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Air Conditioning system and types

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Omar Arshad

The document discusses different types of air conditioning systems. It begins with introductions to air conditioning principles and the cooling cycle. It then describes four main types of air conditioning systems: window units, split systems, centralized systems, and packaged units. Window units have all components in one casing, while split systems separate indoor and outdoor components. Centralized systems serve whole homes through ductwork. Packaged units can cool entire buildings and contain heating systems.

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Presentation Air Conditioning System & types
Im going to discuses Introduction Principles of air-conditioning Cooling cycle Type of air-conditioning Application
INTRODUCTION Definition - Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air to more favorable conditions. The control of these conditions may be desirable to maintain the health and comfort of the occupants, or to meet the requirements of industrial processes irrespective of the external climatic conditions
PRINCIPLES OF AIR- CONDITIONING The low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat as it vaporizes in the evaporator coils. The process described above is the AIR-CONDITIONING System. It is the system on which virtually all modern Air- Conditioning and refrigeration is based.
Air Conditioning system and types
Air-Conditioning Cycle The refrigerant comes into the compressor as a low-pressure gas, it is compressed and then moves out of the compressor as a high-pressure gas. The gas then flows to the condenser. Here the gas condenses to a liquid, and gives off its heat to the outside air. The liquid then moves to the expansion valve under high pressure. This valve restricts the flow of the fluid, and lowers its pressure as it leaves the expansion valve. The low-pressure liquid then moves to the evaporator, where heat from the inside air is absorbed and changes it from a liquid to a gas. As a hot low-pressure gas, the refrigerant moves to the compressor where the entire cycle is repeated.
Air Conditioning system and types
Types of Air Conditioning System Window air-conditioning system Split air-conditioning system Centralized air-conditioning system Package air-conditioning system
Window Air-Conditioning System It is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are located This Air-Conditioning unit has a double shaft fan motor with fans mounted on both sides of the motor. One at the evaporator side and the other at the condenser side.
Part of Window AC Front Panel Indoor Side Components Outdoor Side Components
Front Panel The front panel is the one that is seen by the user from inside the room where it is installed The front panel has adjustable horizontal and vertical(some models) louvers where the direction of air flow are adjustable to suit the comfort of the users The fresh intake of air called VENT (ventilation) is provided at the panel in the event that user would like to have a certain amount of fresh air from the outside.
Indoor Side Components Cooling Coil Fan Blower Operation Panel Filter Drier
Outdoor Side Components Compressor Condenser Coil Propeller Fan Fan Motor Drain Pan
Air Conditioning system and types
Split Air-Conditioning System The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser and expansion valve The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. (For this unit you dont have to make any slot in the wall of the room). Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and add to the beauty of the room. The split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms
Air Conditioning system and types
Centralized Air-Conditioning System The outdoor unit contains the condenser coil, compressor, electrical components and a fan. The evaporator coil, which is usually installed on top of the gas furnace inside the home. A series of pipes, or refrigeration lines, connecting the inside and outside equipment. Refrigerant, the substance in the refrigeration lines that circulates through the indoor and outdoor unit. Ducts that serve as air tunnels to the various spaces inside your home. A thermostat or control system to set your desired temperature.
Central ACs main Components The condenser is the unit that sits outside your home and contains the compressor, condensing coil, fan and motor and all the systems electrical components. The evaporator also known as the A coil - because of its A shape, is installed inside your furnaces duct system. This coil must be properly matched to the outside unit and should always be replaced when you purchase a new cooling system in order to maintain maximum system efficiency and prolong the life of your new air conditioner. The line set The line set is the copper tubing that connects the evaporator to the condenser. The black insulation or armaflex on this tubing keeps it from sweating as the cold refrigerant passes through it. The line set can normally be reused as long as it is properly sized, has no leaks and we are using the same type of refrigerant. We will cover the two types of refrigerants in just a moment. The blower The blower is provided by your heating system, in other words, your furnace. This is arguably the most important part of your cooling system. Everything your new cooling system is capable of doing is dependant upon proper airflow through the A coil. If your blower is old or dirty it may move too little air and the cooling system will freeze up. Poor airflow will cause your lower level to get very cold and your upper floors to get very warm. This is a very common problem and one reason many customers consider replacing older furnaces when they replace their cooling system the heat works fine but the airflow is marginal. However, if your furnace blower is in good shape replacing your heating system is not necessary.
