Reported speech
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This document discusses reported speech, which is used to retell what someone else said when the context or circumstances have changed. It provides examples of how tenses, pronouns, places, times, and other aspects are changed when moving from direct to reported speech. Common reporting verbs like say, tell, and ask are highlighted, as well as less common verbs like remind, offer, advise, and others. Changes that can occur in reported speech are outlined.
Reported speech
- 1. Reported speech Talking about what others said
- 2. Reported speech We usually talk using direct speech. I'm tired or We have studied English for years are examples of direct speech. They could appear in a dialogue. However, if someone wants to repeat what these people said, then he/she will normally use reported speech. She said that she was tired or They said that they had studied English for years.
- 3. Reported speech When using reported speech, we must take into account that the circumstances of the conversation have changed. In the picture below, the girl is listening to the three men. Then, she'll probably tell what she heard.
- 4. Reported speech Direct speech Reported Speech Mike: have you seen the Mike asked his friends if new girl in the office? they had seen the new girl in the office. Lukas Lukas: Oh, yes, she's answered he had seen her gorgeous! and that she was gorgeous. Ian, however, said that he Ian: I haven't seen her yet, hadn't seen her yet but but I heard she's beautiful someone had told him she and very intelligent. was beautiful and very intelligent.
- 5. Reported speech Changes in circumstances mean changes in language Direct speech Reported speech Tenses: Tenses: PRESENT PAST PAST PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT FUTURE (WILL) WOULD CAN COULD COULD COULD MAY MIGHT (OR MAY) MIGHT MIGHT SHOULD SHOULD OUGHT TO OUGHT TO
- 6. Reported speech Changes in circumstances mean changes in language Direct speech Reported speech Nouns and pronouns: Nouns and pronouns: I He/she You He/she He/she/it He/she/it We We/they You You/They They They
- 7. Reported speech Changes in circumstances mean changes in language Direct speech Reported speech Place and time: Place and time: Here There There There Now At that moment Later Later Tomorrow The following day Yesterday The day before Next year The next year Last year The previous year In 2008 In 2008
- 8. Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech Y/N Questions: Y/N Questions: 'Is the weather nice in your 'Hanna asked if the weather in his country?' Hanna asked. country was nice.' Wh- questions: Wh- questions: 'Where is the cathedral please?' 'The German tourist inquired the German tourist inquired. where the cathedral was'. (NOTICE the word order) Commands: 'Pass me the salt, please' Tom Commands: told me. 'Tom told/asked me to pass him the salt.
- 9. Reported speech The most common reporting verbs are: Say Tell (affirmatives and commands) Ask (questions and commands). However, there are many more. Reporting verbs (incomplete) list Remind Offer Advise Admit Refuse Accuse Apologise Threaten Recommend Deny Warn Promise Suggest