Optical Fibre Network Design and Optical Noise
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Optical fiber network design involves planning the network route, choosing transmission equipment, and accounting for optical noise. Key factors in the design include the distance and bandwidth needs, fiber type, and wavelength. Specialized processes are required for a successful installation, including documentation of cable paths, splices, and connections. Testing is done multiple times to check for issues. Planning is also required for restoration against faults and reducing noise through techniques like minimizing losses and stabilizing temperatures.
Optical Fibre Network Design and Optical Noise
- 3. OPTICAL FIBER NETWORK DESIGN AND OPTICAL NOISE
- 4. Contents Introduction Copper, fiber or wireless Choosing transmission equipment Planning the route Choosing components Link power budget Documentation Planning for install Developing for test plan Planning for restoration What is noise in optical fiber Disadvantages of noise Method to reduce noise
- 5. Introduction Specialized processes leading to a successful installation and operation It includes determining the type of communication system(s) which will be carried over the network, the geographic layout, the transmission equipment required. We can consider actual component selection, placement, installation practices, testing, troubleshooting and network equipment installation and startup.
- 6. Copper, fiber or wireless Designing long distance or outside plant applications Cabling containing single mode (SM) fiber over all other media. Two buildings on opposite sides of a highway, a wireless network may be easier to use since they have lower cost of installation Telco systems that still use copper CATV companies use a high performance coax into the home, but it connects to a fiber optic backbone.
- 7. Choosing transmission equipment The distance and bandwidth Shorter telecom links will use 1310 nm lasers on regular single mode fiber Longer links will use operation with 1550 nm lasers
- 8. Planning The Route Physical locations Architectural drawings(premises) Local building codes Google Maps(OSP) Approval by local, state and federal authorities
- 9. Link power budget Link Loss Budget(expected loss of the cable plant ) Loss budget analysis (routing, circuit length, fiber type, connectors and splices, wavelengths) Attenuation Multimode fiber bandwidth
- 10. Documentation Every thing should be documented Estimating, purchase, installation and future reference. Save time Easier rerouting Paths, Cable, Splice , termination points, connections
- 11. Planning for install Critical phase Checklist Inspection Schedule
- 12. Developing for test plan Testing three times Cost of installation is high Standard test procedure OFSTP-14 Splices testing Cable testing
- 13. Planning for restoration Geographic diversity Good documentation should developed OTDR (optical time-domain reflectometer ) Fusion splicer
- 14. Noise in optical fiber Backbone of the communications infrastructure. Voice and data (internet) traffic is routed through terrestrial and submarine link. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology Noise inherent part of all systems Nonlinearity of the optical fiber Micro and Macro bending.
- 16. Types of noise Laser noise Quantum noise Shot noise Thermal noise Dark current noise White noise
- 17. Disadvantages Error in data detection Delay in transmission Decrease in efficiency Increase in circuit complexity Sensitivity
- 18. Methods to reduce noise By increasing the intracavity power level By minimizing optical losses. By building a stable laser resonator By temperature stabilization By using a low-noise pump source
- 20. ?
Editor's Notes
- #9: The actual placement of thecable plant will be determined by the physicallocations along the route, local building codes or lawsand other individuals involved in the designs.Premises installations can be simpler since thephysical area involved is smaller and the optionsfewer. Start with a good set of architectural drawings and, if possible, contact thearchitect, contractor and/or building manager.Outside plant (OSP) cabling installations have enormous variety depending on the routethe cable must take. The route may cross long lengths of open fields, run along pavedrural or urban roads, cross roads, ravines, rivers or lakes, or, more likely, somecombination of all of these.With a good map. Notjust a road map or a topographical map, but satellite images overlaid on roads is muchbetter, like Google Maps can provide. Creating a route map is the first step, notingother utilities along the route on that map, and checking with groups that document thecurrent utilities to prevent contractors from damaging currently installed pipes andcables.Once you have marked up maps, the real fun begins: finding out whose permissionyou need to run your cabling. OSP installs are subject to approval by local, state andfederal authorities who will influence heavily how your project is designed.Since many municipalities have installed city-owned fiber networks,they may have fiber you can rent, rather than go through the hassle of installing yourown.