Air Conditioning system and types
Packaged Air Conditioner Packaged air conditioners are similar to window air conditioners since all the components are housed in one single unit. Unlike window A/Cs, however, packaged air conditioners are installed outside your home, usually on the roof, and can cool the whole building. Some even contain a heating system, such as a furnace, eliminating the need for a separate furnace indoors
Two types of condensers are used in packaged systems Air-cooled These condensers are cooled by the surrounding air. These are more common for residential use. Water-cooled These condensers require a cooling tower, so theyre used primarily for large commercial applications where water is plentiful.
Packaged Air Conditioners with Air Cooled Condensers In this packaged air conditioners the condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve (refer the figure below). The outdoor unit can be kept on the terrace or any other open place where the free flow of the atmospheric air is available. The fan located inside this unit sucks the outside air and blows it over the condenser coil cooling it in the process. The condenser coil is made up of several turns of the copper tubing and it is finned externally. The packaged ACs with the air cooled condensers are used more commonly than the ones with water cooled condensers since air is freely available it is difficult maintain continuous flow of the water. The cooling unit comprising of the expansion valve, evaporator, the air handling blower and the filter are located on the floor or hanged to the ceiling. The ducts coming from the cooling unit are connected to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
Air Conditioning system and types
Application of AC The main function of an air conditioning system is mainly to produce cooling inside the room Removal of heat Decrease temperature for comfort Use in offices, home & class rooms The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are to be air conditioned completely.
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Air Conditioning system and types

  • 3. Im going to discuses Introduction Principles of air-conditioning Cooling cycle Type of air-conditioning Application
  • 4. INTRODUCTION Definition - Air conditioning is the process of altering the properties of air to more favorable conditions. The control of these conditions may be desirable to maintain the health and comfort of the occupants, or to meet the requirements of industrial processes irrespective of the external climatic conditions
  • 5. PRINCIPLES OF AIR- CONDITIONING The low-pressure liquid refrigerant absorbs heat as it vaporizes in the evaporator coils. The process described above is the AIR-CONDITIONING System. It is the system on which virtually all modern Air- Conditioning and refrigeration is based.
  • 7. Air-Conditioning Cycle The refrigerant comes into the compressor as a low-pressure gas, it is compressed and then moves out of the compressor as a high-pressure gas. The gas then flows to the condenser. Here the gas condenses to a liquid, and gives off its heat to the outside air. The liquid then moves to the expansion valve under high pressure. This valve restricts the flow of the fluid, and lowers its pressure as it leaves the expansion valve. The low-pressure liquid then moves to the evaporator, where heat from the inside air is absorbed and changes it from a liquid to a gas. As a hot low-pressure gas, the refrigerant moves to the compressor where the entire cycle is repeated.
  • 9. Types of Air Conditioning System Window air-conditioning system Split air-conditioning system Centralized air-conditioning system Package air-conditioning system
  • 10. Window Air-Conditioning System It is a single unit that is assembled in a casing where all the components are located This Air-Conditioning unit has a double shaft fan motor with fans mounted on both sides of the motor. One at the evaporator side and the other at the condenser side.
  • 11. Part of Window AC Front Panel Indoor Side Components Outdoor Side Components
  • 12. Front Panel The front panel is the one that is seen by the user from inside the room where it is installed The front panel has adjustable horizontal and vertical(some models) louvers where the direction of air flow are adjustable to suit the comfort of the users The fresh intake of air called VENT (ventilation) is provided at the panel in the event that user would like to have a certain amount of fresh air from the outside.
