A history of the Nxt Cryptocurrency over four years of development to the launch of Ardor. Ardor is a blockchain platform that evolved from NXT and offers solutions to scalability and ease of use for business blockchain applications.
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Nxt / Ardor Historical Timeline
1. INTRO¡°It was a bright cold day in April,
and the clocks were striking thirteen.¡±
These immortal words began George
Orwell¡¯s 1984 and were to be the
passphrase to the Nxt genesis account.
BCNext, the anonymous founder of Nxt,
had a vision. BCNext saw Bitcoin
as a failed attempt to create a digital
economy and so he created Nxt as a
platform to build a digital economy
upon. He wanted Nxt to be more than a
currency, his vision was for Nxt to be a
platform with easy implementation of
new features. In September, 2013 he
appeared on Bitcointalk (BCT) to
announce Nxt, the ?rst 100%
Proof-of-Stake (PoS) blockchain.
2. 2013
Nxt / Ardor Timeline
The beginning: at ?rst the BCT community was not sure
what to make of this idea
Voting began about the ?rst advanced features to
implement. The choice was between messaging, two-phase
payment, a voting system, and colored coins. $1,500 USD
was raised.
(28-09-13) BCNext announced the NXT ICO on Bitcointalk. There
would be 1,000,000,000 coins with only integer amounts. The
fundraising target was 99.5 BTC
(18-10-2013) BCNext announced that after the genesis block is
approved he will use the funds for further project development of
advanced features and services
September
October
3. Fundraising for Nxt ends, 21 BTC was raised. BCNext posts
for the last time on BCT. He never wanted to be the face of
Nxt - his vision was a decentralized and community driven
platform.
Come-from-Beyond (CfB) announced that BCNext would
communicate to the community through him. CfB said that
BCNext was frustrated that many of the 73 stakeholders
were not actively contributing to help Nxt by running
nodes or supporting Nxt bounties or participating in any
promotional activities. Powerless to force them to
contribute, BCNext announced that he might quit the Nxt
project and contribute his ideas to a competitor. BCNext¡¯s
vision of a decentralized and community driven blockchain
is fracturing as only small segments of the community take
active interest.
December
(24-11-2013) The Genesis block was launched. 1,000,000,000 NXT
were distributed to the 73 stakeholders according to their levels of
contribution.
(28-11-2013) Dgex created ?rst NXT/BTC exchange
November
4. December (09-12-2013) Jean-Luc replied to BCNext:
¡°All of us that spend most of our waking hours following Nxt
development tend to forget that not everybody has the time,
technical knowledge, and interest, to do so. These ¡®stakeholders,¡¯
myself included, tend to invest in a variety of crypto-related things.
Somebody with a full time job absolutely doesn't have the time to
follow the development in all the areas he has invested in, let alone
actively participate. Let's not forget that the maximum investment
was capped at 1BTC. With so many projects out there, the interest
occasionally is passive. Many of the Nxt stakeholders may have the
same attitude towards Nxt - they put some money in it, just in case,
and moved on because they are busy with other things. We have to
accept this behavior as normal, and BCNext should not risk ruining
the entire project because of it.¡±
(26-12-2013) Nxt source code sent to one skilled Java programmer
for peer review. Discussion begins about retaining full time
positions for Nxt software development.
(27-12-2013) First posting for skilled Java programmers to join the
Nxt core dev team.
(28-12-2013) Jean-Luc joined the Nxt core dev team as the leader
of core development. Nxt surpassed 1000 accounts.
5. (29-12-2013) There is internal debate among community
members over the direction of Nxt. Some want to
develop new features, while others want to have
a focused marketing campaign to raise awareness.
Millions of tokens are unclaimed by one of the
stakeholders. These stats show how the community is
not diversi?ed enough from the original stakeholders:
The top 10 accounts own 41% of all NXT.
The top 20 accounts own 55% of all NXT.
The top 30 accounts own 66% of all NXT.
The top 40 accounts own 74% of all NXT.
The top 50 accounts own 79% of all NXT.
December
6. BCNext is asked questions about the direction of Nxt
and many are unhappy with his ¡°greedy founders¡±
rhetoric. Nxt is supposed to be worked on by
a signi?cant part of the community and yet it is only in
hands of a few talented developers.
2014
January
February
(13-01-2014) Launch of Nxter, a community driven project lead
by apenzl. Nxter Magazine would become the best source of
news and analysis for Nxt coverage.
(14-01-2014) NXT Messaging arrived at block 40000. Community
busy developing.
(11-02-2014) Asset exchange - on the 11th of February the public
test begins!
(03-01-2014) CFB Nxt source code was released on 03.01.2014 with
3 ?aws intentionally injected by BCNext. The 1st person to ?nd and
report these ?aws were promised to get a 1¡¯000, 10¡¯000 or
100¡¯000 NXT reward.
7. The full source code was released to the public on
March 1st, 2014 under the MIT License. Three funding
committees were established to control nine million
unclaimed NXT from the genesis block. Jean-Luc
continued to lead the dev team The community
elected committees to control the unclaimed coins.
