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Low understanding of "beginning" and "end" of parking prohibition, and solutions

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Stefan Egger
Stefan Egger

The vertical upward and downward pointing arrows on additional panels used with parking prohibition signs to indicate the beginning or end of a parking prohibition are found not to be understood (study). Solutions are offered which reduce implementation cost of signs, reduce visual clutter on roads and improve understanding.

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Ambiguous information on beginning and end in parking prohibitions and solution proposals Stefan Egger, IIIDre
2 of 14 Countries using upward or downward arrows to indicate onward and backward face the ambiguity of this message. According to the general use of an upward arrow to signify forward H4c shall be used to announce that the area of restriction is in front of a viewer, beginning behind the sign. Yet, in VC, against its own principles, H4a (downward) should be used to start a parking prohibition (sec C, 9., iv) and vice versa. Part 1, upward arrow: basic principle of the Convention
3 of 14 Upward arrow to mean forward or ahead is easily comprehended, as it reflects the predominant use of this arrow in the VC (diagrammatic use). Arrows to show deviations from the forward motion require a vertical stem that at the bottom (beginning) indicates the forward direction by referencing the upward arrow. Upward arrow: basic principle
Signs & symbols also reflect the upward is forward paradigm, even if no such arrowhead is present. Only at the very moment where immediate change from forward motion is required, an arrow not obeying this rule is used - but NEVER for opposite (or backward) direction or movement. Upward arrow: basic principle 4 of 14
5 of 14 The VC never (exception: H4a) uses downward arrows to signify a direction or motion against movement/direction without another upward is forward arrow to explain backward or oncoming by relation. Accordingly, a single downward arrow is not a well known concept, creating confusion. Upward arrow: basic principle VC, H4a beginning
6 of 14 This ambiguity effects correct understanding. For improvement, logic of the VC can be employed using the concept of the termination (not alteration) of a direction/movement, resulting in a new symbol TS2900. Improving understanding end TS2900
7 of 14 In TS2900, the movement/direction is forward, and terminates in the horizontal block as in other road signs. Improving understanding of end end TS2900
8 of 14 Q1: Does this indicate the beginning or end of a no parking area? (100 responses each). Surveys on understanding of No-Parking Area New 67 of 100: End (19 Countries) VC 71 of 100: Beginning (30 Countries) VC 84 of 100: Beginning (35 Countries)
9 of 14 A vertical arrow, pointing up or downward is interpreted as beginning, but upward to a 13% higher rate. Understanding of No-Parking Area: Conclusions End: 67 of 100 71 of 100 84 of 100 Beginning Only TS2900 was understood sufficiently as end (38% resp. 51% higher)
10 of 14 Q1: Does the image show the beginning or the end of a no parking area? Q2: Do you own a driving license? Q3: How many years of driving experience do you have? Q4: How long do you drive per day on average? Q5: In what country do you live? Q6: What is your age? Q7: your gender? Study report available here (Download) Surveys on understanding of No-Parking Area
11 of 14 Since the C-section provides means to end a prohibition or restriction by converting to grey and using the end-of band, which is coherently used in the E-section too, this pre-existing logic can be transferred to the end of a no parking area. Part 2: Enough of arrows An alternative ending C end E
12 of 14 Signs set perpendicular to a roads direction could signal the beginning of a no parking area, while a no parking sign altered to the principles of end-of would terminate it. This would decrease the amount of additional plates in very cluttered urban areas, and make upward and downward arrows obsolete. Also applicable to end of standing and parking prohibited An alternative ending end start
1) Switch application of H4a to common Convention use: arrow up = beginning, omit downward arrow 2) Adopt TS2900 for end to avoid ambiguous downward arrow 1) Introduce end of parking prohibition according to regular Convention use (grey C18 & grey C19) Conclusions H4a 13 of 14
Thank you! Stefan Egger, IIIDre s.egger@iiidre.net stkegger.wordpress.com IIIDre www.iiidre.net 2017-08-11

