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GT1 Introduction.PPT

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Kyaw Tun
Kyaw Tun

This document provides an introduction to marine gas turbines. It outlines some key safety information and the objectives and structure of the gas turbine course. It then describes the basic components and cycles of gas turbines, including variants like turbojets, turbofans, and turboprops. The document discusses advantages like high power-to-weight ratio and disadvantages like requiring high-quality fuel. It also outlines concepts like reheat, heat exchange, and pressure losses. Examples of marine gas turbines are provided like the Olympus and comparisons are made to steam and diesel cycles.

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INTRODUCTION TO MARINE GAS TURBINES GAS TURBINES (GT1) (Chapter 1) Mr Ian Cairney Revised: 10 June 06
2 Safety and awareness information Trainee heads are situated in the East Passageway. Fire alarms are tested every Monday during morning stand easy, no action to be taken. This is a No Smoking building, smoking is permitted outside in the entrance to the main engine cell, east end. All accidents are to be reported, no matter how minor. Watt hangar manager holds the accident book. Access to the control room is restricted unless there is a member of staff in attendance. DO NOT walk in front of the control panel when in use.
3 Access to the Engine Cells is restricted unless accompanied by a member of staff, and the engines are inhibited. Telephones are located within the building, in the common room, and Raper and Spey control rooms. Emergency telephone number is 2222. Any Questions?
GT1 Introduction.PPT
2 394
SEMC Gas Turbines: - The Course GT1 INTRODUCTION GT2 COMPRESSORS & INTERNAL AIR SYSTEM GT3 M ENGINE CONSTRUCTION, PROPULSION SYSTEMS. INTRO TO TYNE / OLYMPUS GT 7 ON ENGINE AUXILLIARIES GT 8 GTCU LUBE OIL SYSTEM GT 9 GT DOWNTAKES, UPTAKES & MODULE SYSTEMS GT 10 DRY & WET MOTORING (Test Cycles)
The Course Continued GT 11 START, RUN, STOP. DUTY WATCH GT 13 M 1st. PRACTICAL FLASH-UP GT 19 COMBUSTION SYSTEMS GT 20 ENGINE USEAGE GT 21 M TYNE / OLYMPUS FUEL CONTROL GT 25 M 2nd. PRACTICAL FLASH-UP GT 29 3rd. PRACTICAL FLASH-UP Overalls & Steaming Boots Required. End of course EXAM
OBJECTIVES Define the meaning of gas turbine Identify the major components of a gas turbine Describe the various forms of aero and marine gas turbine Explain the form of the gas turbine cycle on a T-s chart and compare it with the steam and diesel cycle Describe various additions to the simple gas turbine cycle Explain the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine propulsion
GAS TURBINES A self contained heat engine using a continuous flow of gas as the working fluid - compressing it, heating it, and expanding it through one or more turbines, producing a net output of energy in a useable form.
RAM JET ENGINE
DO WE HAVE A NAVAL USE FOR THE RAM JET ??? YES WE DO !!!
Sea Dart Missile Rolls Royce ODIN RAMJET
IF YOU WANT A SIMPLE, RELIABLE JET ENGINE, THAT CAN BE CHEAPLY MANUFACTURED FROM STEEL PRESSINGS AND WILL RUN ON SYNTHETIC FUEL THEN WHAT ABOUT. THE PULSE JET ????
Argus Pulse Jet Engine. The Intake showing Air Inlet Shutters
V1 Flying Bomb (Buzzbomb Doodlebug) - the most Infamous use of the Pulse Jet Engine.
It was very simple and cheap to build but wasnt very accurate and needed launch ramp with rails. Later versions were air launched.
V1 Flying Bomb The First Cruise Missile
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN You Detonate Nearly ONE Tonne of High Explosive at Ground Level on a Civilian Target ??? (Not something that you deal with every day in the Navy, BUT, Something That You May Well have to deal with during Your Career - ie TERRORISM)
Unwin Road, Peckham, South London, August 1944
Gypsy Road, Lewisham, South London, 1944
Do we still use the Pulse Jet Engine?
And The Modern Version of the V1 Buzzbomb?
