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Layers of the Earth
Created by Marie @ The Homeschool Daily

What do scientists use to
understand the interior of the
Earth?
• Scientists record and study seismic waves to help
them understand the interior of the Earth.
• Seismic waves are caused by earthquakes, explosions,
and ocean movements.
P-wave S-wave

There are two types of seismic
waves.
• Shear wave (s-wave) which won’t travel
through liquids
• Pressure wave (p-wave) which moves
through liquids and solids

P waves travel
through solid and
liquid, but S waves do
not travel through
liquid. By observing
seismic waves,
scientists deducted
that Earth's outer
core is liquid.

What are the layers of the Earth?
• Through studying
seismic waves,
scientists have
determined 5
distinctive layers.
• Crust
• Upper Mantle
• Lower Mantle
• Outer Core
• Inner Core

What is the crust?
• It is either
continental
crust or
oceanic
crust
• Temperature
is around
22 C
• The solid outer layer of the Earth that we
live on
• It is the thinnest layer

What is Continental Crust?
• Continental crust is the ground we walk on
• 8km to 70km thick
• Mostly made of granite

What is Oceanic Crust?
• Oceanic crust is land under the oceans
• 8km thick
• More dense than continental crust due to
pressure compacting it
• Mainly made of basalt

What is the upper mantle?
• Temperature:
1,400 – 3,000 C
• It is more solid near the surface since
temperatures are cooler.
• As depth increases, it is molten rock or
magma.
• Its texture is like a thick fluid
Includes distinctive
regions: lithosphere and
asthenosphere

What is the lithosphere?
• It is the solid rock layer at the top of the
Earth.
• It includes the crust and the top part of the
upper mantle.

What is the asthenosphere?
• This is the more pliable layer under the
lithosphere.
• It is thought to be molten rock, or magma
• Convection currents in this layer are
thought to move the solid rock above it

What is the lower mantle?
• Surrounds the
outer core
• The rock is hot
enough to melt,
but is solid
because of the
immense
pressure
• Temperature
3,000 C

What is the outer core?
• Liquid layer of iron,
nickel, sulphur, and
oxygen around the
inner core
• Its movement
around the inner
core is thought to
create our planet’s
magnetic field
• Temperature 4,000
– 6,000 C

What is the inner core?
• Hot dense ball of
mostly iron
• It is spinning
• Hot enough to melt
metal, but stays a
solid due to the
immense pressure
surrounding it
• Temperature 5,000
to 6,000 C
• 2500 km wide

Let’s REVIEW what we learned!

Can you identify the layers?
1.)
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)

1.) Inner Core
2.)
3.)
4.)
5.)

1.) Inner Core
2.) Outer Core
3.)
4.)
5.)

1.) Inner Core
2.) Outer Core
3.) Crust
4.)
5.)

1.) Inner Core
2.) Outer Core
3.) Crust
4.) Upper Mantle
5.)

1.) Inner Core
2.) Outer Core
3.) Crust
4.) Upper Mantle
5.) Lower Mantle

Can you identify the layer?
A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
6.) This layer is hotter than
the upper mantle but is solid
due to the immense amount
of pressure.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
7.) This layer can be
continental or oceanic.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
8.) This layer is a dense solid
ball made of iron.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
9.) This layer is solid and the
thinnest layer. It is the one
we walk on.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
10.) This layer contains
magma. It has a texture of
thick liquid.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
11.) This liquid layer surrounds
the inner core.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
11.) This layer is solid and the
thinnest layer. It is the one
we walk on.

A.) CRUST
B.) UPPER MANTLE
C.) LOWER MANTLE
D.) OUTER CORE
E.) INNER CORE
12.) This layer is primarily
made up of granite and
basalt.

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