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Low understanding of "beginning" and "end" of parking prohibition, and solutions

  • 1. Ambiguous information on beginning and end in parking prohibitions and solution proposals Stefan Egger, IIIDre
  • 2. 2 of 14 Countries using upward or downward arrows to indicate onward and backward face the ambiguity of this message. According to the general use of an upward arrow to signify forward H4c shall be used to announce that the area of restriction is in front of a viewer, beginning behind the sign. Yet, in VC, against its own principles, H4a (downward) should be used to start a parking prohibition (sec C, 9., iv) and vice versa. Part 1, upward arrow: basic principle of the Convention
  • 3. 3 of 14 Upward arrow to mean forward or ahead is easily comprehended, as it reflects the predominant use of this arrow in the VC (diagrammatic use). Arrows to show deviations from the forward motion require a vertical stem that at the bottom (beginning) indicates the forward direction by referencing the upward arrow. Upward arrow: basic principle
  • 4. Signs & symbols also reflect the upward is forward paradigm, even if no such arrowhead is present. Only at the very moment where immediate change from forward motion is required, an arrow not obeying this rule is used - but NEVER for opposite (or backward) direction or movement. Upward arrow: basic principle 4 of 14
  • 5. 5 of 14 The VC never (exception: H4a) uses downward arrows to signify a direction or motion against movement/direction without another upward is forward arrow to explain backward or oncoming by relation. Accordingly, a single downward arrow is not a well known concept, creating confusion. Upward arrow: basic principle VC, H4a beginning
  • 6. 6 of 14 This ambiguity effects correct understanding. For improvement, logic of the VC can be employed using the concept of the termination (not alteration) of a direction/movement, resulting in a new symbol TS2900. Improving understanding end TS2900
  • 7. 7 of 14 In TS2900, the movement/direction is forward, and terminates in the horizontal block as in other road signs. Improving understanding of end end TS2900
  • 8. 8 of 14 Q1: Does this indicate the beginning or end of a no parking area? (100 responses each). Surveys on understanding of No-Parking Area New 67 of 100: End (19 Countries) VC 71 of 100: Beginning (30 Countries) VC 84 of 100: Beginning (35 Countries)
  • 9. 9 of 14 A vertical arrow, pointing up or downward is interpreted as beginning, but upward to a 13% higher rate. Understanding of No-Parking Area: Conclusions End: 67 of 100 71 of 100 84 of 100 Beginning Only TS2900 was understood sufficiently as end (38% resp. 51% higher)
  • 10. 10 of 14 Q1: Does the image show the beginning or the end of a no parking area? Q2: Do you own a driving license? Q3: How many years of driving experience do you have? Q4: How long do you drive per day on average? Q5: In what country do you live? Q6: What is your age? Q7: your gender? Study report available here (Download) Surveys on understanding of No-Parking Area
  • 11. 11 of 14 Since the C-section provides means to end a prohibition or restriction by converting to grey and using the end-of band, which is coherently used in the E-section too, this pre-existing logic can be transferred to the end of a no parking area. Part 2: Enough of arrows An alternative ending C end E
  • 12. 12 of 14 Signs set perpendicular to a roads direction could signal the beginning of a no parking area, while a no parking sign altered to the principles of end-of would terminate it. This would decrease the amount of additional plates in very cluttered urban areas, and make upward and downward arrows obsolete. Also applicable to end of standing and parking prohibited An alternative ending end start
  • 13. 1) Switch application of H4a to common Convention use: arrow up = beginning, omit downward arrow 2) Adopt TS2900 for end to avoid ambiguous downward arrow 1) Introduce end of parking prohibition according to regular Convention use (grey C18 & grey C19) Conclusions H4a 13 of 14
  • 14. Thank you! Stefan Egger, IIIDre s.egger@iiidre.net stkegger.wordpress.com IIIDre www.iiidre.net 2017-08-11