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Surabhi 9th edition

IFFCO Canada
IFFCO Canada

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vad% 9 laiknd% ufyu fodkl lg;ksx% vueksy feJk eksfgr dqekj jksfgr dqekj
. ,d yM+ds dks cgqr xqLlk vkrk Fkk A mlds firk us mlds xqLls dks 'kkar djus dk QSlyk fd;k vkSj dhy ls Hkjk ,d FkSyk mlds gkFk esa nsrs gq, dgk fd tc rqEgsa xqLlk vk, rks ckM+ esa ,d dhy gFkkSM+s ls Bksd nsuk A igys fnu yM+ds us ckM+ esa 37 dhy Bksdh A dqN gh g其rksa esa yM+ds us /khjs&/khjs vius xqLls ij fu;a=.k djuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj ckM+ esa dhyksa dh la[;k de gksrh xbZ A mlus ik;k fd gFkkSM+s ls ckM+ esa dhy Bksdus dh vis{kk vius xqLls ij fu;a=.k djuk cgqr vklku gS A vkf[kjdkj og fnu Hkh vk;k tc ml yM+ds dks fcydqy xqLlk ugha vk;k A mlus vius firk dks ;g [kcj lqukbZ vkSj firk us lq>ko fn;k fd mldks gj fnu ,d dhy fudkyuh pkfg, ftlus mlds xqLls dks fu;a=.k esa j[kk A fnu chrrs x, vkf[kjdkj ,d fnu og ;qod vius firk dks crkus esa lQy gqvk fd mlus ckM+ esa yxh lHkh dhysa fudky nh gaSA firk mldks gkFk ls idM+dj ckM+ dh rjQ ys x;k vkSj mlls dgk esjs csVs] rqeus cgqr vPNk fd;k] ysfdu ckM+ esa gq, Nsn dks ns[kksA ;g ckM+ igys ,slk ugha FkkA tc ge xqLls esa dqN dgrs gSa rks ,d fu'kku NksM+ nsrs gSa tSls fd ckM+ esa gq, Nsn dk fu'kkuA vki fdlh vkneh dks pkdw ekj dj ckgj fudky ldrs gSaA blls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rk fd vki fdruh ckj ^eq>s ekQ dj nks* dgrs gSa] tcfd ?kko vHkh Hkh ogka ij ekStwn gSA** Hkkkk] lkfgR; ,oa laLd`fr dh bZ&if=dk ^lqjfHk^ dk u;k vad izLrqr gSA vkkk gS fiNyk vad vkidks ilan vk;k gksxkA gesa if=dk dh lkexzh ds ckjs esa cgqr lkjh izfrf;k,a feyh gSaA bl vad esa ge nsk ds egoiw.kZ jkT; ^mkjk[k.M^ ij foksk lkexzh ns jgs gSaA if=dk ds orZeku izk:i ds vuq:i Hkkkk] dyk] lkfgR; ,oa laLd`fr ls lacaf/kr y?kq ,oa jkspd jpuk,a lknj vkeaf=r gSaA gesa vkids lq>koksa dk bartkj jgsxkA & laiknd y?kq dFkk % xqLls ij fu;a=.k dVkjey lw;Z eafnj mkjk[kaM jkT; ds vYeksM+k ftys ds ^dVkjey* uked LFkku ij fLFkr gksus ds dkj.k bl eafnj dks ^dVkjey lw;Z eafnj^ dgk tkrk gSA vYeksM+k ls yxHkx 17 fd-eh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr mkjk[kaM 'kSyh ls cuk ;g eafnj yxHkx 800 o"kZ iqjkuk gS爛 dVkjey lw;Z eafnj iwjs dqek臓 eaMy dk lcls fo'kky] 臓pk vkSj vuwBk eafnj gSA mM+hlk ds dks.kkdZ lw;Z eafnj ds ckn ;g ,dek= 巽kphu lw;Z eafnj gSA ;g eafnj okLrqdyk dk cstksM+ uewuk gSA bls ^cM+kfnR;^ ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA okLrqdyk dh izd`fr vkSj [kaHkksa ij fy[ks f'kykys[kksa ds vk/kkj ij bl eafnj dk fuekZ.k 13oha 'krkCnh esa gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA
臓 /kjksgj % jEek.k mRlo ^jEek.k mRlo^ cSlk[kh ij vk;ksftr gksus okyk ioZ gSA ^cSlk[kh^ dk lEcU/k Qly dVkbZ] nsoh&nsorkvksa vkSj /kkfeZd ijEijkvksa ls gSA mkjk[kaM esa cSlk[kh ^fc[kksrh^ uke ls 巽pfyr gSA ^fc[kksrh^ ds volj ij mkjk[kaM ds vusd lqjE; LFkkuksa ij /kkfeZd vuq"Bkuksa vkSj esyksa dk vk;kstu djus dh ijaijk jgh gSA peksyh ftys ds xk臓o lywM&Mqaxzk esa vk;ksftr gksus okyk ^jEek.k^ mRlo mkjk[kaM dh cgqjaxh dyk vkSj laLfr dk ifjp; iwjh nqfu;k ls djk jgk gSA bl mRlo ds nkSjku u`R;&ukfVdk ds }kjk jkek;.k ds fofHkUu 巽laxksa] ikSjkf.kd vkSj ,sfrgkfld xkFkkvksa dk 巽n'kZu fd;k tkrk gSA ;wusLdks 村UNESCO遜 us ^jEek.k^ dks fo'o /kjksgj ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA [kqn dks bruk Hkh er cpk;k dj] ckfj'ksa gks rks Hkhx tk;k djA pk臓n ykdj dksbZ ugha nsxk] vius psgjs ls txexk;k djA nnZ ghjk gS] nnZ eksrh gS] nnZ vk臓[kksa ls er cgk;k djA kdhy vkt+eh dh xt+y% Hkhx tk;k dj dke ys dqN glhu gksBkas ls] ckrksa&ckrksa esa eqLdqjk;k djA /kwi ek;wl ykSV tkrh gS] Nr is fdlh cgkus vk;k djA dkSu dgrk gS fny feykus dks] de&ls&de gkFk rks feyk;k djA jEek.k mRlo mkjk[kaM dh cgqewY; fojklr gSA lywM&Mqaxzk xk臓o esa vk;ksftr gksus okys ^jEek.k^ mRlo dk lEcU/k mkjk[kaM ds yksd nsork Hkwfe;ky ls gSA Hkwfe;ky nsork U;k; ds nsork gSA mkjk[kaM esa Qly dVkbZ ds nkSjku Hkwfe;ky nsork dh ikSjkf.kd dky ls gh lkewfgd :i ls iwtk&vpZuk vk;ksftr djus dh ijaijk jgh gSA lywM&Mqaxzk xk臓o esa Hkh ^jEek.k^ mRlo ls iwoZ] rhu fnuksa rd Hkwfe;ky nsork dh ifjokjksa esa iwjs fof/k&fo/kku ls iwtk dh tkrh gSA bl ioZ ls iwoZ jkf= dks xk臓o ds yksx ,d LFkku ij ,d= gksrs gS vkSj tkxj.k dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa bl vk;kstu dks ^L;qrqZ^ dgrs gaSA <ksy&nek] Hkadksjk] ethjs 村mkjk[kaM ds ikjaifjd ok| ;U=遜 ds lqj&rky esa ^jEek.k^ mRlo esa lfEefyr lHkh yksx u`R; djrs gSaA ^L;qrqZ^ esa os lHkh yksx Hkh gksrs gSa] tks vxys fnu vk;ksftr gksus okyh jEek.k u`R;&ukfVdk esa egoiw.kZ ik=ksa dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA mRlo ds fnu Hkwfe;ky nsork dks iwtk lekfIr ds i'pkr ?kj ls ckgj yk;k tkrk gSA ,d yacs ckal ds naM ds fljs ij Hkwfe;ky nsork dh pk臓nh dhs ewfrZ yxkbZ tkrh gS vkSj bls jax&fcjaxs diM+ksa vkSj xk; dh iw臓N ds ckyksa ls ltk;k tkrk gSA LFkkuh; yksx bls ^yoksVw^ dgrs gSaA xk臓o ds Hkwfe;ky nsork eafnj ds 巽kax.k esa jEek.k u`R;&ukfVdk vk;ksftr dh tkrh gS vkSj jkek;.k ds fofHkUu 巽laxksa dk cM+s gh lqanj vkSj jkspd <ax ls eapu fd;k tkrk gSA
