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optical pyrometer working & application

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Ronak Patel

This document discusses the working and applications of an optical pyrometer. It begins by defining an optical pyrometer as a non-contact thermometer used to measure high temperatures by detecting the object's electromagnetic radiation. It then explains the operating principle of comparing the brightness of the temperature source to a reference lamp. The working involves focusing the radiation onto the lamp filament and adjusting the current until their brightnesses match, indicating equal temperature. Finally, applications discussed include using optical pyrometers to measure furnace, blast furnace, boiler, gas turbine blade, and hot air balloon temperatures.

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NAME:PATEL RONAK N. EN. NO.:150010119078 TOPIC:OPTICAL PYROMRTER-WORKING AND APPLICATION SEM:4 A.D.PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHANOLOGY
TOPICS:OPTICAL PYROMETER 1)WHAT IS OPTICAL PYROMETER?? 2) OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL PYROMETER 3) WORKING OF OPTICAL PYROMETER 4) APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER
WHAT IS OPTICAL PYROMETER??? A PYROMETER IS A TYPE OF THERMOMETER USED TO MEASURE HIGH TEMPERATURES. IT IS USED FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE WITHOUT CONTACT. IT IS USED FOR MEASURING BODY TEMPERATURE BY MEASURING ITS ELECTOMAGNETIC RADITION.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL PYROMETER THE PRINCIPLE OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT BY BRIGHTNESS COMPARISION IS USED IN OPTICAL PYROMETER. A COLOUR VARIATION WITH THE GROWTH IN TEMPERATURE IS TAKEN AS AN INDEX OF TEMPERATURE. THIS OPTICAL PYROMETER COMPARES THE BRIGHTNESS OF IMAGE PRODUCED BY TEMPERATURE SOURCE WITH THAT OF REFERENCE TEMPERATURE LAMP. THE CURRENT IN THE LAMP IS ADJUSTED UNTIL THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE LAMP IS EQUAL TO THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE IMAGE PRODUCED BY THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE. SINCE THE INTENSITY OF LIGHT OF ANY WAVE LENGTH DEPENDS ON THE TEMPERATURE OF THE RADIATING OBJECT, THE CURRENT PASSING THROUGH THE LAMP BECOMES A MEASURE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE WHEN CALIBRATED.
WORKING OF OPTICAL PYROMETER
optical pyrometer working & application
WHEN A TEMPERATURE SOURCE IS TO BE MEASURED , THE RADIATION FROM THE SOURCE ARE FOCUSED ONTO THE FILAMENT OF THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE LAMP USING THE OBJECTIVE LENS. NOW THE EYE PIECE IS ADJUSTED SO THAT THE FILAMENT OF THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE LAMP IS IN SHARP FOCUS AND THE FILAMENT IS SEEN SUPER IMPOSED ON THE IMAGE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE. NOW THE OBSERVER STARTS CONTROLLING THE LAMP CURRENT AND THE FILAMENT WILL APPEAR DARK AS IN FIGURE (A) IF THE FILAMENT IS COOLER THAN THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE, THE FILAMENT WILL APPEAR BRIGHT AS IN FIGURE (B) IF THE FILAMENT IS HOTTER THAN THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE, THE FILAMENT WILL NOT BE SEEN AS IN FIGURE (C) IF THE FILAMENT AND TEMPERATURE SOURCE ARE IN THE SAME TEMPERATURE. HENCE THE OBSERVER SHOULD CONTROL THE LAMP CURRENT UNTIL THE FILAMENT AND THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE HAVE THE SAME BRIGHTNESS WHICH WILL BE NOTICED WHEN THE FILAMENT DISAPPEARS AS IN FIGURE (C) IN THE SUPERIMPOSED IMAGE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE [ THAT IS THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE LAMP AND THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE ARE SAME]. AT THE INSTANCE, THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE LAMP WHICH IS INDICATED BY THE MILLIVOLTMETER CONNECTED TO THE LAMP BECOMES A MEASURE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE WHEN CALIBRATED.
APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER TO MEASURE THE MOVING OBJECTS THE PYROMETER IS USED AND IT MEASURES THE SURFACE THAT CANNOT BE TOUCHED OR CANNOT BE REACHED. SMELTER INDUSTRY IN THE BLAST FURNACE BY USING AN OPTICAL PYROMETER THE COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE IS MEASURED. HERE THE PYROMETER IS USED IN THE FIXED NITROGEN RESEARCH LABORATORY. IN THE METALLURGICAL FURNACE OPERATIONS, TEMPERATURE IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETER. A DEPENDABLE AND NONSTOP DIMENSION OF THE MELT TEMPERATURE IS IMPORTANT FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF THE PROCESS. SMELTING RATES ARE TOO MAXIMIZED AND PERSISTENCY OF THE LIFE MAY ALSO BE INCREASED. FOR THIS PURPOSE TRADITIONAL THERMOCOUPLE DEVICES ARE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE. BUT THE DEVICES ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT BECAUSE THEY ARE SOFTENED AND DEGRADE.
APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER OVER THE BATH PYROMETER: THE TEMPERATURE UPTO 1300 DEGREE CENTIGRADE IS OPERATED BY USING THE SALT BATH FURNACE FOR HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS. AT VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES WITH STRONG HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN THE STEEL AND THE MOLTEN SALT ARE TREATED, BY MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MOLTEN SALT, ACCURACY IS MAINTAINED. MAXIMUM ERRORS ARE OCCURRED BY THE SLAG PRESENT ON THE SURFACE, AS IT IS COOLER THAN THE SALT BATH. TUYERE PYROMETER: TUYERE PYROMETER IS AN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE TUYERE. THESE ARE NORMALLY USED FOR NOURISHING AIR OR INCENTIVES INTO THE BATH OF THE HEATER. STEAM BOILER: TO MEASURE THE STEAM TEMPERATURE, PYROMETER IS ATTACHED TO THE STEAM BOILER IN THE SUPER HEATER.
APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER PYROMETERS MAY BE FITTED TO EXPERIMENTAL GAS TURBINE ENGINES TO MEASURE THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF TURBINE BLADES. SUCH PYROMETERS CAN BE PAIRED WITH A TACHOMETER TO TIE THE PYROMETER OUTPUT WITH THE POSITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL TURBINE BLADE. TIMING COMBINED WITH A RADIAL POSITION ENCODER ALLOWS ENGINEERS TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE AT EXACT POINTS ON BLADES MOVING PAST THE PROBE. THE TUYRE PYROMETER IS AN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT THROUGH THE TUYERES WHICH ARE NORMALLY USED FOR FEEDING AIR OR REACTANTS INTO THE BATH OF THE FURNACE. A HOT AIR BALLOON IS EQUIPPED WITH A PYROMETER FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE AT THE TOP OF THE ENVELOPE IN ORDER TO PREVENT OVERHEATING OF THE FABRIC.
REFERANCES MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION BY R.K. RAJPUT MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT AND METROLOGY BY J.P.HADIYA AND H.G.KATARIYA

