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Happy World Health Day
07.04.2014
Wishes from
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India

Theme
:
Vector-borne diseases
PPRC/INDIA 03
Presented by
Dr. Sudhakar Kokate
Director PPRC, India

Eradication of MALARIA
by
GLOBAL PLANTS
PPRC/INDIA 04

Dedication
This presentation is dedicated to all patients
suffering from ��Malaria: a life threatening
disease across the globe��. We wish them a
speedy recovery and healthy life

Vector-borne diseases
? Malaria
? Elephantiasis
? Dengue fever
? Chikungunya
? Japan elephantiasis
? Yellow fever
? Leishmaniasis
PPRC/INDIA 05

Vectors
? Mosquitoes
? Sand flies
? Bugs
? Ticks
? Snails
PPRC/INDIA 06

Stat
? 40% of world population is at risk from Dengue
? 1.3 million new cases of Leishmaniasis annually
? > 50% population is at risk of vector-borne diseases
? Poorest people affected at large
? Malaria �C the most deadly VBD 660,000 deaths/year
PPRC/INDIA12

World Malaria Report 2013
? Global efforts to control and eliminate Malaria �C VBD
saved
? 3.3 million lives since 2000 �C 45% globally, 49% in Africa
? No. of countries with highest Malaria burden �C 10
? Max. effect �C children below 5 yrs. PPRC/INDIA 13

Facts of file
? Serious disease having high fever, chills and muscle pain
? Body weakness
? Bite by mosquito Anopheles infected with Plasmodium
parasite
? Most in Africa, Southern Asia and Central America
PPRC/INDIA14

Malaria transmission cycle
PPRC/INDIA15

Malaria disease control
PPRC/INDIA 16

Malaria
:
Phyto-therapy
PPRC/INDIA 17

Guiera senegalensis
PPRC/INDIA22

Cymbopogon citratus
PPRC/INDIA24

Vernonia amygdalina
PPRC/INDIA26

Zingiber officinale
PPRC/INDIA28

NEEM & TULSI
:
Effective remedies to keep
Malaria out of home
PPRC/INDIA 32

The Ubiquitous Tulsi
Ocimum spp.
from vedas to modern times
PPRC/INDIA 33

The earth is our mother.
She nourishes us that which
we put into the ground, she
returns to us likewise.
PPRC/INDIA 34

Ocimum
? Family: Labitae
? A genus of aromatic herbs
? Distributed in tropical and warm temperate regions of the
world
PPRC/INDIA 35

Ocimum
? Total species on the globe: 160
? India has 9 species, 3 have become extinct
? Nomenclature and varieties complicated
PPRC/INDIA 36

About Ocimum
? Yields essential oils, Hybrids also yield oils
? Shows different physio-chemical properties
? Ocimum oils are classified on the basis of their chemical
composition
PPRC/INDIA 37

Significant Ocimum species
? Ocimum americanum
? Ocimum basilicum
? Ocimum minimum ��. Subspp.
? Ocimum gratissimum
PPRC/INDIA 38

Significant Ocimum species
? Ocimum kilimandscharicum
? Ocimum viride
? Ocimum sanctum
PPRC/INDIA 39

Country-wise distribution
? Europe: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum
? China: O. basilicum Linn.
? Philippines islands: O. basilicum, O. gratissimum
? India: O. sanctum, O. gratissimum, O. kilimandscharicum
? S. Africa: O. sanctum, O. viridae PPRC/INDIA 40

Etyology of O. americanum
? Sankrit: Ajaka, Gambhira, Kuthera
? Hindi: Kali tulsi, Mamri
? Telugu: Kukka tulsi
PPRC/INDIA 42

Etyology of O. americanum
? Tamil, Kannada: Nayi tulsi
? Malyalam: Kattu tulsi
PPRC/INDIA 43

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? An erect, sweet scented pubescent herb
? Height: 30 �C 60 cm
? Grows in waste lands
? Cultivated fields throughout India PPRC/INDIA 44

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? Leaves: glabrous, gland dotted
? Flowers: small white, purple, closely set whorls
spiciform racemes
PPRC/INDIA 45

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? Propagation: cultivation by seeds
? Seeds: mucilaginous, fixed oil (yield: 8 �C 11 %)
? Characteristics and composition vary
? The plant used as a pot-herb PPRC/INDIA 46

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? The seeds are used as food in mixture with other grains
in times of scarcity
? Considered as diuretic, tonic, preparation of cooling
drink
PPRC/INDIA 47

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? Steam distillation: pale yellow oil 0.7% yield, Odour of
lemon and lavender
? Properties: aromatic, carminative, diaphoretic and
stimulant
PPRC/INDIA 48