ekrk kCn baMks&;wjksih; Hkkkk&ifjokj ds lcls iqjkus kCnksa esa ls ,d gSA laLr esa ekr`] tsan vosLrk esa ekrj] Qk+jlh&mnwZ esa eknj] xzhd esa METER, ySfVu esa MATER, teZu esa MUOTAR, Lyko esa MATI, Mp esa MOEDER vkSj vaxsth esa MOTHER tSls lacks/kulwpd kCn ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA fo}ku bl kCn dh mRifk vyx&vyx <ax ls crkrs gSaA laLr esa blds tUe ds ihNs fuekZ.klwpd ^ek^ /kkrq ekuh tkrh gSA vFkkZr~ tks fuekZ.k djs oks ek臓A dqN bls ^eku^~ /kkrq ls fudyk kCn ekurs gSa vFkkZr~ ftldk eku&lEeku o iwtk dh tk, og gS ekrkA ijarq] dqN HkkkkfoKkuh mRifk;ksa ds bu vk/kkjksa dks diksy dYiuk ekurs gq, bls ^e^ o.kZ ls fudyk gqvk ekurs gSaA /ofu vuqdj.k izHkko ds pyrs ,d gh vk/kkj ls mBdj Hkkjrh;&;wjksih; Hkkkk&ifjokj esa QSyrk pyk x;kA fkkq ftu ewy ?ofu;ksa dks vuk;kl fudkyrk gS muesa lokZf/kd ^e^ o.kZ okyh gh gksrh gSa] ;Fkk& ve~] ee~] gqEe~ vkfnA fgUnh lfgr dbZ Hkkjrh; Hkkkkvksa esa ek臓 ds fy, ^vEek^ lfgr blls feyrs&tqyrs kCn feyrs gSa] tSls& ejkBh esa vkbZ] ekbZ] ek;] dUuM+ esa vEc tSls kCn laLr ds ^vEck^ ls fudys gSa ftldk vFkZ ek臓 gksrk gSA HkkkkfoKkfu;ksa ds eqrkfcd eqfLye lekt esa cksyk tkus okyk ^vEeh^ kCn blls gh fudyk gS vkSj vaxzsth ds ekWe ;k eEeh ds ihNs Hkh ;gh vk/kkj gSA lkHkkj & kCnksa dk lQj 村vftr oMusjdj遜 kCn dh mRifk % ekrk nqfu;k dh igyh ,Vh,e e'khu 27 twu] 1967 dks yanu ds ckjDyst cSad esas yxkbZ xbZ FkhA Hkkjr esa igyk ,Vh,e lu~ 1987 esa yxk;k x;k FkkA ;g ,Vh,e gksaxdksax ,aM 'ka?kkbZ cSafdax diksZjs'ku 村,p,lchlh遜 us eqacbZ esa yxk;k FkkA ,Vh,e ds vkfo"dkjd LdVySaM fuoklh tu 'ksQMZ cSju dk tUe 23 twu 1925 dks es?kky; ds f'kykSax esa gqvk FkkA cSju us dHkh viuh e'khu dk isVsaV ugha djk;k D;ksafd og viuh VsDuksyth dks xqIr j[kuk pkgrs FksA cSju ,Vh,e dk fiu 6 vadksa dk j[kus ds i{k esa Fks] ysfdu iRuh ds dgus ij mUgksaus pkj vadksa dk ,Vh,e fiu cuk;kA vkt Hkh pkj vadksa dk ,Vh,e fiu pyu esa gSA ,Vh,e ls flQZ iSls gh ugha] cfYd xksYM Hkh fudyk tk ldrk gSA igyh xksYM&IysV fudkyus okyh e'khu vcw /kkch ds vehjkr iSysl gksVy dh ych esa yxkbZ xbZ FkhA blls 320 rjg ds xksYM vkbVe fudkys tk ldrs FksA czkthy esa cSafdax V捉katsD'ku vkSj ikloMZ dks T;knk lqjf{kr cukus ds fy, ck;ksesfV捉d ,Vh,e dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bu ,Vh,e ls iSlk fudkyus ds fy, fiu dh txg fQaxjf巽aV dk 巽;ksx gksrk gSA nqfu;k dk lcls 臓pk ,Vh,e ukFkw yk esa gSA ;g leq脱 ry ls 14300 QhV dh 臓pkbZ ij fLFkr gSA ;g ,Vh,e Hkkjr&phu ckWMZj ij vkehZ ds fy, yxk;k x;k gSA igyk rSjrk gqvk ,Vh,e Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad }kjk dksfPp 村dsjy遜 ds >adkj esa yxk;k x;k FkkA dsjyk f'kfiax ,.M buySaM usohxs'ku djiksjs'ku 村KSINC遜 ds ikl bldk ekfydkuk gd FkkA nqfu;k dk lcls vdsyk ,Vh,e vaVkdZfVdk esa gSA ;gk臓 ij flQZ ,d gh ,Vh,e gSA D;k vki tkurs gSa ? ,Vh,e ds ckjs esa jkspd rF;
izfl) O;fDrRo % clarh nsoh fcV ftl mez esa reke efgyk,a [kqn dks ?kj dh ngyht rd lesV ysrh gSa] ml mez esa ,d xzkeh.k efgyk us reke otZuk,a rksM+dj gkjeksfu;e Fkkek vkSj fj;kt 'kq: fd;kA mlus iq#"kksa ds ,dkf/kdkj vkSj :f<+;ksa dks rksM+rs gq, mkjk[kaM dh igyh 巽ksQs'kuy efgyk tkxj xkf;dk gksus dk xkSjo gkfly fd;kA 63 lky dh clarh fc"V in~e lEeku ls lEekfur gksus okyh mkjk[kaM dh bdykSrh 'kf[l;r gSaA clarh fc"V dh igpku flQZ ikjaifjd ok| ;a= MkSaj 村Me:遜 ctkus vkSj Hkxorh ds tkxj dh vlk/kkj.k vkokt ds rkSj ij gh ugha gS] cfYd mkjk[kaM vkanksyu ds nkSjku muds fy[ks xhr vkt Hkh [kwc ilan fd;s tkrs gSaA clarh fc"V mkjk[kaM ds peksyh ftys ds Yo.kh 村Luwani遜 xkao dh jgus okyh gSaA ikapoha d{kk rd i<+kbZ djus okyh clarh fc"V dks tkxj dh 'kq:vkrh f'k{kk viuh ek臓a fcjek nsoh ls feyh tks [kqn cgqr vPNk tkxj xkrh FkhaA os mudks gh viuk xq: ekurh gSaA clarh fc"V dh 'kknh 19 lky dh mez esa jathr flag fc"V ls gqbZ FkhA muds ifr lsuk esa FksA bl dkj.k os Hkh muds lkFk dbZ 'kgjksa esa jghaA ,d ckj muds ifr dh iksfLVax tkya/kj esa gqbZA muds ?kj ds ikl ,d rfey efgyk jgrh FkhA og viuh yksd laLfr ls tqM+s xkus xkrh Fkh vkSj cPpksa dks xkuk Hkh fl[kkrh FkhA ;g ns[kdj clarh us Hkh viuh yksd laLfr ls tqM+ss xhrksa dks xkus dk QSlyk fd;kA ifr ls vuqefr feyus ds ckn mUgkasuss paMhx<+ ds 巽kphu dyk dsU脱 ls 'kkL=h; laxhr dh f'k{kk yh rkfd os xk;u dh ckjhfd;ksa dks lh[k ldsaA lky 1997 esa Yo.kh xkao esa xzke 巽/kku ds pquko gq, ftlesa clarh fc"V fot;h jgha vkSj bl rjg oks igyh efgyk xzke 巽/kku cuhA dqN le; ds ckn vyx mkjk[kaM jkT; dh ekax tksj idM+us yxhA clarh fc"V us bl vkanksyu esa c<+&p<+ djfgLlk fy;kA LFkkuh; yksxksa dks