview, Frayn
explained that he was watching a dress
rehearsal of the Two of Us . one of his
own plays from the backstage when he
began to notice the chaos and hilarity
happening behind the scenes.
 Frayn found the backstage drama to be
more interesting than the play itself,
and he realized that the comedic
potential of a play about a theatre
company's behind-the-scenes antics
was too good to pass up.
Inspiration
 The play's structure was also inspired by farces:
Frayn was a fan of classic farces, and he wanted
to create a play that would have the same
frenetic energy and intricacy as those plays.
 To that end, he designed Noises Off to be a
three-act play with a structure that would
allow for increasingly chaotic and hilarious
scenes. The result is a play that is beloved for
its intricate physical comedy and ingenious
structure.
Inspiration
 Another inspiration was a one-act play that served as a
prototype for Noises Off, Exits likely had a significant
influence on the development of the later play. It is
possible that Frayn used some of the same themes and
comedic techniques in both plays.
 Based on what is know about Frayn's creative process,
it's likely that he used Exits as a testing ground for some
of the ideas that he later expanded on in Noises Off.
 The one-act format would have allowed him to
experiment with different characters, situations, and
types of humor in a more condensed format, giving him
the opportunity to refine and perfect his ideas before
expanding them into a full-length play.
 Overall, while Exits may not be as well-known as Noises
Off it likely played an important role in Frayn's creative
process and helped to shape the final version of the play
that has become a beloved classic of modern theater.
Meaning Of Farce
The history of farce can be traced back to ancient
Greek and Roman theater, which often included
comedic elements such as physical humour, satire,
and mistaken identity. However, the genre really began
to take shape during the Middle Ages, when it became
a popular form of entertainment in Europe.
Farce as a distinct genre did not exist in ancient Greek
theatre, which is known for its tragedies and
comedies. While ancient Greek comedy may not fit
neatly into the modern definition of farce, it is clear that
the genre has its roots in the broader tradition of
comedic storytelling that stretches back to the earliest
days of theatre.
Meaning Of Farce
Satyr plays may have had some influence on the
development of farce. Satyr plays were a type of
comedic play that were performed alongside
tragedies as part of the City Dionysia festival in
ancient Athens. They often featured a chorus of
satyrs, mythical half-human, half-goat creatures,
and included bawdy humor, sexual innuendo,
and physical comedy.
While farce has its roots in medieval and
Renaissance theater, it is possible that the
tradition of satyr plays influenced later comedic
forms. Both satyr plays and farces often use
physical comedy and exaggerated situations to
create humor, and both may deploy elements of
social commentary or critique. Additionally,
farces often feature stock characters and
archetypes, which are similar to the types of
characters found in satyr plays.
Meaning Of Farce
 fabula Atellana, (Latin: Atellan play), is an ancient
form of performance that originated in Atella, an
Oscan-speaking town in southern Italy. It was a
popular form of entertainment in ancient Rome, and
was performed during festivals and other public
events.
 Atellan Farce was characterized by its use of stock
characters, such as the old man, the young lover, and
the braggart soldier. These characters were often
exaggerated and stereotyped, and the plays
themselves were filled with physical humor, slapstick,
and bawdy jokes.
 The plots of Atellan Farces typically involved some
sort of comedic misunderstanding, with characters
getting into all sorts of ridiculous situations as a
result. The plays were often improvised, with the
actors relying on a basic framework of plot and
character types to guide their performances.
 While Atellan Farce was a popular form of
entertainment in ancient Rome, very little of it has
survived to the present day. However, its influence
can be seen in later forms of farce, such as the
commedia dell'arte of Renaissance Italy and the
modern farces of Europe and North America.
Meaning Of Farce
Roman theatre also had elements of farce, particularly in the use
of mistaken identity as a comedic device. This can be seen in the
works of the Roman playwright Plautus, who wrote many popular
comedies during the 2nd century BC.
Plautus' plays often featured characters who assume false
identities, leading to comedic confusion and misunderstandings.
For example, in the play "The Brothers Menaechmi," a pair of
identical twins who have been separated since birth are reunited
by chance, leading to a series of mistaken identities and comic
situations.
Overall, the use of mistaken identity as a comedic device was a
common element in Roman theatre, and can be seen as an early
precursor to the farce genre that would emerge in later periods.
Meaning Of Farce
Commedia dell'arte, a form of improvised comedic theater that
originated in Italy in the 16th century, has had a significant influence
on modern-day farce. Commedia dell'arte is characterized by its use
of stock characters, and its reliance on physical comedy, witty
dialogue, and improvisation.
One of the main ways in which commedia dell'arte has influenced
modern-day farce is through its use of stock characters..
Another way in which commedia dell'arte has influenced modern-day
farce is through its use of physical comedy. Commedia dell'arte actors
were known for their acrobatic skills, and their performances often
featured slapstick humor, falls, and other physical gags. This type of
physical comedy is still a staple of modern-day farce, and can be
seen in everything from sitcoms to movies.
