![Introduction
2
Manufacturing method
Additive manufacturing
CAD [Razelle, David 2015, C. Lee 2014 ].
1980s (Process of 3 D printing
described)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3dprintingtechnologyaninnovativehopeforhealthcare13-200326032654/85/3-d-printing-technology-an-innovative-hope-for-health-care-13-02-2020-3-320.jpg)
![3
Assure future production of drugs printed on demand,
custom doses, increased productivity and cost effectiveness
[Robert 2015, Tom Schneider et. al 2014]
Pharmaceutical industry
Mass
manufacturing
Personalized
medicine
Part of drug
production line](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3dprintingtechnologyaninnovativehopeforhealthcare13-200326032654/85/3-d-printing-technology-an-innovative-hope-for-health-care-13-02-2020-4-320.jpg)
![21
First FDA approved drug (2015) First 3D printed drug [Spitram
(levetiracetam)] manufactured by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals was
approved by USFDA (Razelle Kurzrock, David J. Stewart 2015;
Robert J. Szczebra 2015; ZipDose Technology).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/3dprintingtechnologyaninnovativehopeforhealthcare13-200326032654/85/3-d-printing-technology-an-innovative-hope-for-health-care-13-02-2020-22-320.jpg)
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3 d printing technology an innovative hope for health care 13.02.2020
- 1. 3D Printing technology: An innovative hope for health care Presented by: Dr. Juber Akhtar, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow.
- 2. 1 Introduction Working of 3D printer 3D Printing industry 3D Technologies for pharmaceuticals Applications of 3D printing in medicine Pharmaceutical applications for 3D Printing Barriers and challenges Future trends and Conclusion List of Content
- 3. Introduction 2 Manufacturing method Additive manufacturing CAD [Razelle, David 2015, C. Lee 2014 ]. 1980s (Process of 3 D printing described)
- 4. 3 Assure future production of drugs printed on demand, custom doses, increased productivity and cost effectiveness [Robert 2015, Tom Schneider et. al 2014] Pharmaceutical industry Mass manufacturing Personalized medicine Part of drug production line
- 5. 4 In 2015 3D printed drug was approved by USFDA. Zip dose technology ApreciaSpitram Orodispersible formulations disintegrate in the mouth with just a sip of liquid
- 6. 5 Working of 3D printer Making of virtual design of the object CAD using 3D modeling programme/ scanner 3D digital copy of the object Slicing of final model into hundreds or thousands horizontal layers Sliced file is uploaded in to 3D printer Object now created layer by layer in 3D
- 7. 6 The 3 Ds of 3D Printing: Basic Principle of 3D Printing Oral Dosage Forms.
- 8. 7 The Ideal 3D Printer for Production of Personalised Medicines. (source: trends in pharmacological sciences)
- 9. 8 3D Printing Industry 3D printing is currently about a $6.063 billion industry, with $667 million (11%) invested in medical applications. By 2027 3D printing industry is expected to grow into an $40 billion industry (Wohlar report 2017).
- 10. 9 3D Technologies for pharmaceuticals Binder jet printing: A powder bed 3DP method that uses a binder liquid to agglomerate powder articles to create a solid object. Delayed release Tablet Chlorphenamine maleate Fluorescein, Avicel PH301, PVP ,Tween 20 etc. Orodispersible tablet Levetiracetam MCC, Glycerine, Tween 80 etc.
- 11. 10 Fused deposition modeling (FDM): A thermal extrusion 3DP method. Controlled release caplets Budesonide Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) Immediate and extended- release tablets Theophylline Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) SSL, varying concentrations of triethyl citrate (TEC) or triacetin
- 12. 11 Selective laser sintering (SLS): A powder bed 3DP method that uses a laser to sinter powder particles together to create a solid object. Oral drug-loaded tablets Paracetamol Kollicoat IR or Eudragit L etc. Drug delivery device Progesterone Polycaprolactone (PCL)
- 13. 12 Semi-solid extrusion (SSE): A 3DP method that is based on the extrusion of semi-solid materials (such as gels or pastes) that solidify to create a solid object. Bi-layered tablets (polypill) Guaifenesin Polyacrylic acid (PAA), MCC and sodium starch glycolate Multiactive tablets (polypill) Nifedipine, glipizide and captopril HPMC
- 14. 13 Stereolithography (SLA): A 3DP method that uses high energy light to photopolymerise a liquid resin to create solid parts. Hydrogels Ibuprofen Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), PEG 300 etc. Personalised antiacne facial mask Salicylic acid PEGDA, PEG 300 etc.