tkx:d djus vkSj vkanksyu etcwr djus ds fy, mUgksaus u flQZ dbZ xkus fy[ks cfYd mudks viuh vkokt Hkh nhA bl rjg ,d vksj tc muds xk, xkuksa ls yksxksa esa tks'k iSnk gksrk] rks ogha nwljh vksj clarh fc"V dks blls mRlkg feyrkA rc clarh fc"V us lkspk fd D;ksa u viuh lkaLfrd fojklr dks cpkus ds fy, dqN fd;k tk,A blds fy, mUgksauas r; fd;k fd os ^ek臓 uank nsoh* ds tkxj xkuk 'kq: djsaxh] ftls os cpiu ls lqurh vk jgh FkhaA uank nsoh ds tkxj dgha Hkh fyf[kr :i esa ugha gaS] yksx bls ,d ih<+h ls lqudj nwljh ih<+h dks lqukrs gSaA bl tkxj esa ^ek臓 uank nsoh* dh dgkuh dks xkdj lquk;k tkrk gSA clarh nsoh us lcls igys tkxj ds mPpkj.k esa tks dfe;ka Fkha mudks lq/kkjuk 'kq: fd;kA blds ckn ^ek臓 uank nsoh* ds tkxj dks fdrkc dh 'kDy esa fijks;k vkSj mls viuh vkokt esa xk;kA mUgksaus bl fdrkc dks uke fn;k ^uank ds tkxj*A bl fdrkc ds lkFk mUgksaus uank nsoh dh Lrqfr dks viuh vkokt esa xkdj ,d lhMh Hkh rS;kj dh tks fdrkc ds lkFk gh feyrh gSA mkjk[kaM esa tkxj dks ges'kk iq#"k 巽/kku gh le>k tkrk FkkA blesa eq[; xk;d iq#"k gh gksrk Fkk vkSj vxj dksbZ efgyk bls xkrh Fkh rks flQZ tkxj esa lkFk nsus dk dke djrh FkhA tc clarh fc"V us tkxj xkuk 'kq: fd;k rks
Yksxksa us bldk [kwc fojks/k fd;kA ysfdu tSls&tSls mudh 巽flf) c<+rh xbZ yksx mudks Lohdkj djrs x,A vkt os flQZ tkxj gh ugha cfYd ekaxy] ikaMokuh] U;kSyh vkSj nwljs ikjaifjd xhr Hkh xkrh gSaA fiNys 20 lkyksa ls clarh fc"V ^ek臓 uank nsoh* ds tkxj dks ikjEifjd iks'kkd esa gh xkrh gSaA blds fy, og Lrqfr ds le; xk, tkus okys ^ik[kqyk* dks igurh gSaA ^ik[kqyk* ,d dkyk dacy gksrk gS ftls iguus esa yksxksa dks f>>d eglwl gksrh Fkh] ysfdu os bls cM+s lEeku ds lkFk igurh gSaA clarh dgrh gSa fd tkxj ,d ,slh fo/kk gS ftls de ls de ok| ;a=ksa ds lkFk xk;k tkrk gSA blesa MkSaj 村Me:遜] Fkkyh] gqM+dk tSls ok|;a= bLrseky gksrs gSaA tkxj xkrs le; MkSaj 村Me:遜 dks clarh fc"V [kqn gh ctkrh gSaA ;g ijaijk vkxs Hkh cuh jgs blds fy, og nwljh efgykvksa dks Hkh tkxj fl[kkrh gSaA foksk jkT; % mkjk[k.M Hkkjr ds mkj esa cls mkjk[k.M jkT; dkss nsoHkwfe Hkh dgk tkrk gSSA 9 uoacj] 2000 dks dbZ okksZa ds vkanksyu ds ipkr mkj iznsk jkT; ls vyx gksdj ,d u, jkT; dk mn; gqvk ftls Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds 27osa jkT; ds :i esa foLFkkfir fd;k x;kA lu 2000 ls 2006 rd ;g jkT; ^mkjkapy^ ds uke ls tkuk x;kA izkjafHkd fgUnw xzUFkksa vkSj izzkphu lkfgR; esa bldk mYys[k ^mkjk[k.M^ ds uke ls fd;k x;k gSA 1 tuojh] 2007 dks LFkkuh; yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, blds vkf/kdkfjd uke dks cnydj ^mkjk[k.M^ dj fn;k x;kA bl jkT; dh lhek,a mkj esa ^frCcr^ vkSj iwoZ esa ^usiky^ ls yxh gqbZ gSaA ifpe esa ^fgekpy iznsk^ vkSj nf{k.k esa ^mkj iznsk^ bldh lhek ls yxs jkT; gSaA laLd``r esa ^mkjk[k.M^ uke laLr kCnksa mkj 村mkj fnkk遜 vkSj [k.M 村Hkwfe遜 ls feydj cuk gS ftldk vFkZ mkjh {ks= ;k Hkkx gksrk gSA mkjk[kaM dk xkSjo'kkyh vrhr jgk gSA ;g egku lezkVksa] lkezkT;ksa tSls& dq'kul] dqfnul] dfu"d] leq脱xqIr] drqfjv] iyk'k] pU脱l vkSj ikojk dh mRifk vkSj fodkl dk ,d yack bfrgkl gSA ;gk臓 x<+okyh vkSj dqek臓uh nks eq[; {ks=h; Hkk"kk,臓 gSa] ysfdu lcls vf/kd cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk fgUnh gSA dqek臓uh vkSj x<+okyh cksfy;k臓 x<+oky vkSj dqek臓 {ks= esa cksyh tkrh gSaA if'pe vkSj mkj esa dqN vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa esa tkSulkjh vkSj HkksfV;k cksfy;k臓 cksyh tkrh gSaA mkjk[kaM viuh HkkSxksfyd lqnajrk ds fy, gh ugha cfYd viuh fofo/k lkaLfrd ijEijkvksa ds fy, Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gk臓 dh laLfr] tu&ekul vkSj 巽fr ds vn~Hkqr rky&esy dk laxe gS] tks ;gk臓 ds flok dgha vkSj ns[kus dks ugha feyrh gSA gj lekt dh laLfr mlds fy, csgn [kkl gksrh gSA dqekauh laLfr ds vykok ;gka tksgkj dh laLfr dk Hkh viuk vyx ego gSA ;gka ds yksx fo'ks"k rjg dh iks'kkd vkSj vyx rjg ds vkHkw"k.kksa dks /kkj.k djrs gSaA mkjk[kaM dh laLfr esa ^'kkSdk lekt^ dk viuk LFkku jgk gSA lhekar fiFkkSjkx<+ ftys ds tksgkj&equL;kjh {ks= esa fuokl djus okys 'kkSdk lekt ds yksx viuh fof'k"V igpku j[krs gSaSA 'kkSdk lekt dh os'kHkw"kk vyx igpku j[krh gSA [kkl dj efgyk,a fo'ks"k rjg ds oL=] vkHkw"k.k vkfn /kkj.k djrh gSaA mPp fgeky; dh xksjh xaxk ?kkVh esa jgus okyh 'kkSdk lekt dh efgyk,a lkewfgd vk;kstu esa vkt Hkh tc viuh ikjaifjd os'kHkw"kk esa gksrh gSa vkSj lgt gh nwljksa dk /;ku viuh vksj [khap ysrh gSaA