(07-03-2014) The TechDev Committee, an Infrastructure
Committee, and a Nxt Marketing Fund Committee were created
with ?ve community-elected members in each. Proposals for
funding from each committee would be voted upon by the
community at large.
(22-03-2014) Nxtforum website launched.
(29-03-2014) Jean-Luc resigned from committee over the
community¡¯s refusal to form an official legal entity, not accepting
the resulting personal legal risk. He wanted to only develop code
for Nxt and not play a part in the larger decision making process of
the community - a role the community thrust upon him. He refused
to be included in roles beyond software architecture and design.
March
8. April CfB announced that BCNext left the Nxt project
permanently. Despite this the community continued to
grow. Under Jean-Luc and the contributing members of
the dev team the Nxt platform grew in sophistication
and offered new functionality that would later be
copied by many following blockchains.
(14-04-2014) Nxt BitCoin Talk forum thread locked after an
amazing 2763 pages.
9. The launch of the Asset Exchange, a ?rst in the
blockchain community. Nxt suffers a big attack and
GLEFU saved the network
(11-05-2014) NXT.org website launched
(19-06-2014) Massive DDoS attack on the network; GLEFU saves the day
(20-06-2014) Jean - Luc wrote up on the GLEFU incident:
¡°Interesting how far a discussion based on incorrect assumptions can go.
There has been no malformed or malicious transaction whatsoever. There
is no bug in the Asset Exchange code. The only bug was in the
calculation of uncon?rmed balances for accounts that long time ago had
a transaction with referenced transaction set, while having a balance less
than 100 NXT. It resulted in those accounts being incorrectly refunded a
deposit against their uncon?rmed balance, which deposit they never
paid in the ?rst place, thus leading to the uncon?rmed balance being
higher than the real balance. The ?x was to start deducting/refunding
this deposit only after a certain block, in the past, at a point where this
logic was already there.¡±
May
10. July
August
The Nxt white paper is released. This also marked the
beginning of the community members branching off
and starting their own projects. Eventually they include:
LISK - Max, KOMODO - jl777, WAVES - Sasha Ivanov,
JINN - Team CFB, IOTA - Team CFB
Community member jl777, a very active Nxt visionary
and programmer announced SuperNetwork and user
Triangle presented JINN
(15-08-2014) The BTER exchange was hacked and 50M NXT were stolen.
Jean-Luc released several software updates for the community of forgers to
decide the outcome. It was decided not to roll back the blockchain and not to
continue the negotiation with the hacker.
11. Nxt celebrates its ?rst birthday. Many new versions
of Nxt are released to improve the functionality
and stability of this revolutionary blockchain. Core
developer Lior Yaffe announces that they are working
on the Coin Shuffling feature.
November
12. The NXT Foundation is now officially registered as a
non-pro?t organisation (Stichting) in the Netherlands.
The Voting System, Phasing, and Client Plugin System
are all added to Nxt.
2015
March
The European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA)
published responses to their call for evidence.
If you're not at the table you're on the menu
August
13. The Tennessee Project is proposed with the following
goals: a major increase in and professionalisation of Nxt
marketing, improving the Nxt user experience, in terms
of ease of use, support and documentation, and the
acquisition of leads to both incorporate Nxt into real
world applications and businesses, and attracting
investors to the platform.
(08-10-2015) Bas Wisselink presents The Tennessee Project with
the goal of raising a set amount of funding and increasing
awareness of Nxt.
(16-10-2015) The Tennessee Project timeline over the next 12
months is released, 10M NXT target for funding revealed.
(17-10-2015) Growth of the community
10 largest accounts have 22.4%
50 largest accounts have 53.7%
100 largest accounts have 67.9%
500 largest accounts have 88.3%
(25-10-2015) Tennessee Project reached target funding goal
October
14. Lior Yaffe is introduced as the new Core Project
Manager. Nxt celebrates its second birthday and new
features are added including prunable plain and
encrypted message attachments, account control
for phased transactions and the 1000 NXT minimum for
forging balance is instituted.
November
Vitalik, founder of Ethereum, mentions that their PoS
algorithm will use Nxt ideas - including Nxt-style
random number generator to determine who can
generate a block at each height.
December
15. Bounties are issued to try and break the CoinShuffle
technology. Community engagement helped the core
dev team identify bugs.
(04-02-2016) Tennessee Project redesigned Nxt Wikipedia page
(08-02-2016) Jean-Luc posted the core development team¡¯s vision
for the next important step in Nxt¡¯s evolution - the idea of a
parent/child chain architecture is developed.
(10-02-2016) Nxt Foundation joined Linux Foundation
and HyperLedger.
2016
January
The dev team announced their vision of the
future - a new main chain made up of child chains that
are pruned every 1440 blocks, with child chain token
exchange rates with parent token determined
by market forces.
February
16. Nxt 2.0 Roadmap announced, later named Ardor. The
National Settlement Depository (NSD), Russia¡¯s central
securities depository, developed and successfully tested
an e-proxy voting system running on a distributed ledger
built with the NXT distributed cryptographic platform.