Simplicity Itself
BASIC OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE 1 4 3 2 Air Exhaust Gas Combustion Chamber Fuel Gas Generator Compressor HP Turbine ~ 66% Power Output ~ 33% Power Output
GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Gas Generator Shaft
Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Output Shaft Gas Generator Shaft
Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Output Shaft Gas Generator Shaft
Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Exhaust Duct Exhaust Volute Output Shaft Gas Generator Shaft
Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Exhaust Duct Exhaust Volute Output Shaft Accessory Gearbox Gas Generator Shaft
GAS TURBINE BASICS Accessory Drives Inlet Gearbox Transverse Gearbox
GAS TURBINE BASICS Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox
GAS TURBINE BASICS Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox Air Starter
GAS TURBINE BASICS Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox Air Starter HP Fuel Pump
GAS TURBINE BASICS Accessories It wont run without them !! Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox Air Starter Fuel Controller HP Fuel Pump
Typical MARINE GAS TURBINE Installation Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Exhaust Duct Exhaust Volute Output Shaft Accessory Gearbox Gas Generator Shaft
GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBOJET Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC
ENGLISHELECTRIC LIGHTNING The RAFs only true supersonic jet.
GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBO FAN (DUCTED FAN) Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC By Pass Air
TRISTAR
GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBO FAN (BY PASS) Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC Low Temp High Mass
PHANTOM
GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBO SHAFT or TURBOPROP Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC Rotor Epicyclic Gearbox Free Power Turbine
TURBOPROP (Turbo-propeller) -- Lockheed C130 Hercules
SIMPLE SINGLE SPOOL MARINE PROPULSION GAS TURBINE Air 1 4 3 2 5 Output Shaft Exhaust Gas Fuel Gas Generator Power Turbine Compressor HP Turbine Combustion Chambers
General Electric LM 2500
TWIN SPOOL MARINE PROPULSION GAS TURBINE Air 1 4 3 2 5 Output Shaft Exhaust Gas Combustion Chambers Fuel Gas Generator Power Turbine 6 7 LP Comp HP Comp LP Turbine HP Turbine
Olympus 593 Concorde Engine This one DOESNT Power Warships!!!!
152 THIS ONE DOES!!! The RR. Marine Olympus TMB3
TURBINE GAS CYCLE EFFICIENCY s T 3 1 2 4 W KW Heat in Ttr5t4`32tu T = Temp S = entropy (available energy)
MARINE GAS TURBINE PRESSURE LOSSES a All pressure losses absorb useful work output S Highlight 1.8 T 3 1 2 4 P atmos P sub atmos P abv atmos CC Losses Uptake Losses Intake Losses
4 1 3 5 2 6 s T 6 4 3 5 1 2 Heat Exchange HEAT EXCHANGE
RE-HEAT T 1 4 3 5 2 6 s 6 4 3 5 1 2 4
RE-HEAT & HEAT EXCHANGE 1 6 7 2 8 s T Heat Exchange 4 5 3 6 4 3 5 2 4 1 7 8
ADVANTAGES High power/weight ratio Quick start up capability and rapid response to changes in power demand Comparatively low development cost Low on board maintenance requirements Ease of upkeep by exchange of critical parts Reduced watch keeping manpower Good SFC at high power Availability Reduced underwater noise (fewer hull openings) Operational flexibility (choice of propulsion configuration with 4 main engines)
DISADVANTAGES Unidirectional - need CPP/reversing gearbox High quality fuel required Good air quality required - hence a complex air filtration system needed Installation - large intake & exhaust ducting needed with implications for hull strength, internal volume & WT integrity IR signature High unit costs High cost of running & maintaining shore support infrastructure Poor fuel consumption at part load Poor Fuel Combustion at Low Speeds - SMOKE ! Increased number of prime movers on GT warships
OBJECTIVES Define the meaning of gas turbine Identify the major components of a gas turbine Describe the various forms of aero and marine gas turbine Explain the form of the gas turbine cycle on a T-s chart and compare it with the steam and diesel cycle Describe various additions to the simple gas turbine cycle Explain the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine propulsion
REFERENCES Course notes (Chapter 1) Gas Turbine Theory, Cohen, Rogers, Saravanamuttoo, 3 ed, Wiley 1987 Applied Thermodynamics, Eastop & McConkey, 2 ed, Longman, 1970
QUESTIONS ?