vkHkw"k.kksa dk mi;ksx gj lekt vkfn dky ls djrk vk;k gSA T;kj&equL;kj 村{ks=h; cksyh ds 'kCn遜 dh cksyh esa vkHkw"k.k ;k tsojkr dks ^gr&dku^ dgk tkrk gSA 'kkfCnd vFkZ ds vuqlkj bldk vk'k; gkFk o dku esa igus tkus okys 'kksHkk;eku oLrqvksa ls gSA 'kkSdk lekt esa mi;ksx gksus okys vkHkw"k.k gh ugha iqjkus le; esa nSfud thou esa 巽;ksx gksus okyh oLrq,a] dk"V&/kkrq ls fufeZr jlksbZ ds crZu vkfn Hkh fof'k"V gSaA nSoh; LFkyksa vkSj 巽kfrd /kjksgj ls lEiUu ;g {ks=] viuh yksd laLfr dks cM+h 'kkyhurk ds lkFk lgsts gq, gSA ;gk臓 ds mRloksa vkSj /kkfeZd lekjksgksa esa yksd laLfr ds fofHkUu jax ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA ;gk臓 ds yksd ok|] yksd xhr] yksd xk;u 'kSyh] yksd u`R;] fp= vFkok f'kYi cgqr le`) gaSA yksd xhrksa dh rjg gh ;gk臓 ds yksd u`R;ksa esa Hkh deky dh fofo/krk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA mkjk[kaM ds 巽kphu u`R;ksa esa eaMk.k lcls T;knk yksdf巽; gSA fookg ;k /kkfeZd vuq"Bku ds volj ij bldks xk臓o ds pkSd ;k eSnku ds chp esa vfXu 巽Tofyr dj vkSj lHkh ikjaifjd ;U=ksa 村<ksy neks] j.kflagk] Hkadksj遜 dks ctkdj] xhrksa ds }kjk nsoh& nsorkvksa dk vk尊oku djds euk;k tkrk gSA T;knkrj xhr egkHkkjr ds fofHkUu ?kVuk e ls lacaf/kr gksrs gaS] blds vykok yksd dFkkvksa ls tqM+s xhr Hkh xk, tkrs gaSA bl u`R; dks ik.Mo u`R; Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr mkjk[k.M esa FkfM+;k] pkSaQqyk] Nksfy;k] >qeSyks] rkanh] >ksM+k] Nisyh vkSj pk臓pjh vkfn dkQh izpfyr gSaA dqek臓 esa 'kqHk voljksa ij cukbZ tkus okyh fp=dyk 村jaxksyh遜 dks ,si.k ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ,si.k dbZ rjg ds fMtkbuksa ls iw.kZ gksrk gSA ,si.k ds eq[; fMtkbu&pkS[kkus] pkSiM+] pk臓n] lwjt] LofLrd] x.ks'k] Qwy&ikh] claR/kkjs rFkk bLrseky ds crZu dk :ikadu vkfn 'kkfey gSaA ,si.k ds dqN fMtkbu voljksa ds vuqlkj Hkh gksrs gSaA mkjk[k.M jkT; i;ZVu dh n`fV ls Hkh cgqr le`) gSA ;g jkT; viuh izkd`frd lqanjrk] rhFkZLFky vkSj i;ZVd LFkyksa ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA ifo=re ufn;ksa xaxk vkSj ;equk ds mn~xe LFky xaxks=h vkSj ;equks=h blh jkT; esa gSaA rhFkZ;k=k@i;ZVu ds 巽eq[k LFkku xaxks=h] ;equks=h] c脱hukFk] dsnkjukFk] gfj}kj] _f"kds'k] gsedqaM lkfgc] ukudekk] vkfn gSaA dSyk'k ekuljksoj dh ;k=k mkjk[k.M ds dqek臓 ls gh kq: gksrh gSA Qwyksa dh fo'o 巽fl) ?kkVh] fiaMkjh Xysf'k;j] :i dqaM] n;kjk cX;ky] vkSyh] elwjh] nsgjknwu] pdjkrk] uSuhrky] jkuh[ksr] ckxs'oj] Hkherky] dkSlkuh vkSj ykalMkmu bR;kfn igkM+h LVs'ku ,oa i;ZVd LFky gaSaA
: laidZ% k"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLfr 巽d即"B] bQdks lnu] lh&1] fMfLV捉DV lsaVj] lkdsr Iysl] ubZ fnYyh & 110 017 nwjHkkk% 011&42592791] 42592792 bZ&esy% nalinvikas@iffco.in, mkcohindi@iffco.in, bhasha@iffco.in, sahitya@iffco.in eq>dks ;kn fd;k tk,xk vk臓lw tc lEekfur gksaxs eq>dks ;kn fd;k tk,xk tgk臓 巽se dk ppkZ gksxk esjk uke fy;k tk,xkA eku&i= eSa ugha fy[k ldk jktHkou ds lEekuksa dk eSa rks vkf'kd jgk tue ls lqanjrk ds nhokuksa dk ysfdu Fkk ekywe ugha ;s dsoy bl xyrh ds dkj.k lkjh mez HkVdus okyk] eq>dks 'kki fn;k tk,xkA f[kyus dks rS;kj ugha Fkha rqylh Hkh ftuds vk臓xu esa eSaus Hkj&Hkj fn, flrkjs muds eVeSys nkeu esa ihM+k ds lax jkl jpk;k vk臓[k Hkjh rks >weds xk;k tSls eSa th fy;k fdlh ls D;k bl rjg ft;k tk,xk dkO; eksrh % J)katfy% xksiky nkl uhjt tUe % 4 tuojh] 1925 e`R;q % 19 tqykbZ] 2018 dkty vkSj dVk{kksa ij rks jh> jgh Fkh nqfu;k lkjh eSaus fdarq cjlus okyh vk臓[kksa dh vkjrh mrkjh jax mM+ x, lc lrjaxh rkj&rkj gj lk臓l gks xbZ QVk gqvk ;g dqrkZ vc rks T;knk ugha fl;k tk,xk tc Hkh dksbZ liuk VwVk esjh vk臓[k ogk臓 cjlh gS rM+ik gw臓 eSa tc Hkh dksbZ eNyh ikuh dks rjlh gS] xhr nnZ dk igyk csVk nq[k gS mldk [ksy f[kykSuk dfork rc ehjk gksxh tc g臓ldj tgj fi;k tk,xkA gjsyk yksdioZ mkjk[kaM esa euk, tkus okys yksd&R;ksgkjksa esa ,d 巽eq[k R;ksgkj gS gjsykA ;g yksdioZ gj lky ^ddZ lakafr* dks euk;k tkrk gSA vaxzsth rkjh[k ds vuqlkj] ;g R;ksgkj gj o"kZ lksyg tqykbZ dks gksrk gSA fgUnw iapkax ds vuqlkj] tc lw;Z feFkqu jkf'k ls ddZ jkf'k esa 巽os'k djrk gS] rks mls ddZ lakafr dgrs gSaA frfFk&{k; ;k frfFk&o`f) ds dkj.k gh ;g ioZ ,d fnu vkxs&ihNs gks tkrk gSA bl ioZ ds fy, vkB&nl fnu igys ?kjksa esa iwtk LFkku ij fdlh txg ;k NksVh Mfy;ksa esa fe棚h fcNk dj lkr 巽dkj ds cht tSls& xsgw臓] tkS] ew臓x] mM+n] Hkq棚k] xgr] ljlksa vkfn cksrs gSa vkSj ukS fnuksa rd mlesa ty vkfn Mkyrs gSaA gj fnu budh xqM+kbZ vkSj gjsys ds fnu bldh dVkbZ dh tkrh gSA ;g dk;Z ?kj ds cM+s cqtqxZ ;k iafMr djrs gSaA bl ioZ ds nkSjku dbZ rjg ds idoku curs gSaA lHkh lkr 巽dkj ds chtksa ls vadqfjr gjs&ihys jax ds frudksa dks nsorkvksa dks vfiZr djus ds ckn ?kj ds lHkh yksxksa ds lj ij ;k dku ds ij j[kk tkrk gSA ?kj ds njoktksa ds nksuksa vksj ;k ij Hkh xkscj ls bu frudksa dks ltk;k tkrk gSA bl yksd& R;ksgkj vkSj ijEijk dk laca/k moZjrk] [kq'kgkyh] uo&thou vkSj fodkl ls tqM+k gSA dq臓okjh csfV;ka cM+s yksxkas dks fiB樽k 村jksyh遜 v{kr ls Vhdk djrh gSa vkSj HksaVLo#i dqN #i, ikrh gSaA cM+s yksx vius ls NksVs yksxksa dks bl 巽dkj vk'khokZn nsrs gSaA bl ekSds ij nh?kkZ;q] cqf)eku vkSj 'kf辰eku gksus dk vk'khokZn vkSj 'kqHkdkeuk ls vksr巽ksr yksdxhr xk;k tkrk gS% th j;k tkfx j;k vkdk'k tl mPp] /kjrh tl pkdo gS t;k L;koS d tl cqf)] lwjt tl rjk.k gS tkS fly filh Hkkr [kk;k] tk臓fB Vsfd HkSj t;k nwc tl QSfy t;k--- bl xhr dk vFkZ gS% ^^thrs jgks tkx`r jgksA vkdk'k tSlh 臓pkbZ] /kjrh tSlk foLrkj] fl;kj dh lh cqf)] lw;Z tSlh 'kf辰 巽kIr djksA vk;q bruh nh?kZ gks fd pkoy Hkh fly esa ihl ds [kk,a vkSj ckgj tkus dks ykBh dk lgkjk yks] nwc dh rjg QSyksA^^