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? Medicinal properties: useful in cough, dysentery,
toothache, cold, catarrh skin infection
? Shows anti-bacterial activity against �C Micrococcus
pyogenes var. aureus and E. coli
? Volatile oil inhibits the growth of tubercular bacilli
PPRC/INDIA 49

O. americanum Linn.
(O. canum) sims.
? Leaf oil shows anti-bacterial activity against Mycobacteria
? Useful in soap, cosmetic industry as a perfume
PPRC/INDIA 50

Etyology of O. basilicum
? Sankrit: Munjarika, Surasa, Varvara
? Hindi: Babui tulsi, Gulal tulsi, Kali tulsi, Marua
? Telugu: Bhutulsi, Rudrajada, Vesudupaccha
PPRC/INDIA 52

? Tamil: Tirnirupachai, Karpura tulsi
? Kannada: Kama kasturi, Sajjagida
? Marathi: Marva, Sabza
PPRC/INDIA 53

? Gujrathi: Damaro, Nasabo, Sabza
? Oriya: Dhala tulsi, Kapur kanti
? Kashmiri: Niazbo
? Punjabi: Furrunj mushk, Baburi, Niyazbo panr PPRC/INDIA 54

O. basilicum Linn.
? Sweet Basil, Common basil
? An erect, glabrous herb, height: 30 �C 90 cm
? Native of Central Asia, Northwest India
? Leaves ovate �C lanceolate, acuminate, toothed
PPRC/INDIA 55

O. basilicum Linn.
? Basilicum yields �C ��Oil of Basil�� used as a flavouring agent
as perfume
? Propagated by seeds
? Sweet basil possesses a clove-like aromatic scent
PPRC/INDIA 56

O. basilicum Linn.
? Numerous varieties: Var. basilicum, Var. pilosum Benth,
Var. majus Benth, Var. difforme Benth, Var. purpurascens
Benth, Var. glabratum Benth
? Sweet basil possess a clove-like scent i.e. aromatic
PPRC/INDIA 57

O. basilicum Linn.
The characteristics of oil varies with region four types:
- European - Methyl
- Reunion - Eugenol
PPRC/INDIA 58

O. basilicum Linn.
1. European type: Basil grown in Europe, America. Known
as oil of Sweet Basil. Active principle: Methyl chavicol
2. Reunion: Distilled of Reunion Island, Madagascar
Constituent: Methyl chavicol and camphor seychelles
PPRC/INDIA 59

O. basilicum Linn.
3. Methyl type: Distilled in Bulgaria, Sicily, Egypt. Active
principle: Chavicol, Methyl Cinn.
4. Eugenol type: Distilled in Java, Seychelles, USSR. Active
principle: Eugenol
PPRC/INDIA 60

Oil of Sweet Basil
As a flavouring agent for:
1. Confectionary
2. Baked goods
3. Sauces
4. Tomato pastes
5. Pickles
6. Fancy vinegars
7. Spiced meats, Sausages
8. Beverages PPRC/INDIA 61

Oil of Sweet Basil
?Scenting dental and oral preparations
?Used also for perfume compounds
?Soap perfumes
?Basil oil possesses insecticidal and insect repellent properties
PPRC/INDIA 62

Oil of Sweet Basil
?Aqueous extracts of seeds are active against gram �C positive
bacteria and mycobacteria
?Properties of plant �C stomachic, anthelmintic, alexipharmic,
antipyretic, diaphoretics, expectorant, carminative, stimulant,
pectoral
PPRC/INDIA 63

Oil of Sweet Basil
?Diseases curing: Cephaalgia, Gouty joints, for foul breath,
throat irritation, constipation, piles
?Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of flowers possess anti-
bacterial activity against:- Micrococcus Pyogenes var. aureus
PPRC/INDIA 64

Oil of Sweet Basil
?Seeds possess demulcent, stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic and
cooling properties
?Effective against houseflies, mosquitoes, Salmonella typhosa
?The plant is used in homeopathic medicines
PPRC/INDIA 65

O. gratissimum
? Shrubby Basil
? A tall much branched perennial shrub
? Height: 1 �C 2.5 m, found all over India
? Leaves: Ovate, Flowers: Pale green, strongly scented
PPRC/INDIA 67

? Characteristics and composition of oil vary with different
areas
? Two types of volatile oils: 1. With Thymol 2. With Eugenol
? Oil possesses marked bacterial activity and low toxicity
O. gratissimum
PPRC/INDIA 68