What Can I Expect in the Exam?? DRAW A Gas Turbine T S DIAGRAM. SHOW INTAKE, COMBUSTION CHAMBER and EXHAUST LOSSES. Explain why the power output of a gas turbine is improved by increasing T Max
MARINE GAS TURBINE PRESSURE LOSSES a An increased T Max will give a longer expansion stage, this will increase the power output. s T 3 1 2 4 P atmos P sub atmos P abv atmos CC Losses Uptake Losses Intake Losses

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GT1 Introduction.PPT

  • 1. INTRODUCTION TO MARINE GAS TURBINES GAS TURBINES (GT1) (Chapter 1) Mr Ian Cairney Revised: 10 June 06
  • 2. 2 Safety and awareness information Trainee heads are situated in the East Passageway. Fire alarms are tested every Monday during morning stand easy, no action to be taken. This is a No Smoking building, smoking is permitted outside in the entrance to the main engine cell, east end. All accidents are to be reported, no matter how minor. Watt hangar manager holds the accident book. Access to the control room is restricted unless there is a member of staff in attendance. DO NOT walk in front of the control panel when in use.
  • 3. 3 Access to the Engine Cells is restricted unless accompanied by a member of staff, and the engines are inhibited. Telephones are located within the building, in the common room, and Raper and Spey control rooms. Emergency telephone number is 2222. Any Questions?
  • 6. SEMC Gas Turbines: - The Course GT1 INTRODUCTION GT2 COMPRESSORS & INTERNAL AIR SYSTEM GT3 M ENGINE CONSTRUCTION, PROPULSION SYSTEMS. INTRO TO TYNE / OLYMPUS GT 7 ON ENGINE AUXILLIARIES GT 8 GTCU LUBE OIL SYSTEM GT 9 GT DOWNTAKES, UPTAKES & MODULE SYSTEMS GT 10 DRY & WET MOTORING (Test Cycles)
  • 7. The Course Continued GT 11 START, RUN, STOP. DUTY WATCH GT 13 M 1st. PRACTICAL FLASH-UP GT 19 COMBUSTION SYSTEMS GT 20 ENGINE USEAGE GT 21 M TYNE / OLYMPUS FUEL CONTROL GT 25 M 2nd. PRACTICAL FLASH-UP GT 29 3rd. PRACTICAL FLASH-UP Overalls & Steaming Boots Required. End of course EXAM
  • 8. OBJECTIVES Define the meaning of gas turbine Identify the major components of a gas turbine Describe the various forms of aero and marine gas turbine Explain the form of the gas turbine cycle on a T-s chart and compare it with the steam and diesel cycle Describe various additions to the simple gas turbine cycle Explain the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine propulsion
  • 9. GAS TURBINES A self contained heat engine using a continuous flow of gas as the working fluid - compressing it, heating it, and expanding it through one or more turbines, producing a net output of energy in a useable form.
  • 11. DO WE HAVE A NAVAL USE FOR THE RAM JET ??? YES WE DO !!!
  • 12. Sea Dart Missile Rolls Royce ODIN RAMJET
  • 13. IF YOU WANT A SIMPLE, RELIABLE JET ENGINE, THAT CAN BE CHEAPLY MANUFACTURED FROM STEEL PRESSINGS AND WILL RUN ON SYNTHETIC FUEL THEN WHAT ABOUT. THE PULSE JET ????
  • 14. Argus Pulse Jet Engine. The Intake showing Air Inlet Shutters
  • 15. V1 Flying Bomb (Buzzbomb Doodlebug) - the most Infamous use of the Pulse Jet Engine.
  • 16. It was very simple and cheap to build but wasnt very accurate and needed launch ramp with rails. Later versions were air launched.
  • 17. V1 Flying Bomb The First Cruise Missile
  • 18. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN You Detonate Nearly ONE Tonne of High Explosive at Ground Level on a Civilian Target ??? (Not something that you deal with every day in the Navy, BUT, Something That You May Well have to deal with during Your Career - ie TERRORISM)
  • 19. Unwin Road, Peckham, South London, August 1944
  • 20. Gypsy Road, Lewisham, South London, 1944
  • 21. Do we still use the Pulse Jet Engine?
  • 22. And The Modern Version of the V1 Buzzbomb?