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  • 1. vad% 9 laiknd% ufyu fodkl lg;ksx% vueksy feJk eksfgr dqekj jksfgr dqekj
  • 2. . ,d yM+ds dks cgqr xqLlk vkrk Fkk A mlds firk us mlds xqLls dks 'kkar djus dk QSlyk fd;k vkSj dhy ls Hkjk ,d FkSyk mlds gkFk esa nsrs gq, dgk fd tc rqEgsa xqLlk vk, rks ckM+ esa ,d dhy gFkkSM+s ls Bksd nsuk A igys fnu yM+ds us ckM+ esa 37 dhy Bksdh A dqN gh g其rksa esa yM+ds us /khjs&/khjs vius xqLls ij fu;a=.k djuk 'kq: dj fn;k vkSj ckM+ esa dhyksa dh la[;k de gksrh xbZ A mlus ik;k fd gFkkSM+s ls ckM+ esa dhy Bksdus dh vis{kk vius xqLls ij fu;a=.k djuk cgqr vklku gS A vkf[kjdkj og fnu Hkh vk;k tc ml yM+ds dks fcydqy xqLlk ugha vk;k A mlus vius firk dks ;g [kcj lqukbZ vkSj firk us lq>ko fn;k fd mldks gj fnu ,d dhy fudkyuh pkfg, ftlus mlds xqLls dks fu;a=.k esa j[kk A fnu chrrs x, vkf[kjdkj ,d fnu og ;qod vius firk dks crkus esa lQy gqvk fd mlus ckM+ esa yxh lHkh dhysa fudky nh gaSA firk mldks gkFk ls idM+dj ckM+ dh rjQ ys x;k vkSj mlls dgk esjs csVs] rqeus cgqr vPNk fd;k] ysfdu ckM+ esa gq, Nsn dks ns[kksA ;g ckM+ igys ,slk ugha FkkA tc ge xqLls esa dqN dgrs gSa rks ,d fu'kku NksM+ nsrs gSa tSls fd ckM+ esa gq, Nsn dk fu'kkuA vki fdlh vkneh dks pkdw ekj dj ckgj fudky ldrs gSaA blls dksbZ QdZ ugha iM+rk fd vki fdruh ckj ^eq>s ekQ dj nks* dgrs gSa] tcfd ?kko vHkh Hkh ogka ij ekStwn gSA** Hkkkk] lkfgR; ,oa laLd`fr dh bZ&if=dk ^lqjfHk^ dk u;k vad izLrqr gSA vkkk gS fiNyk vad vkidks ilan vk;k gksxkA gesa if=dk dh lkexzh ds ckjs esa cgqr lkjh izfrf;k,a feyh gSaA bl vad esa ge nsk ds egoiw.kZ jkT; ^mkjk[k.M^ ij foksk lkexzh ns jgs gSaA if=dk ds orZeku izk:i ds vuq:i Hkkkk] dyk] lkfgR; ,oa laLd`fr ls lacaf/kr y?kq ,oa jkspd jpuk,a lknj vkeaf=r gSaA gesa vkids lq>koksa dk bartkj jgsxkA & laiknd y?kq dFkk % xqLls ij fu;a=.k dVkjey lw;Z eafnj mkjk[kaM jkT; ds vYeksM+k ftys ds ^dVkjey* uked LFkku ij fLFkr gksus ds dkj.k bl eafnj dks ^dVkjey lw;Z eafnj^ dgk tkrk gSA vYeksM+k ls yxHkx 17 fd-eh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr mkjk[kaM 'kSyh ls cuk ;g eafnj yxHkx 800 o"kZ iqjkuk gS爛 dVkjey lw;Z eafnj iwjs dqek臓 eaMy dk lcls fo'kky] 臓pk vkSj vuwBk eafnj gSA mM+hlk ds dks.kkdZ lw;Z eafnj ds ckn ;g ,dek= 巽kphu lw;Z eafnj gSA ;g eafnj okLrqdyk dk cstksM+ uewuk gSA bls ^cM+kfnR;^ ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA okLrqdyk dh izd`fr vkSj [kaHkksa ij fy[ks f'kykys[kksa ds vk/kkj ij bl eafnj dk fuekZ.k 13oha 'krkCnh esa gqvk ekuk tkrk gSA
  • 3. 臓 /kjksgj % jEek.k mRlo ^jEek.k mRlo^ cSlk[kh ij vk;ksftr gksus okyk ioZ gSA ^cSlk[kh^ dk lEcU/k Qly dVkbZ] nsoh&nsorkvksa vkSj /kkfeZd ijEijkvksa ls gSA mkjk[kaM esa cSlk[kh ^fc[kksrh^ uke ls 巽pfyr gSA ^fc[kksrh^ ds volj ij mkjk[kaM ds vusd lqjE; LFkkuksa ij /kkfeZd vuq"Bkuksa vkSj esyksa dk vk;kstu djus dh ijaijk jgh gSA peksyh ftys ds xk臓o lywM&Mqaxzk esa vk;ksftr gksus okyk ^jEek.k^ mRlo mkjk[kaM dh cgqjaxh dyk vkSj laLfr dk ifjp; iwjh nqfu;k ls djk jgk gSA bl mRlo ds nkSjku u`R;&ukfVdk ds }kjk jkek;.k ds fofHkUu 巽laxksa] ikSjkf.kd vkSj ,sfrgkfld xkFkkvksa dk 巽n'kZu fd;k tkrk gSA ;wusLdks 村UNESCO遜 us ^jEek.k^ dks fo'o /kjksgj ?kksf"kr fd;k gSA [kqn dks bruk Hkh er cpk;k dj] ckfj'ksa gks rks Hkhx tk;k djA pk臓n ykdj dksbZ ugha nsxk] vius psgjs ls txexk;k djA nnZ ghjk gS] nnZ eksrh gS] nnZ vk臓[kksa ls er cgk;k djA kdhy vkt+eh dh xt+y% Hkhx tk;k dj dke ys dqN glhu gksBkas ls] ckrksa&ckrksa esa eqLdqjk;k djA /kwi ek;wl ykSV tkrh gS] Nr is fdlh cgkus vk;k djA dkSu dgrk gS fny feykus dks] de&ls&de gkFk rks feyk;k djA jEek.k mRlo mkjk[kaM dh cgqewY; fojklr gSA lywM&Mqaxzk xk臓o esa vk;ksftr gksus okys ^jEek.k^ mRlo dk lEcU/k mkjk[kaM ds yksd nsork Hkwfe;ky ls gSA Hkwfe;ky nsork U;k; ds nsork gSA mkjk[kaM esa Qly dVkbZ ds nkSjku Hkwfe;ky nsork dh ikSjkf.kd dky ls gh lkewfgd :i ls iwtk&vpZuk vk;ksftr djus dh ijaijk jgh gSA lywM&Mqaxzk xk臓o esa Hkh ^jEek.k^ mRlo ls iwoZ] rhu fnuksa rd Hkwfe;ky nsork dh ifjokjksa esa iwjs fof/k&fo/kku ls iwtk dh tkrh gSA bl ioZ ls iwoZ jkf= dks xk臓o ds yksx ,d LFkku ij ,d= gksrs gS vkSj tkxj.k dk vk;kstu fd;k tkrk gSA LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa bl vk;kstu dks ^L;qrqZ^ dgrs gaSA <ksy&nek] Hkadksjk] ethjs 村mkjk[kaM ds ikjaifjd ok| ;U=遜 ds lqj&rky esa ^jEek.k^ mRlo esa lfEefyr lHkh yksx u`R; djrs gSaA ^L;qrqZ^ esa os lHkh yksx Hkh gksrs gSa] tks vxys fnu vk;ksftr gksus okyh jEek.k u`R;&ukfVdk esa egoiw.kZ ik=ksa dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSaA mRlo ds fnu Hkwfe;ky nsork dks iwtk lekfIr ds i'pkr ?kj ls ckgj yk;k tkrk gSA ,d yacs ckal ds naM ds fljs ij Hkwfe;ky nsork dh pk臓nh dhs ewfrZ yxkbZ tkrh gS vkSj bls jax&fcjaxs diM+ksa vkSj xk; dh iw臓N ds ckyksa ls ltk;k tkrk gSA LFkkuh; yksx bls ^yoksVw^ dgrs gSaA xk臓o ds Hkwfe;ky nsork eafnj ds 巽kax.k esa jEek.k u`R;&ukfVdk vk;ksftr dh tkrh gS vkSj jkek;.k ds fofHkUu 巽laxksa dk cM+s gh lqanj vkSj jkspd <ax ls eapu fd;k tkrk gSA