Community member Megalodon destroyed 1M NXT by
sending it to the genesis block, wiping it from existence,
total supply of NXT now 999M
Ardor Snapshot began, lasting over three months with the
average NXT balance during that three month span being
the equivalent amount of ARDR tokens being distributed to
Nxt holders.
June
July
(22-06-2016) Nxt article in Forbes announced Ardor
(09-07-2016) Ardor Platform website launched
(14-07-2016) ¡°Snapshots of account balances will start on an hourly
basis, starting on July 14th (block 870,400) to October 12th (block
1,000,000). Then, your total NXT will be averaged, and you'll
receive that amount in Ardor tokens on October 12th.¡±
May
17. After community debate, the name Ignis was chosen for
the ?rst Ardor child chain. Later at the launch of Ardor, NXT
holders would get IGNIS token airdropped into their
account at the rate of 0.5 for every 1 NXT in their account.
Jelurida BV is incorporated in the Netherlands for the
purpose of owning the Nxt and Ardor IP. An important
change to the copyright of the GPLv2 license followed: the
Jelurida Public License (JPL). At Nxt block height 1000000
all 999M ARDR tokens are distributed. There is a 1:1 ratio
with NXT tokens.
Nxt has been running continuously for three years
October
November
(13-10-2016) Block 1000000, Ardor Distribution
(14-10-2016) Version 1.10.3 is launched under new copyright.
The copyright of all GPLv2 code contributed to the Nxt Reference
Software now belongs to Jelurida B.V.
September
18. The ?rst release of the Ardor testnet. It represents
the ?rst milestone in the building of the Ardor platform.
New Features include: Forging Chain, Child Chains, Coin
Exchange, Bundling, Peer Networking, New APIs,
Transaction types and bytes format.
2017
The Jelurida Public License (JPL) was announced in
order to protect the Nxt ecosystem from being diluted
by clones of the Nxt blockchain
July
(29-07-2017) Nxt Version 1.11.6 is launched under JPL, with the
Special Conditions requiring a 10% airdrop to the NXT holders from
Nxt clones.
February
19. IGNIS ICO begins with up to 420M JLRDA tokens available
for purchase over three months on the Nxt blockchain with
goal of gauging public interest in Jelurida actively
z`maintaining Nxt with the new year launch of Ardor.
Whales gobble up the ?rst two batches of NXT prompting
the dev team to release a new NRS update to ensure every-
one can participate. 500M IGNIS tokens are reserved for an
airdrop to NXT holders.
With the Nxt Foundation ?oundering and with insufficient
powers, a new administrative body: the Ardor Nxt Group
(ANG) is announced. Travin Keith is the interim director
until permanent one is hired.
The IGNIS ICO ends with over $15M raised. This is enough
funds to actively develop and maintain the Nxt blockchain
for at least the next three years. Nxt turns four years old.
October
November
(24-11-2017) Jelurida released Ardor source code on Nxt¡¯s fourth
birthday
August
20. A new director for the ANG is found. Jelurida
announces that a Nxt Snapshot will occur at block
height 1636363 on December 28th. On Ardor¡¯s launch
all Nxt accounts with a balance will receive 0.5 IGNIS
per 1 NXT.
December
(05-12-2017) Travin Keith announced:
¡°Hello everyone, I am happy to announce that though there was
only one candidate who quali?ed after all the interest has been
expressed and so there will be no election, it¡¯s none other than
Elizabeth, formerly known as qbtc, who will be the new Director
of ANG after the Interim Period. For the rest of the Interim Period,
she will be actively working towards the growth of ANG and its
foundation before January 15th. Congratulations Elizabeth!¡±
500M IGNIS were given away as a free airdrop to all NXT owners
with supported wallets¡¯s the IGNIS tokens were not distributed on
the Nxt blockchain, and not before the launch of Ardor.
21. Ardor goes into production at 001:001:00 UTC on
January 1st. 500M IGNIS are given away as a free
airdrop to all NXT owners with supported wallets.
Ardor is now its own blockchain and is no longer a Nxt
blockchain asset. IGNIS is now a child chain and found
in the Ardor client.
Nov 24-2013 Birth
Dec 22 - 2013 Aliases
Jan 11 - 2014 Messaging
May 6 - 2017 Balance Leasing
May 12 - 2014 Issue assets
May 12 - 2014 Asset Exchange
Dec 17 - 2014 Dividend Payments
Aug 1 - 2014 Marketplace
Jan 10 - 2015 Crowdfunding
Jan 10 - 2015 Monetary System
Jan 10 - 2015 Currency Exchange
June 6 - 2015 Voting
June 6 - 2015 Multi-phased Transactions
Approval by Vote
Approval by Hash
Approval by Transaction
June 14 - 2015 File tokens
Aug 14 - 2015 Offline Transaction Signing
April 6 - 2015 Client Plugins
Oct 31 - 2015 Peer Services
Oct 31 - 2015 Account Ledger
Jan 1 - 2016 Data Cloud
Jan 21 - 2016 Coin Shuffling
Jan 21 - 2016 Singleton Assets
Jan 21 - 2016 Account Control
Jan 21 - 2016 Account Properties
2018
January