Making of Modern Britain Women and equality

Mar 30, 2016Download as pptx, pdf

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The document discusses the history of the women's liberation movement and gender equality. It outlines the demands of the Women's Liberation Movement in the 1960s, which included equal pay, access to contraception and abortion, and equal opportunities in education and jobs. While companionate marriage aimed to consider women's domestic burdens more, husbands were often unwilling to accommodate their wives' needs. The document also notes that gender inequality in employment has declined, with women now making up half the workforce, though certain industries remain male-dominated.

Women and
equality
N C Gardner
30/03/2016 Women and equality 1

The demands of the Women’s
Liberation Movement
1. Equal pay
2. Free oral contraception
and abortion on
request
3. Equal educational and
job opportunities
4. Free 24-hour childcare
30/03/2016 Women and equality 2

A typical family of the 1960s
30/03/2016 Women and equality 3

Companionate marriage
• More consideration on the part of the
husband towards burdens of childcare
and running a home.
• However, there is little evidence that
husbands were really willing to
accommodate themselves to the needs of
their wives.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 4

Gender inequality in employment
• During the 30 years from 1980 the number of
female workers in the UK rose by 2.45 million,
whereas the number of male workers rose by
only 0.5 million.
• There were a similar number of men and
women in work by 2008 – 13.6 million of each
sex – compared with 1985, when men filled two
million jobs more jobs than women.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 6

Gender bias in industry
• Certain industries are still under-represented
by women. The majority of Members of
Parliament, Cabinet Ministers and directors of
the FTSE 100 top companies are men. For
example from 2003 to 2007, this remained the
case.
• In 2007 women accounted for 19.3% of MPs;
26.1% of Cabinet Ministers and 11.0% of FTSE
100 directors.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 8

The Second Sex by Simone de
Beauvoir
• In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir writes:
• “History has shown us that men have always kept in
their hands all concrete powers; since the earliest
days of the patriarchate they have thought best to
keep woman in a state of dependence; their codes
of law have been set up against her; and thus she
has been definitely established as the Other.”
30/03/2016 Women and equality 10

However …
• The power dynamics in Western societies,
including in Britain, are shifting. Women now make
up the MAJORITY of the workforce of the United
Kingdom and the United States.
• Feminisation of the workplace, society and values
has taken place.
• Traditional male characteristics such as competition
and aggression are now viewed negatively.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 12

However …
• It could be argued that the public sphere of the
workplace is now a female-dominated area.
• In professional schools, university and
management the majority of people are now
female.
• The largest number of unemployed people are
men which has vast social consequences
including a lack of traditional husbands.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 14

However …
• The key element in women outperforming men
in the professions and management is the
larger number of women gaining university
degrees compared with men.
• Girls outperform boys at school and college.
Various reasons suggested include the greater
engagement, focus and social intelligence of
girls.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 16

Male insecurity
• Increasingly in recent decades male insecurity
has come to the fore. For example, the sale of
male grooming products has soared in the last
30 years.
• Male waxing is now commonplace and
cosmetic surgery for men is increasing.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 18

Politics, CEOs, the military still male-dominated
• The majority of candidates for political office are men;
the majority of people who start businesses are men;
the majority of the armed forces and the police are
men.
• In computer science, maths and engineering the
overwhelming majority of graduates and professionals
in these areas are men.
• However, the dominant contemporary cultural message
is ‘women are wonderful’; ‘Girl Power’.
30/03/2016 Women and equality 20

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The document discusses the impact and legacy of British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. It notes that Thatcher had a distinctive leadership style and policy agenda of her own, in contrast to previous post-war Prime Ministers who largely followed their party's objectives. Thatcher pursued free market economic reforms like privatization, tax cuts, and curbing trade union power. While controversial, her policies are credited with improving Britain's economic growth and productivity performance during the 1980s.

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Making of Modern Britain Women and equality

1. Women and equality N C Gardner 30/03/2016 Women and equality 1

2. The demands of the Women’s Liberation Movement 1. Equal pay 2. Free oral contraception and abortion on request 3. Equal educational and job opportunities 4. Free 24-hour childcare 30/03/2016 Women and equality 2

3. A typical family of the 1960s 30/03/2016 Women and equality 3

4. Companionate marriage • More consideration on the part of the husband towards burdens of childcare and running a home. • However, there is little evidence that husbands were really willing to accommodate themselves to the needs of their wives. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 4

5. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 5

6. Gender inequality in employment • During the 30 years from 1980 the number of female workers in the UK rose by 2.45 million, whereas the number of male workers rose by only 0.5 million. • There were a similar number of men and women in work by 2008 – 13.6 million of each sex – compared with 1985, when men filled two million jobs more jobs than women. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 6

7. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 7

8. Gender bias in industry • Certain industries are still under-represented by women. The majority of Members of Parliament, Cabinet Ministers and directors of the FTSE 100 top companies are men. For example from 2003 to 2007, this remained the case. • In 2007 women accounted for 19.3% of MPs; 26.1% of Cabinet Ministers and 11.0% of FTSE 100 directors. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 8

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10. The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir • In The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir writes: • “History has shown us that men have always kept in their hands all concrete powers; since the earliest days of the patriarchate they have thought best to keep woman in a state of dependence; their codes of law have been set up against her; and thus she has been definitely established as the Other.” 30/03/2016 Women and equality 10

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12. However … • The power dynamics in Western societies, including in Britain, are shifting. Women now make up the MAJORITY of the workforce of the United Kingdom and the United States. • Feminisation of the workplace, society and values has taken place. • Traditional male characteristics such as competition and aggression are now viewed negatively. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 12

13. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 13

14. However … • It could be argued that the public sphere of the workplace is now a female-dominated area. • In professional schools, university and management the majority of people are now female. • The largest number of unemployed people are men which has vast social consequences including a lack of traditional husbands. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 14

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16. However … • The key element in women outperforming men in the professions and management is the larger number of women gaining university degrees compared with men. • Girls outperform boys at school and college. Various reasons suggested include the greater engagement, focus and social intelligence of girls. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 16

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18. Male insecurity • Increasingly in recent decades male insecurity has come to the fore. For example, the sale of male grooming products has soared in the last 30 years. • Male waxing is now commonplace and cosmetic surgery for men is increasing. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 18

19. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 19

20. Politics, CEOs, the military still male-dominated • The majority of candidates for political office are men; the majority of people who start businesses are men; the majority of the armed forces and the police are men. • In computer science, maths and engineering the overwhelming majority of graduates and professionals in these areas are men. • However, the dominant contemporary cultural message is ‘women are wonderful’; ‘Girl Power’. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 20

21. 30/03/2016 Women and equality 21

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Making of Modern Britain Women and equality

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