  • 4. ekrk kCn baMks&;wjksih; Hkkkk&ifjokj ds lcls iqjkus kCnksa esa ls ,d gSA laLr esa ekr`] tsan vosLrk esa ekrj] Qk+jlh&mnwZ esa eknj] xzhd esa METER, ySfVu esa MATER, teZu esa MUOTAR, Lyko esa MATI, Mp esa MOEDER vkSj vaxsth esa MOTHER tSls lacks/kulwpd kCn ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA fo}ku bl kCn dh mRifk vyx&vyx <ax ls crkrs gSaA laLr esa blds tUe ds ihNs fuekZ.klwpd ^ek^ /kkrq ekuh tkrh gSA vFkkZr~ tks fuekZ.k djs oks ek臓A dqN bls ^eku^~ /kkrq ls fudyk kCn ekurs gSa vFkkZr~ ftldk eku&lEeku o iwtk dh tk, og gS ekrkA ijarq] dqN HkkkkfoKkuh mRifk;ksa ds bu vk/kkjksa dks diksy dYiuk ekurs gq, bls ^e^ o.kZ ls fudyk gqvk ekurs gSaA /ofu vuqdj.k izHkko ds pyrs ,d gh vk/kkj ls mBdj Hkkjrh;&;wjksih; Hkkkk&ifjokj esa QSyrk pyk x;kA fkkq ftu ewy ?ofu;ksa dks vuk;kl fudkyrk gS muesa lokZf/kd ^e^ o.kZ okyh gh gksrh gSa] ;Fkk& ve~] ee~] gqEe~ vkfnA fgUnh lfgr dbZ Hkkjrh; Hkkkkvksa esa ek臓 ds fy, ^vEek^ lfgr blls feyrs&tqyrs kCn feyrs gSa] tSls& ejkBh esa vkbZ] ekbZ] ek;] dUuM+ esa vEc tSls kCn laLr ds ^vEck^ ls fudys gSa ftldk vFkZ ek臓 gksrk gSA HkkkkfoKkfu;ksa ds eqrkfcd eqfLye lekt esa cksyk tkus okyk ^vEeh^ kCn blls gh fudyk gS vkSj vaxzsth ds ekWe ;k eEeh ds ihNs Hkh ;gh vk/kkj gSA lkHkkj & kCnksa dk lQj 村vftr oMusjdj遜 kCn dh mRifk % ekrk nqfu;k dh igyh ,Vh,e e'khu 27 twu] 1967 dks yanu ds ckjDyst cSad esas yxkbZ xbZ FkhA Hkkjr esa igyk ,Vh,e lu~ 1987 esa yxk;k x;k FkkA ;g ,Vh,e gksaxdksax ,aM 'ka?kkbZ cSafdax diksZjs'ku 村,p,lchlh遜 us eqacbZ esa yxk;k FkkA ,Vh,e ds vkfo"dkjd LdVySaM fuoklh tu 'ksQMZ cSju dk tUe 23 twu 1925 dks es?kky; ds f'kykSax esa gqvk FkkA cSju us dHkh viuh e'khu dk isVsaV ugha djk;k D;ksafd og viuh VsDuksyth dks xqIr j[kuk pkgrs FksA cSju ,Vh,e dk fiu 6 vadksa dk j[kus ds i{k esa Fks] ysfdu iRuh ds dgus ij mUgksaus pkj vadksa dk ,Vh,e fiu cuk;kA vkt Hkh pkj vadksa dk ,Vh,e fiu pyu esa gSA ,Vh,e ls flQZ iSls gh ugha] cfYd xksYM Hkh fudyk tk ldrk gSA igyh xksYM&IysV fudkyus okyh e'khu vcw /kkch ds vehjkr iSysl gksVy dh ych esa yxkbZ xbZ FkhA blls 320 rjg ds xksYM vkbVe fudkys tk ldrs FksA czkthy esa cSafdax V捉katsD'ku vkSj ikloMZ dks T;knk lqjf{kr cukus ds fy, ck;ksesfV捉d ,Vh,e dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gSA bu ,Vh,e ls iSlk fudkyus ds fy, fiu dh txg fQaxjf巽aV dk 巽;ksx gksrk gSA nqfu;k dk lcls 臓pk ,Vh,e ukFkw yk esa gSA ;g leq脱 ry ls 14300 QhV dh 臓pkbZ ij fLFkr gSA ;g ,Vh,e Hkkjr&phu ckWMZj ij vkehZ ds fy, yxk;k x;k gSA igyk rSjrk gqvk ,Vh,e Hkkjrh; LVsV cSad }kjk dksfPp 村dsjy遜 ds >adkj esa yxk;k x;k FkkA dsjyk f'kfiax ,.M buySaM usohxs'ku djiksjs'ku 村KSINC遜 ds ikl bldk ekfydkuk gd FkkA nqfu;k dk lcls vdsyk ,Vh,e vaVkdZfVdk esa gSA ;gk臓 ij flQZ ,d gh ,Vh,e gSA D;k vki tkurs gSa ? ,Vh,e ds ckjs esa jkspd rF;
  • 5. izfl) O;fDrRo % clarh nsoh fcV ftl mez esa reke efgyk,a [kqn dks ?kj dh ngyht rd lesV ysrh gSa] ml mez esa ,d xzkeh.k efgyk us reke otZuk,a rksM+dj gkjeksfu;e Fkkek vkSj fj;kt 'kq: fd;kA mlus iq#"kksa ds ,dkf/kdkj vkSj :f<+;ksa dks rksM+rs gq, mkjk[kaM dh igyh 巽ksQs'kuy efgyk tkxj xkf;dk gksus dk xkSjo gkfly fd;kA 63 lky dh clarh fc"V in~e lEeku ls lEekfur gksus okyh mkjk[kaM dh bdykSrh 'kf[l;r gSaA clarh fc"V dh igpku flQZ ikjaifjd ok| ;a= MkSaj 村Me:遜 ctkus vkSj Hkxorh ds tkxj dh vlk/kkj.k vkokt ds rkSj ij gh ugha gS] cfYd mkjk[kaM vkanksyu ds nkSjku muds fy[ks xhr vkt Hkh [kwc ilan fd;s tkrs gSaA clarh fc"V mkjk[kaM ds peksyh ftys ds Yo.kh 村Luwani遜 xkao dh jgus okyh gSaA ikapoha d{kk rd i<+kbZ djus okyh clarh fc"V dks tkxj dh 'kq:vkrh f'k{kk viuh ek臓a fcjek nsoh ls feyh tks [kqn cgqr vPNk tkxj xkrh FkhaA os mudks gh viuk xq: ekurh gSaA clarh fc"V dh 'kknh 19 lky dh mez esa jathr flag fc"V ls gqbZ FkhA muds ifr lsuk esa FksA bl dkj.k os Hkh muds lkFk dbZ 'kgjksa esa jghaA ,d ckj muds ifr dh iksfLVax tkya/kj esa gqbZA muds ?kj ds ikl ,d rfey efgyk jgrh FkhA og viuh yksd laLfr ls tqM+s xkus xkrh Fkh vkSj cPpksa dks xkuk Hkh fl[kkrh FkhA ;g ns[kdj clarh us Hkh viuh yksd laLfr ls tqM+ss xhrksa dks xkus dk QSlyk fd;kA ifr ls vuqefr feyus ds ckn mUgkasuss paMhx<+ ds 巽kphu dyk dsU脱 ls 'kkL=h; laxhr dh f'k{kk yh rkfd os xk;u dh ckjhfd;ksa dks lh[k ldsaA lky 1997 esa Yo.kh xkao esa xzke 巽/kku ds pquko gq, ftlesa clarh fc"V fot;h jgha vkSj bl rjg oks igyh efgyk xzke 巽/kku cuhA dqN le; ds ckn vyx mkjk[kaM jkT; dh ekax tksj idM+us yxhA clarh fc"V us bl vkanksyu esa c<+&p<+ djfgLlk fy;kA LFkkuh; yksxksa dks tkx:d djus