- 15. 14 Applications of 3d printing in medicine The output of 3D printers as finished products was around 28% ( H. Stahl 2013a ). It increased about 80% in 2020. Hearing aids 3D printing technology shortened the manufacturing process i.e. scanning, modelling, and printing. Printers can print 65 hearing aid shells or 47 hearing aid moulds within 60 to 90 minutes. (H. Stahl 2013b).
- 16. 15 Medical applications: 3D printing is used to produce bones, ears, exoskeletons, windpipes, a jaw bone, eyeglasses, cell cultures, stem cells, blood vessels, vascular networks, tissues, and organs, as well as novel dosage forms and drug delivery devices (C. Lee Ventola 2014).
- 17. 16 Dentistry: 3D printing is widely used in dental labs, if takes the efficiencies of digital design to the production stage. By combining oral scanning, CAD/CAM design, and 3D printing, dental labs can accurately and rapidly produce Crowns, Bridges, Stone models and range of orthodontic appliances.
- 18. 17 Artificial jaw printed by 3D. Titanium powder used for printing the implant. 1 mm of the implant constituted 33 printed layers. The titanium body is coated with bio-ceramics. An artificial ear have an antenna registers frequencies a human cannot hear.
- 19. 18 Pharmaceutical Applications for 3D Printing Precise control of droplet size and dose, high reproducibility, and the ability to produce dosage forms with complex drug- release profiles (Lee H & Cho D-W; 2016 b). Complex drug manufacturing processes more standardized, simpler and more viable. Development of personalized medicine. Allows drug dosage forms, release profiles, and dispensing to be customized for each patient (C. Lee Ventola et .al; 2014).
- 20. 19 3D printers can print binder onto a matrix powder bed in layers typically 200 micrometers thick, creating a barrier between the active ingredients to facilitate controlled drug release. 3D-printed dosage forms can also be fabricated in complex geometries that are porous and loaded with multiple drugs throughout, surrounded by barrier layers that modulate release (C. Lee Ventola 2014).
- 21. 20 Orodispersible high-dose medications Orodispersible high-dose medications (up to 1000 mg) without using compression forces or traditional molding techniques. 3D printer stitches together multiple layers of powdered medication using an aqueous fluid to produce a porous, water-soluble matrix that rapidly disintegrates with a sip of liquid (ZipDose Technology).
- 22. 21 First FDA approved drug (2015) First 3D printed drug [Spitram (levetiracetam)] manufactured by Aprecia Pharmaceuticals was approved by USFDA (Razelle Kurzrock, David J. Stewart 2015; Robert J. Szczebra 2015; ZipDose Technology).
- 23. 22 Unique Dosage Forms Inkjetbased 3D printing drug fabrication Spray formulations of medications and binders in small droplets at precise speeds, motions, and sizes onto a substrate. Cellulose, coated or uncoated paper, microporous bioceramics, glass scaffolds, metal alloys, and potato. Spraying uniform ink droplets onto a liquid film that encapsulates it, forming micro particles and nanoparticles.
- 24. 23 Drugs with complex geometries Researchers of the University College London (UCL) School of Pharmacy and FabRx, Ltd. In their study designed five tablets, each with a distinctly different shape a cube, pyramid, cylinder, sphere, and torus using auto CAD software ( Lee H & Cho D-W; 2016 b). When the surface area of the printed tablets was kept constant, the drug release rates were the fastest in the pyramid shaped tablet > torus > cube > sphere > cylinder.
- 25. 24 Barriers and challenges Post-processing Limitations of Materials Massive job loss Regulatory Concerns
- 26. 25 Future trends and Conclusion 3D printing technology is expected to play an important role in the trend toward personalized medicine. On demand drug printing. Many general medications became available by this technique, patients might be able to reduce their medication burden to one poly pill per day. These technologies are going to transform pharmacy practice by allowing medications to be truly individualized and tailored specifically to each patient, although technical and regulatory hurdles remain.