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vce psychology classical conditioning operant conditioning vcepsychology positive reinforcement negative reinforcement skinner synaptic pruning pavlovian conditioning pavlov extinction of conditioned behaviour spontaneous recovery 3 phase model of operant conditioning aversion therapy garcia and koelling taste aversion one trial learning experience dependent learning critical periods of learning experience expectant learning sensitive periods of learning fixed action pattern maturation reflexes unit 4 psychology amygdala thalamus glutamate hippocampus cerebellum neural basis of learning nmda receptors myelination adpative plasticity synaptogenesis neural migration plasticty of the brain sprouting developmental plasticity rerouting mental health dimensional approach lazarus and folkman transactional model allostatic response allostatis allostatice load fight-flight response stress response hpa axis benzodiazepenes gaba biofeedback depression ssris dopamine naltraxone dopamine reward system pathological gambling thorndike trial and error learning puzzle box experiment instrumental conditioning instrumental learning law of effect skinner box schedules of reinforcement parital reinforcement response cost elements of operant conditioning punishment observational learning kohler insight learning seyle gas general adaptation syndrome hans seyle cbt