vkSj vkanksyu etcwr djus ds fy, mUgksaus u flQZ dbZ xkus fy[ks cfYd mudks viuh vkokt Hkh nhA bl rjg ,d vksj tc muds xk, xkuksa ls yksxksa esa tks'k iSnk gksrk] rks ogha nwljh vksj clarh fc"V dks blls mRlkg feyrkA rc clarh fc"V us lkspk fd D;ksa u viuh lkaLfrd fojklr dks cpkus ds fy, dqN fd;k tk,A blds fy, mUgksauas r; fd;k fd os ^ek臓 uank nsoh* ds tkxj xkuk 'kq: djsaxh] ftls os cpiu ls lqurh vk jgh FkhaA uank nsoh ds tkxj dgha Hkh fyf[kr :i esa ugha gaS] yksx bls ,d ih<+h ls lqudj nwljh ih<+h dks lqukrs gSaA bl tkxj esa ^ek臓 uank nsoh* dh dgkuh dks xkdj lquk;k tkrk gSA clarh nsoh us lcls igys tkxj ds mPpkj.k esa tks dfe;ka Fkha mudks lq/kkjuk 'kq: fd;kA blds ckn ^ek臓 uank nsoh* ds tkxj dks fdrkc dh 'kDy esa fijks;k vkSj mls viuh vkokt esa xk;kA mUgksaus bl fdrkc dks uke fn;k ^uank ds tkxj*A bl fdrkc ds lkFk mUgksaus uank nsoh dh Lrqfr dks viuh vkokt esa xkdj ,d lhMh Hkh rS;kj dh tks fdrkc ds lkFk gh feyrh gSA mkjk[kaM esa tkxj dks ges'kk iq#"k 巽/kku gh le>k tkrk FkkA blesa eq[; xk;d iq#"k gh gksrk Fkk vkSj vxj dksbZ efgyk bls xkrh Fkh rks flQZ tkxj esa lkFk nsus dk dke djrh FkhA tc clarh fc"V us tkxj xkuk 'kq: fd;k rks
  • 6. Yksxksa us bldk [kwc fojks/k fd;kA ysfdu tSls&tSls mudh 巽flf) c<+rh xbZ yksx mudks Lohdkj djrs x,A vkt os flQZ tkxj gh ugha cfYd ekaxy] ikaMokuh] U;kSyh vkSj nwljs ikjaifjd xhr Hkh xkrh gSaA fiNys 20 lkyksa ls clarh fc"V ^ek臓 uank nsoh* ds tkxj dks ikjEifjd iks'kkd esa gh xkrh gSaA blds fy, og Lrqfr ds le; xk, tkus okys ^ik[kqyk* dks igurh gSaA ^ik[kqyk* ,d dkyk dacy gksrk gS ftls iguus esa yksxksa dks f>>d eglwl gksrh Fkh] ysfdu os bls cM+s lEeku ds lkFk igurh gSaA clarh dgrh gSa fd tkxj ,d ,slh fo/kk gS ftls de ls de ok| ;a=ksa ds lkFk xk;k tkrk gSA blesa MkSaj 村Me:遜] Fkkyh] gqM+dk tSls ok|;a= bLrseky gksrs gSaA tkxj xkrs le; MkSaj 村Me:遜 dks clarh fc"V [kqn gh ctkrh gSaA ;g ijaijk vkxs Hkh cuh jgs blds fy, og nwljh efgykvksa dks Hkh tkxj fl[kkrh gSaA foksk jkT; % mkjk[k.M Hkkjr ds mkj esa cls mkjk[k.M jkT; dkss nsoHkwfe Hkh dgk tkrk gSSA 9 uoacj] 2000 dks dbZ okksZa ds vkanksyu ds ipkr mkj iznsk jkT; ls vyx gksdj ,d u, jkT; dk mn; gqvk ftls Hkkjr x.kjkT; ds 27osa jkT; ds :i esa foLFkkfir fd;k x;kA lu 2000 ls 2006 rd ;g jkT; ^mkjkapy^ ds uke ls tkuk x;kA izkjafHkd fgUnw xzUFkksa vkSj izzkphu lkfgR; esa bldk mYys[k ^mkjk[k.M^ ds uke ls fd;k x;k gSA 1 tuojh] 2007 dks LFkkuh; yksxksa dh Hkkoukvksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, blds vkf/kdkfjd uke dks cnydj ^mkjk[k.M^ dj fn;k x;kA bl jkT; dh lhek,a mkj esa ^frCcr^ vkSj iwoZ esa ^usiky^ ls yxh gqbZ gSaA ifpe esa ^fgekpy iznsk^ vkSj nf{k.k esa ^mkj iznsk^ bldh lhek ls yxs jkT; gSaA laLd``r esa ^mkjk[k.M^ uke laLr kCnksa mkj 村mkj fnkk遜 vkSj [k.M 村Hkwfe遜 ls feydj cuk gS ftldk vFkZ mkjh {ks= ;k Hkkx gksrk gSA mkjk[kaM dk xkSjo'kkyh vrhr jgk gSA ;g egku lezkVksa] lkezkT;ksa tSls& dq'kul] dqfnul] dfu"d] leq脱xqIr] drqfjv] iyk'k] pU脱l vkSj ikojk dh mRifk vkSj fodkl dk ,d yack bfrgkl gSA ;gk臓 x<+okyh vkSj dqek臓uh nks eq[; {ks=h; Hkk"kk,臓 gSa] ysfdu lcls vf/kd cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk fgUnh gSA dqek臓uh vkSj x<+okyh cksfy;k臓 x<+oky vkSj dqek臓 {ks= esa cksyh tkrh gSaA if'pe vkSj mkj esa dqN vkfnoklh leqnk;ksa esa tkSulkjh vkSj HkksfV;k cksfy;k臓 cksyh tkrh gSaA mkjk[kaM viuh HkkSxksfyd lqnajrk ds fy, gh ugha cfYd viuh fofo/k lkaLfrd ijEijkvksa ds fy, Hkh tkuk tkrk gSA ;gk臓 dh laLfr] tu&ekul vkSj 巽fr ds vn~Hkqr rky&esy dk laxe gS] tks ;gk臓 ds flok dgha vkSj ns[kus dks ugha feyrh gSA gj lekt dh laLfr mlds fy, csgn [kkl gksrh gSA dqekauh laLfr ds vykok ;gka tksgkj dh laLfr dk Hkh viuk vyx ego gSA ;gka ds yksx fo'ks"k rjg dh iks'kkd vkSj vyx rjg ds vkHkw"k.kksa dks /kkj.k djrs gSaA mkjk[kaM dh laLfr esa ^'kkSdk lekt^ dk viuk LFkku jgk gSA lhekar fiFkkSjkx<+ ftys ds tksgkj&equL;kjh {ks= esa fuokl djus okys 'kkSdk lekt ds yksx viuh fof'k"V igpku j[krs gSaSA 'kkSdk lekt dh os'kHkw"kk vyx igpku j[krh gSA [kkl dj efgyk,a fo'ks"k rjg ds oL=] vkHkw"k.k vkfn /kkj.k djrh gSaA mPp fgeky; dh xksjh xaxk ?kkVh esa jgus okyh 'kkSdk lekt dh efgyk,a lkewfgd vk;kstu esa vkt Hkh tc viuh ikjaifjd os'kHkw"kk esa gksrh gSa vkSj lgt gh nwljksa dk /;ku viuh vksj [khap ysrh gSaA