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optical pyrometer working & application

  • 1. NAME:PATEL RONAK N. EN. NO.:150010119078 TOPIC:OPTICAL PYROMRTER-WORKING AND APPLICATION SEM:4 A.D.PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHANOLOGY
  • 2. TOPICS:OPTICAL PYROMETER 1)WHAT IS OPTICAL PYROMETER?? 2) OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL PYROMETER 3) WORKING OF OPTICAL PYROMETER 4) APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER
  • 3. WHAT IS OPTICAL PYROMETER??? A PYROMETER IS A TYPE OF THERMOMETER USED TO MEASURE HIGH TEMPERATURES. IT IS USED FOR MEASURING TEMPERATURE WITHOUT CONTACT. IT IS USED FOR MEASURING BODY TEMPERATURE BY MEASURING ITS ELECTOMAGNETIC RADITION.
  • 4. OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL PYROMETER THE PRINCIPLE OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT BY BRIGHTNESS COMPARISION IS USED IN OPTICAL PYROMETER. A COLOUR VARIATION WITH THE GROWTH IN TEMPERATURE IS TAKEN AS AN INDEX OF TEMPERATURE. THIS OPTICAL PYROMETER COMPARES THE BRIGHTNESS OF IMAGE PRODUCED BY TEMPERATURE SOURCE WITH THAT OF REFERENCE TEMPERATURE LAMP. THE CURRENT IN THE LAMP IS ADJUSTED UNTIL THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE LAMP IS EQUAL TO THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE IMAGE PRODUCED BY THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE. SINCE THE INTENSITY OF LIGHT OF ANY WAVE LENGTH DEPENDS ON THE TEMPERATURE OF THE RADIATING OBJECT, THE CURRENT PASSING THROUGH THE LAMP BECOMES A MEASURE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE WHEN CALIBRATED.
  • 5. WORKING OF OPTICAL PYROMETER
  • 7. WHEN A TEMPERATURE SOURCE IS TO BE MEASURED , THE RADIATION FROM THE SOURCE ARE FOCUSED ONTO THE FILAMENT OF THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE LAMP USING THE OBJECTIVE LENS. NOW THE EYE PIECE IS ADJUSTED SO THAT THE FILAMENT OF THE REFERENCE TEMPERATURE LAMP IS IN SHARP FOCUS AND THE FILAMENT IS SEEN SUPER IMPOSED ON THE IMAGE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE. NOW THE OBSERVER STARTS CONTROLLING THE LAMP CURRENT AND THE FILAMENT WILL APPEAR DARK AS IN FIGURE (A) IF THE FILAMENT IS COOLER THAN THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE, THE FILAMENT WILL APPEAR BRIGHT AS IN FIGURE (B) IF THE FILAMENT IS HOTTER THAN THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE, THE FILAMENT WILL NOT BE SEEN AS IN FIGURE (C) IF THE FILAMENT AND TEMPERATURE SOURCE ARE IN THE SAME TEMPERATURE. HENCE THE OBSERVER SHOULD CONTROL THE LAMP CURRENT UNTIL THE FILAMENT AND THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE HAVE THE SAME BRIGHTNESS WHICH WILL BE NOTICED WHEN THE FILAMENT DISAPPEARS AS IN FIGURE (C) IN THE SUPERIMPOSED IMAGE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE [ THAT IS THE BRIGHTNESS OF THE LAMP AND THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE ARE SAME]. AT THE INSTANCE, THE CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH THE LAMP WHICH IS INDICATED BY THE MILLIVOLTMETER CONNECTED TO THE LAMP BECOMES A MEASURE OF THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TEMPERATURE SOURCE WHEN CALIBRATED.