Meaning Of Farce
Farce is a form of comedy that emerged in
theatre during the Middle Ages and has
evolved throughout history. The term "farce"
comes from the French word "farce" which
means "stuffing" or "filling." Originally,
farces were short comic interludes that were
performed between the acts of more serious
plays.
During the Renaissance, farces began to
develop into their own distinct genre. They
often featured exaggerated characters,
slapstick humor, and physical comedy. The
plots of these farces usually involved
mistaken identities, marital infidelity, and
other forms of comedic misunderstanding.
Meaning Of Farce
 In the 19th and early 20th centuries,
farces continued to evolve, incorporating
elements of vaudeville and burlesque.
Plays such as "Charley's Aunt" and "A Flea
in Her Ear" became popular on both sides
of the Atlantic. Farces also found their way
into film, with silent comedians such as
Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton
creating slapstick masterpieces.
 Today, farce remains a popular form of
comedy in theatre and film. It continues to
develop and adapt to new cultural and
social contexts, but its roots in physical
humor and overblown exaggerated
characters remain a constant.

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  • 2. Playwright Michael Frayn is an English playwright known for his works in comedy and satire. Frayn was born on September 8, 1933, and graduated from Emmanuel College, Cambridge, in 1957. His notable works include Alphabetical Order, Donkeys Years, Benefactors, Copenhagen, and Democracy. In 1982, he wrote the play Noises Off, which is considered one of his most successful plays. Frayn has been honored with numerous awards, including the Tony Award for Best Play for Copenhagen in 2000
  • 3. Playwright Noises Off is a play about a theatre troupe performing a play called Nothing On. The play is a farce, and Noises Off is a play within a play. The first act of Noises Off shows the final rehearsal of Nothing On before its opening night. The second act takes place backstage during a performance of Nothing On . The third act shows a performance of Nothing On" towards the end of the play's run. Noises Off is known for its complex structure, requiring precise timing and coordination from the actors.
  • 4. Playwright Noises Off was a critical and commercial success when it first premiered in 1982. The play has since been revived numerous times on both sides of the Atlantic. It is considered one of the greatest farces in the English language. The play has been praised for its ingenious structure and hilarious script. Noises Off has also been adapted into a film.
  • 6. Noises Off Noises Off contains a unique structure known as a "play within a play." The play follows the production of a fictional play called Nothing On, and the audience gets to see both the behind-the-scenes chaos of the actors' personal lives and the on-stage hilarity of the fictional play they are performing.
  • 7. Noises Off The structure of "Noises Off" is unique in that it is a play-within-a-play. The first act shows the final dress rehearsal of "Nothing On," with the actors struggling to remember their lines and cues. The second act takes place backstage during a performance of "Nothing On," where the audience can see the chaos and hijinks that occur behind the scenes. The third act returns to the stage, but this time near the end of the play's run, where the actors are exhausted and their personal relationships have deteriorated, leading to even more mishaps and hilarity.
  • 8. Noises Off The play's structure allows for multiple layers of comedy and physical humor, as well as an exploration of the nature of theater itself. The precision required for the actors to execute the play's intricate physical gags and comedic timing makes Noises Off a challenging and rewarding play for both performers and audiences.
  • 9. Noises Off This structure allows the audience to see the same scenes from Nothing On multiple times, each time with a different perspective and level of chaos. It also allows for the actors to have multiple layers of characterization, as they are playing both their characters in Nothing On and the actors themselves as they struggle to perform the play. Overall, the unique structure of Noises Off adds to its humor and creates a memorable and entertaining theatrical experience.
  • 10. Noises Off Unique Set Design: The set design for "Noises Off" is unique in that it includes a rotating set that can be flipped around to show the backstage and front-of- house areas. This innovative design allows the audience to see the play from multiple perspectives and adds to the meta-theatricality of the production.
  • 11. Inspiration Frayn has admitted that his own frustrations as a playwright also played a role in inspiring Noises Off. He found it difficult to see his work come to life on stage exactly as he had envisioned it, and he wanted to create a play that would highlight the challenges and absurdities of the rehearsal process.
  • 12. Inspiration Noises Off draws from a variety of historical theatrical traditions to create its unique blend of physical humor, witty dialogue, and convoluted plotlines. From commedia dell'arte to slapstick, the play incorporates elements from different time periods and cultures to create a comedic masterpiece that has entertained audiences for decades.
  • 13. Inspiration Another inspiration for Noises Off came from Michael Frayn's own experience as a playwright. In an interview, Frayn explained that he was watching a dress rehearsal of the Two of Us . one of his own plays from the backstage when he began to notice the chaos and hilarity happening behind the scenes. Frayn found the backstage drama to be more interesting than the play itself, and he realized that the comedic potential of a play about a theatre company's behind-the-scenes antics was too good to pass up.
  • 14. Inspiration The play's structure was also inspired by farces: Frayn was a fan of classic farces, and he wanted to create a play that would have the same frenetic energy and intricacy as those plays. To that end, he designed Noises Off to be a three-act play with a structure that would allow for increasingly chaotic and hilarious scenes. The result is a play that is beloved for its intricate physical comedy and ingenious structure.