  • 7. vkHkw"k.kksa dk mi;ksx gj lekt vkfn dky ls djrk vk;k gSA T;kj&equL;kj 村{ks=h; cksyh ds 'kCn遜 dh cksyh esa vkHkw"k.k ;k tsojkr dks ^gr&dku^ dgk tkrk gSA 'kkfCnd vFkZ ds vuqlkj bldk vk'k; gkFk o dku esa igus tkus okys 'kksHkk;eku oLrqvksa ls gSA 'kkSdk lekt esa mi;ksx gksus okys vkHkw"k.k gh ugha iqjkus le; esa nSfud thou esa 巽;ksx gksus okyh oLrq,a] dk"V&/kkrq ls fufeZr jlksbZ ds crZu vkfn Hkh fof'k"V gSaA nSoh; LFkyksa vkSj 巽kfrd /kjksgj ls lEiUu ;g {ks=] viuh yksd laLfr dks cM+h 'kkyhurk ds lkFk lgsts gq, gSA ;gk臓 ds mRloksa vkSj /kkfeZd lekjksgksa esa yksd laLfr ds fofHkUu jax ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA ;gk臓 ds yksd ok|] yksd xhr] yksd xk;u 'kSyh] yksd u`R;] fp= vFkok f'kYi cgqr le`) gaSA yksd xhrksa dh rjg gh ;gk臓 ds yksd u`R;ksa esa Hkh deky dh fofo/krk ns[kh tk ldrh gSA mkjk[kaM ds 巽kphu u`R;ksa esa eaMk.k lcls T;knk yksdf巽; gSA fookg ;k /kkfeZd vuq"Bku ds volj ij bldks xk臓o ds pkSd ;k eSnku ds chp esa vfXu 巽Tofyr dj vkSj lHkh ikjaifjd ;U=ksa 村<ksy neks] j.kflagk] Hkadksj遜 dks ctkdj] xhrksa ds }kjk nsoh& nsorkvksa dk vk尊oku djds euk;k tkrk gSA T;knkrj xhr egkHkkjr ds fofHkUu ?kVuk e ls lacaf/kr gksrs gaS] blds vykok yksd dFkkvksa ls tqM+s xhr Hkh xk, tkrs gaSA bl u`R; dks ik.Mo u`R; Hkh dgk tkrk gSA blds vfrfjDr mkjk[k.M esa FkfM+;k] pkSaQqyk] Nksfy;k] >qeSyks] rkanh] >ksM+k] Nisyh vkSj pk臓pjh vkfn dkQh izpfyr gSaA dqek臓 esa 'kqHk voljksa ij cukbZ tkus okyh fp=dyk 村jaxksyh遜 dks ,si.k ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA ,si.k dbZ rjg ds fMtkbuksa ls iw.kZ gksrk gSA ,si.k ds eq[; fMtkbu&pkS[kkus] pkSiM+] pk臓n] lwjt] LofLrd] x.ks'k] Qwy&ikh] claR/kkjs rFkk bLrseky ds crZu dk :ikadu vkfn 'kkfey gSaA ,si.k ds dqN fMtkbu voljksa ds vuqlkj Hkh gksrs gSaA mkjk[k.M jkT; i;ZVu dh n`fV ls Hkh cgqr le`) gSA ;g jkT; viuh izkd`frd lqanjrk] rhFkZLFky vkSj i;ZVd LFkyksa ds fy, tkuk tkrk gSA ifo=re ufn;ksa xaxk vkSj ;equk ds mn~xe LFky xaxks=h vkSj ;equks=h blh jkT; esa gSaA rhFkZ;k=k@i;ZVu ds 巽eq[k LFkku xaxks=h] ;equks=h] c脱hukFk] dsnkjukFk] gfj}kj] _f"kds'k] gsedqaM lkfgc] ukudekk] vkfn gSaA dSyk'k ekuljksoj dh ;k=k mkjk[k.M ds dqek臓 ls gh kq: gksrh gSA Qwyksa dh fo'o 巽fl) ?kkVh] fiaMkjh Xysf'k;j] :i dqaM] n;kjk cX;ky] vkSyh] elwjh] nsgjknwu] pdjkrk] uSuhrky] jkuh[ksr] ckxs'oj] Hkherky] dkSlkuh vkSj ykalMkmu bR;kfn igkM+h LVs'ku ,oa i;ZVd LFky gaSaA
  • 8. : laidZ% k"kk] lkfgR; ,oa laLfr 巽d即"B] bQdks lnu] lh&1] fMfLV捉DV lsaVj] lkdsr Iysl] ubZ fnYyh & 110 017 nwjHkkk% 011&42592791] 42592792 bZ&esy% nalinvikas@iffco.in, mkcohindi@iffco.in, bhasha@iffco.in, sahitya@iffco.in eq>dks ;kn fd;k tk,xk vk臓lw tc lEekfur gksaxs eq>dks ;kn fd;k tk,xk tgk臓 巽se dk ppkZ gksxk esjk uke fy;k tk,xkA eku&i= eSa ugha fy[k ldk jktHkou ds lEekuksa dk eSa rks vkf'kd jgk tue ls lqanjrk ds nhokuksa dk ysfdu Fkk ekywe ugha ;s dsoy bl xyrh ds dkj.k lkjh mez HkVdus okyk] eq>dks 'kki fn;k tk,xkA f[kyus dks rS;kj ugha Fkha rqylh Hkh ftuds vk臓xu esa eSaus Hkj&Hkj fn, flrkjs muds eVeSys nkeu esa ihM+k ds lax jkl jpk;k vk臓[k Hkjh rks >weds xk;k tSls eSa th fy;k fdlh ls D;k bl rjg ft;k tk,xk dkO; eksrh % J)katfy% xksiky nkl uhjt tUe % 4 tuojh] 1925 e`R;q % 19 tqykbZ] 2018 dkty vkSj dVk{kksa ij rks jh> jgh Fkh nqfu;k lkjh eSaus fdarq cjlus okyh vk臓[kksa dh vkjrh mrkjh jax mM+ x, lc lrjaxh rkj&rkj gj lk臓l gks xbZ QVk gqvk ;g dqrkZ vc rks T;knk ugha fl;k tk,xk tc Hkh dksbZ liuk VwVk esjh vk臓[k ogk臓 cjlh gS rM+ik gw臓 eSa tc Hkh dksbZ eNyh ikuh dks rjlh gS] xhr nnZ dk igyk csVk nq[k gS mldk [ksy f[kykSuk dfork rc ehjk gksxh tc g臓ldj tgj fi;k tk,xkA gjsyk yksdioZ mkjk[kaM esa euk, tkus okys yksd&R;ksgkjksa esa ,d 巽eq[k R;ksgkj gS gjsykA ;g yksdioZ gj lky ^ddZ lakafr* dks euk;k tkrk gSA vaxzsth rkjh[k ds vuqlkj] ;g R;ksgkj gj o"kZ lksyg tqykbZ dks gksrk gSA fgUnw iapkax ds vuqlkj] tc lw;Z feFkqu jkf'k ls ddZ jkf'k esa 巽os'k djrk gS] rks mls ddZ lakafr dgrs gSaA frfFk&{k; ;k frfFk&o`f) ds dkj.k gh ;g ioZ ,d fnu vkxs&ihNs gks tkrk gSA bl ioZ ds fy, vkB&nl fnu igys ?kjksa esa iwtk LFkku ij fdlh txg ;k NksVh Mfy;ksa esa fe棚h fcNk dj lkr 巽dkj ds cht tSls& xsgw臓] tkS] ew臓x] mM+n] Hkq棚k] xgr] ljlksa vkfn cksrs gSa vkSj ukS fnuksa rd mlesa ty vkfn Mkyrs gSaA gj fnu budh xqM+kbZ vkSj gjsys ds fnu bldh dVkbZ dh tkrh gSA ;g dk;Z ?kj ds cM+s cqtqxZ ;k iafMr djrs gSaA bl ioZ ds nkSjku dbZ rjg ds idoku curs gSaA lHkh lkr 巽dkj ds chtksa ls vadqfjr gjs&ihys jax ds frudksa dks nsorkvksa dks vfiZr djus ds ckn ?kj ds lHkh yksxksa ds lj ij ;k dku ds ij j[kk tkrk gSA ?kj ds njoktksa ds nksuksa vksj ;k ij Hkh xkscj ls bu frudksa dks ltk;k tkrk gSA bl yksd& R;ksgkj vkSj ijEijk dk laca/k moZjrk] [kq'kgkyh] uo&thou vkSj fodkl ls tqM+k gSA dq臓okjh csfV;ka cM+s yksxkas dks fiB樽k 村jksyh遜 v{kr ls Vhdk djrh gSa vkSj HksaVLo#i dqN #i, ikrh gSaA cM+s yksx vius ls NksVs yksxksa dks bl 巽dkj vk'khokZn nsrs gSaA bl ekSds ij nh?kkZ;q] cqf)eku vkSj 'kf辰eku gksus dk vk'khokZn vkSj 'kqHkdkeuk ls vksr巽ksr yksdxhr xk;k tkrk gS% th j;k tkfx j;k vkdk'k tl mPp] /kjrh tl pkdo gS t;k L;koS d tl cqf)] lwjt tl rjk.k gS tkS fly filh Hkkr [kk;k] tk臓fB Vsfd HkSj t;k nwc tl QSfy t;k--- bl xhr dk vFkZ gS% ^^thrs jgks tkx`r jgksA vkdk'k tSlh 臓pkbZ] /kjrh tSlk foLrkj] fl;kj dh lh cqf)] lw;Z tSlh 'kf辰 巽kIr djksA vk;q bruh nh?kZ gks fd pkoy Hkh fly esa ihl ds [kk,a vkSj ckgj tkus dks ykBh dk lgkjk yks] nwc dh rjg QSyksA^^