  • 13. Indoor Side Components Cooling Coil Fan Blower Operation Panel Filter Drier
  • 14. Outdoor Side Components Compressor Condenser Coil Propeller Fan Fan Motor Drain Pan
  • 16. Split Air-Conditioning System The split air conditioner comprises of two parts: the outdoor unit and the indoor unit The outdoor unit, fitted outside the room, houses components like the compressor, condenser and expansion valve The indoor unit comprises the evaporator or cooling coil and the cooling fan. (For this unit you dont have to make any slot in the wall of the room). Further, the present day split units have aesthetic looks and add to the beauty of the room. The split air conditioner can be used to cool one or two rooms
  • 18. Centralized Air-Conditioning System The outdoor unit contains the condenser coil, compressor, electrical components and a fan. The evaporator coil, which is usually installed on top of the gas furnace inside the home. A series of pipes, or refrigeration lines, connecting the inside and outside equipment. Refrigerant, the substance in the refrigeration lines that circulates through the indoor and outdoor unit. Ducts that serve as air tunnels to the various spaces inside your home. A thermostat or control system to set your desired temperature.
  • 19. Central ACs main Components The condenser is the unit that sits outside your home and contains the compressor, condensing coil, fan and motor and all the systems electrical components. The evaporator also known as the A coil - because of its A shape, is installed inside your furnaces duct system. This coil must be properly matched to the outside unit and should always be replaced when you purchase a new cooling system in order to maintain maximum system efficiency and prolong the life of your new air conditioner. The line set The line set is the copper tubing that connects the evaporator to the condenser. The black insulation or armaflex on this tubing keeps it from sweating as the cold refrigerant passes through it. The line set can normally be reused as long as it is properly sized, has no leaks and we are using the same type of refrigerant. We will cover the two types of refrigerants in just a moment. The blower The blower is provided by your heating system, in other words, your furnace. This is arguably the most important part of your cooling system. Everything your new cooling system is capable of doing is dependant upon proper airflow through the A coil. If your blower is old or dirty it may move too little air and the cooling system will freeze up. Poor airflow will cause your lower level to get very cold and your upper floors to get very warm. This is a very common problem and one reason many customers consider replacing older furnaces when they replace their cooling system the heat works fine but the airflow is marginal. However, if your furnace blower is in good shape replacing your heating system is not necessary.
  • 21. Packaged Air Conditioner Packaged air conditioners are similar to window air conditioners since all the components are housed in one single unit. Unlike window A/Cs, however, packaged air conditioners are installed outside your home, usually on the roof, and can cool the whole building. Some even contain a heating system, such as a furnace, eliminating the need for a separate furnace indoors
  • 22. Two types of condensers are used in packaged systems Air-cooled These condensers are cooled by the surrounding air. These are more common for residential use. Water-cooled These condensers require a cooling tower, so theyre used primarily for large commercial applications where water is plentiful.
  • 23. Packaged Air Conditioners with Air Cooled Condensers In this packaged air conditioners the condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve (refer the figure below). The outdoor unit can be kept on the terrace or any other open place where the free flow of the atmospheric air is available. The fan located inside this unit sucks the outside air and blows it over the condenser coil cooling it in the process. The condenser coil is made up of several turns of the copper tubing and it is finned externally. The packaged ACs with the air cooled condensers are used more commonly than the ones with water cooled condensers since air is freely available it is difficult maintain continuous flow of the water. The cooling unit comprising of the expansion valve, evaporator, the air handling blower and the filter are located on the floor or hanged to the ceiling. The ducts coming from the cooling unit are connected to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
  • 25. Application of AC The main function of an air conditioning system is mainly to produce cooling inside the room Removal of heat Decrease temperature for comfort Use in offices, home & class rooms The central air conditioning plants or the systems are used when large buildings, hotels, theaters, airports, shopping malls etc. are to be air conditioned completely.