  • 15. Inspiration Another inspiration was a one-act play that served as a prototype for Noises Off, Exits likely had a significant influence on the development of the later play. It is possible that Frayn used some of the same themes and comedic techniques in both plays. Based on what is know about Frayn's creative process, it's likely that he used Exits as a testing ground for some of the ideas that he later expanded on in Noises Off. The one-act format would have allowed him to experiment with different characters, situations, and types of humor in a more condensed format, giving him the opportunity to refine and perfect his ideas before expanding them into a full-length play. Overall, while Exits may not be as well-known as Noises Off it likely played an important role in Frayn's creative process and helped to shape the final version of the play that has become a beloved classic of modern theater.
  • 16. Meaning Of Farce The history of farce can be traced back to ancient Greek and Roman theater, which often included comedic elements such as physical humour, satire, and mistaken identity. However, the genre really began to take shape during the Middle Ages, when it became a popular form of entertainment in Europe. Farce as a distinct genre did not exist in ancient Greek theatre, which is known for its tragedies and comedies. While ancient Greek comedy may not fit neatly into the modern definition of farce, it is clear that the genre has its roots in the broader tradition of comedic storytelling that stretches back to the earliest days of theatre.
  • 17. Meaning Of Farce Satyr plays may have had some influence on the development of farce. Satyr plays were a type of comedic play that were performed alongside tragedies as part of the City Dionysia festival in ancient Athens. They often featured a chorus of satyrs, mythical half-human, half-goat creatures, and included bawdy humor, sexual innuendo, and physical comedy. While farce has its roots in medieval and Renaissance theater, it is possible that the tradition of satyr plays influenced later comedic forms. Both satyr plays and farces often use physical comedy and exaggerated situations to create humor, and both may deploy elements of social commentary or critique. Additionally, farces often feature stock characters and archetypes, which are similar to the types of characters found in satyr plays.
  • 18. Meaning Of Farce fabula Atellana, (Latin: Atellan play), is an ancient form of performance that originated in Atella, an Oscan-speaking town in southern Italy. It was a popular form of entertainment in ancient Rome, and was performed during festivals and other public events. Atellan Farce was characterized by its use of stock characters, such as the old man, the young lover, and the braggart soldier. These characters were often exaggerated and stereotyped, and the plays themselves were filled with physical humor, slapstick, and bawdy jokes. The plots of Atellan Farces typically involved some sort of comedic misunderstanding, with characters getting into all sorts of ridiculous situations as a result. The plays were often improvised, with the actors relying on a basic framework of plot and character types to guide their performances. While Atellan Farce was a popular form of entertainment in ancient Rome, very little of it has survived to the present day. However, its influence can be seen in later forms of farce, such as the commedia dell'arte of Renaissance Italy and the modern farces of Europe and North America.
  • 19. Meaning Of Farce Roman theatre also had elements of farce, particularly in the use of mistaken identity as a comedic device. This can be seen in the works of the Roman playwright Plautus, who wrote many popular comedies during the 2nd century BC. Plautus' plays often featured characters who assume false identities, leading to comedic confusion and misunderstandings. For example, in the play "The Brothers Menaechmi," a pair of identical twins who have been separated since birth are reunited by chance, leading to a series of mistaken identities and comic situations. Overall, the use of mistaken identity as a comedic device was a common element in Roman theatre, and can be seen as an early precursor to the farce genre that would emerge in later periods.
  • 20. Meaning Of Farce Commedia dell'arte, a form of improvised comedic theater that originated in Italy in the 16th century, has had a significant influence on modern-day farce. Commedia dell'arte is characterized by its use of stock characters, and its reliance on physical comedy, witty dialogue, and improvisation. One of the main ways in which commedia dell'arte has influenced modern-day farce is through its use of stock characters.. Another way in which commedia dell'arte has influenced modern-day farce is through its use of physical comedy. Commedia dell'arte actors were known for their acrobatic skills, and their performances often featured slapstick humor, falls, and other physical gags. This type of physical comedy is still a staple of modern-day farce, and can be seen in everything from sitcoms to movies.
  • 21. Meaning Of Farce Farce is a form of comedy that emerged in theatre during the Middle Ages and has evolved throughout history. The term "farce" comes from the French word "farce" which means "stuffing" or "filling." Originally, farces were short comic interludes that were performed between the acts of more serious plays. During the Renaissance, farces began to develop into their own distinct genre. They often featured exaggerated characters, slapstick humor, and physical comedy. The plots of these farces usually involved mistaken identities, marital infidelity, and other forms of comedic misunderstanding.
  • 22. Meaning Of Farce In the 19th and early 20th centuries, farces continued to evolve, incorporating elements of vaudeville and burlesque. Plays such as "Charley's Aunt" and "A Flea in Her Ear" became popular on both sides of the Atlantic. Farces also found their way into film, with silent comedians such as Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton creating slapstick masterpieces. Today, farce remains a popular form of comedy in theatre and film. It continues to develop and adapt to new cultural and social contexts, but its roots in physical humor and overblown exaggerated characters remain a constant.