? Oil inhibits in-vitro growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes,
E. coli and Salmonella typhosa
O. gratissimum
PPRC/INDIA 69

? Disease curing: Inflammed joints, intestinal and uterine
masculatere, abdominal colic, toothache, cough, stomach
ache, urinary disorders
? The plant is considered as digestive, tonic, stimulant, diuretic,
antiemetic, antiseptic
O. gratissimum
PPRC/INDIA 70

O. Kilimandscharicum Guerka
PPRC/INDIA71

? Hindi, Marathi, Bengali: Kapur tulsi
? An under shrub, native of Kenya (S. Africa)
? Introduced and cultivated in India
PPRC/INDIA 72

? Leaves ovate / oblong, acute narrow at base
? Readily propagated from seeds and cuttings
? Grows in plains and hills +900 m height
PPRC/INDIA 73

? The crop ready for harvesting in 4 �C 6 months after planting
? Yield of oil and camphor vary with locality, season of harvest
and plant material distilled
PPRC/INDIA 74

? Oil possess anti-bacterial properties as that similar of O.
gratissimum
? O. Kilimandscharicum �C Primary source of camphor
? Volatile oil �C mosquito repellent, may be used as solvent of
DDT
PPRC/INDIA 75

? Oil �C light yellow, odour of camphor content vary from 61 �C
80.5%
? Oil used as solvent and vehicle for metallic lusters on ceramic
bodies
PPRC/INDIA 76

O. viride
?Fever plant of Sierra leone
?A branched shrub height 1.8 m
?Native of Africa and introduced in India
?The plant highly scented
PPRC/INDIA 78

O. viride
?Leaves ovate / obovate, margin toothed flowers cream white or
yellow
?Leaves as flavouring agent in cooking and in salads
?The plant is used as a poultice for rheumatism and lumbago
PPRC/INDIA 79

O. viride
?Volatile oil �C odour of thymol, pungent, spicy taste
?A decoction of leaves is used in fevers and coughs
?Leaves juice for catarrh and as eye drops for conjunctivitis
PPRC/INDIA 80

O. sanctum
?Also known as Krishna Tulas, Holy Basil
?India��s sacred religious worshipped plant of Hindus
?In Sanskrit, 47 names are given to O. sanctum: Haripriya,
Suras, Sumedha, Vrinda, Surabhi,etc��.
PPRC/INDIA 82

O. sanctum
?Erect, much branched sub-shrub
?Simple opposite, green / purple leaves with strong scent
?Leaves have petioles and are ovate
?Flowers are purplish in elongate racemes in close whorls
PPRC/INDIA 83

O. sanctum
?Chemicals: Thymol, Eugenol, Essential oils, Flavonoids, etc.
? Properties: > 60 e.g. anti-bacterial, anti-cancer, anti-AIDS
and anti-ulcer amongst many others
PPRC/INDIA 84

Healing power of Tulsi
? Malaria
? Mouth ulcer
? Anaemia
? Body pain
? Indigestion
? Stomach ache
? Vomiting
? Diseases of intestine
PPRC/INDIA85

? Burns
? Diarrhoea
? Earache
? Jaundice
? Worms
? Bronchitis
? Cancer
? Leprosy PPRC/INDIA 86

? Cough
? Hair problems
? Eczema
? Throat pain
? Fever
? Flu and cold
? Chest pain
? Tuberculosis PPRC/INDIA 87

? Headache
? Skin diseases
? Asthma
? Toothache
? Gum pain
? Pneumonia
? Acidity
? Mental stress PPRC/INDIA 88

? Boils
? Pollution
? Kidney stone
? Piles
? Hiccups, faint
? Ringworm
? Infectious diseases
? Bleeding PPRC/INDIA 89

? High B.P.
? Liver diseases
? Obesity
? Constipation
? Memory enhancing
? Heart palpitation
PPRC/INDIA 90

NEEM
? Extensively used in Ayurveda, Unani and Homeopathy
? Cynosure of modern medicine
? > 140 compounds isolated from various plant parts
? All parts are used
PPRC/INDIA 92

Used for curing
? Inflammation
? Infections
? Fever
? Skin diseases
? Dental disorders
PPRC/INDIA 93

Medicinal properties
? Anti-inflammatory
? Anti-hyperglycaemic
? Anti-ulcer
? Anti-viral
? Anti-oxidant
? Anti-malarial
PPRC/INDIA 94

Medicinal properties
? Anti-mutagenic
? Anti-carcinogenic
? Anti-fungal
? Anti-bacterial
PPRC/INDIA 95

��BE WITH US��
Thank You !!

�ݺ�ߣ

Malaria: life threatening disease

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