  • 24. BASIC OPEN CYCLE GAS TURBINE 1 4 3 2 Air Exhaust Gas Combustion Chamber Fuel Gas Generator Compressor HP Turbine ~ 66% Power Output ~ 33% Power Output
  • 26. Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Output Shaft Gas Generator Shaft
  • 27. Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Output Shaft Gas Generator Shaft
  • 28. Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Exhaust Duct Exhaust Volute Output Shaft Gas Generator Shaft
  • 29. Marine GAS TURBINE BASICS Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Exhaust Duct Exhaust Volute Output Shaft Accessory Gearbox Gas Generator Shaft
  • 30. GAS TURBINE BASICS Accessory Drives Inlet Gearbox Transverse Gearbox
  • 31. GAS TURBINE BASICS Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox
  • 32. GAS TURBINE BASICS Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox Air Starter
  • 33. GAS TURBINE BASICS Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox Air Starter HP Fuel Pump
  • 34. GAS TURBINE BASICS Accessories It wont run without them !! Inlet Gearbox Accessory Gearbox Transverse Gearbox Air Starter Fuel Controller HP Fuel Pump
  • 35. Typical MARINE GAS TURBINE Installation Compressor Combustor Turbine Power Turbine Inlet Duct (Plenum) Exhaust Duct Exhaust Volute Output Shaft Accessory Gearbox Gas Generator Shaft
  • 36. GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBOJET Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC
  • 37. ENGLISHELECTRIC LIGHTNING The RAFs only true supersonic jet.
  • 38. GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBO FAN (DUCTED FAN) Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC By Pass Air
  • 40. GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBO FAN (BY PASS) Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC Low Temp High Mass
  • 42. GAS TURBINE VARIANTS TURBO SHAFT or TURBOPROP Air Exhaust Gas Compressor Turbine CC CC Rotor Epicyclic Gearbox Free Power Turbine
  • 44. SIMPLE SINGLE SPOOL MARINE PROPULSION GAS TURBINE Air 1 4 3 2 5 Output Shaft Exhaust Gas Fuel Gas Generator Power Turbine Compressor HP Turbine Combustion Chambers
  • 46. TWIN SPOOL MARINE PROPULSION GAS TURBINE Air 1 4 3 2 5 Output Shaft Exhaust Gas Combustion Chambers Fuel Gas Generator Power Turbine 6 7 LP Comp HP Comp LP Turbine HP Turbine
  • 47. Olympus 593 Concorde Engine This one DOESNT Power Warships!!!!
  • 48. 152 THIS ONE DOES!!! The RR. Marine Olympus TMB3
  • 49. TURBINE GAS CYCLE EFFICIENCY s T 3 1 2 4 W KW Heat in Ttr5t4`32tu T = Temp S = entropy (available energy)
  • 50. MARINE GAS TURBINE PRESSURE LOSSES a All pressure losses absorb useful work output S Highlight 1.8 T 3 1 2 4 P atmos P sub atmos P abv atmos CC Losses Uptake Losses Intake Losses
  • 53. RE-HEAT & HEAT EXCHANGE 1 6 7 2 8 s T Heat Exchange 4 5 3 6 4 3 5 2 4 1 7 8
  • 54. ADVANTAGES High power/weight ratio Quick start up capability and rapid response to changes in power demand Comparatively low development cost Low on board maintenance requirements Ease of upkeep by exchange of critical parts Reduced watch keeping manpower Good SFC at high power Availability Reduced underwater noise (fewer hull openings) Operational flexibility (choice of propulsion configuration with 4 main engines)
  • 55. DISADVANTAGES Unidirectional - need CPP/reversing gearbox High quality fuel required Good air quality required - hence a complex air filtration system needed Installation - large intake & exhaust ducting needed with implications for hull strength, internal volume & WT integrity IR signature High unit costs High cost of running & maintaining shore support infrastructure Poor fuel consumption at part load Poor Fuel Combustion at Low Speeds - SMOKE ! Increased number of prime movers on GT warships
  • 56. OBJECTIVES Define the meaning of gas turbine Identify the major components of a gas turbine Describe the various forms of aero and marine gas turbine Explain the form of the gas turbine cycle on a T-s chart and compare it with the steam and diesel cycle Describe various additions to the simple gas turbine cycle Explain the advantages and disadvantages of gas turbine propulsion
  • 57. REFERENCES Course notes (Chapter 1) Gas Turbine Theory, Cohen, Rogers, Saravanamuttoo, 3 ed, Wiley 1987 Applied Thermodynamics, Eastop & McConkey, 2 ed, Longman, 1970
  • 59. What Can I Expect in the Exam?? DRAW A Gas Turbine T S DIAGRAM. SHOW INTAKE, COMBUSTION CHAMBER and EXHAUST LOSSES. Explain why the power output of a gas turbine is improved by increasing T Max
  • 60. MARINE GAS TURBINE PRESSURE LOSSES a An increased T Max will give a longer expansion stage, this will increase the power output. s T 3 1 2 4 P atmos P sub atmos P abv atmos CC Losses Uptake Losses Intake Losses