  • 8. APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER TO MEASURE THE MOVING OBJECTS THE PYROMETER IS USED AND IT MEASURES THE SURFACE THAT CANNOT BE TOUCHED OR CANNOT BE REACHED. SMELTER INDUSTRY IN THE BLAST FURNACE BY USING AN OPTICAL PYROMETER THE COMBUSTION TEMPERATURE IS MEASURED. HERE THE PYROMETER IS USED IN THE FIXED NITROGEN RESEARCH LABORATORY. IN THE METALLURGICAL FURNACE OPERATIONS, TEMPERATURE IS THE FUNDAMENTAL PARAMETER. A DEPENDABLE AND NONSTOP DIMENSION OF THE MELT TEMPERATURE IS IMPORTANT FOR EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF THE PROCESS. SMELTING RATES ARE TOO MAXIMIZED AND PERSISTENCY OF THE LIFE MAY ALSO BE INCREASED. FOR THIS PURPOSE TRADITIONAL THERMOCOUPLE DEVICES ARE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE. BUT THE DEVICES ARE NOT SUITABLE FOR THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT BECAUSE THEY ARE SOFTENED AND DEGRADE.
  • 9. APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER OVER THE BATH PYROMETER: THE TEMPERATURE UPTO 1300 DEGREE CENTIGRADE IS OPERATED BY USING THE SALT BATH FURNACE FOR HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS. AT VERY HIGH TEMPERATURES WITH STRONG HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN THE STEEL AND THE MOLTEN SALT ARE TREATED, BY MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE OF THE MOLTEN SALT, ACCURACY IS MAINTAINED. MAXIMUM ERRORS ARE OCCURRED BY THE SLAG PRESENT ON THE SURFACE, AS IT IS COOLER THAN THE SALT BATH. TUYERE PYROMETER: TUYERE PYROMETER IS AN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE THROUGH THE TUYERE. THESE ARE NORMALLY USED FOR NOURISHING AIR OR INCENTIVES INTO THE BATH OF THE HEATER. STEAM BOILER: TO MEASURE THE STEAM TEMPERATURE, PYROMETER IS ATTACHED TO THE STEAM BOILER IN THE SUPER HEATER.
  • 10. APPLICATION OF OPTICAL PYROMETER PYROMETERS MAY BE FITTED TO EXPERIMENTAL GAS TURBINE ENGINES TO MEASURE THE SURFACE TEMPERATURE OF TURBINE BLADES. SUCH PYROMETERS CAN BE PAIRED WITH A TACHOMETER TO TIE THE PYROMETER OUTPUT WITH THE POSITION OF AN INDIVIDUAL TURBINE BLADE. TIMING COMBINED WITH A RADIAL POSITION ENCODER ALLOWS ENGINEERS TO DETERMINE THE TEMPERATURE AT EXACT POINTS ON BLADES MOVING PAST THE PROBE. THE TUYRE PYROMETER IS AN OPTICAL INSTRUMENT FOR TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT THROUGH THE TUYERES WHICH ARE NORMALLY USED FOR FEEDING AIR OR REACTANTS INTO THE BATH OF THE FURNACE. A HOT AIR BALLOON IS EQUIPPED WITH A PYROMETER FOR MEASURING THE TEMPERATURE AT THE TOP OF THE ENVELOPE IN ORDER TO PREVENT OVERHEATING OF THE FABRIC.
  • 11. REFERANCES MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION BY R.K. RAJPUT MECHANICAL MEASUREMENT AND METROLOGY BY J.P.HADIYA AND H.G.KATARIYA